Ethylene production in xylem of Pinus radiata in relation to heartwood formation

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 1331-1335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Shain ◽  
W. E. Hillis
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Wound Response ◽  
Heartwood Formation ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
Transition Zones ◽  
Phenol Synthesis ◽  
Dormant Season ◽  
Stimulation Of

The production of ethylene by xylem tissues of Pinus radiata was monitored throughout the year. Statistically, significantly greater quantities of ethylene were produced during the winter by transition zones separating sapwood from heartwood than by transition zones during the rest of the year and by middle and inner sapwood during the entire year. Ethylene (5 ppm in air), but not carbon dioxide (27.5% in air), stimulated the production of pinosylvin in sapwood blocks. Phenol synthesis appeared to be preceded by desiccation during both heartwood formation and wound response. Tests with cycloheximide indicated that transition zones are capable of protein synthesis. It was suggested that the auxin-ethylene balance could contribute to quantitative and seasonal differences in ethylene production between the wound and senescent responses (heartwood formation). These and other results suggest that (i) ethylene is involved in stimulation of respiration and phenol synthesis during the wound and senescent responses of xylem tissues of this species, and (ii) heartwood formation takes place mainly in the dormant season during increased metabolic activity in the transition zone.

Seasonal fluctuation in respiration of aging xylem in relation to heartwood formation in Pinus radiata

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 737-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Shain ◽  
J. F. Graham Mackay
Keyword(s):  
Transition Zone ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Enzyme Histochemistry ◽  
Respiratory Activity ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuation ◽  
Heartwood Formation ◽  
Malic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Dormant Season ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Respiratory activity in xylem tissues of Pinus radiata was monitored during the growing and dormant seasons by manometry as well as by histochemical localization of malic and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases and by quantitative estimation of malic dehydrogenase. During the dormant season, respiration and activity of malic dehydrogenase were significantly greater (1% probability level) in the transition zone separating sapwood from heartwood than in middle and inner sapwood. These results were supported by enzyme histochemistry, which indicated a substantial increase in activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the transition zone, particularly during the dormant season. It is suggested that heartwood formation occurs mainly during this time.

On the promotion of senescence in Brassica oleracea var. capitata by Alternaria brassicicola and by Botrytis cinerea

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (21) ◽  
pp. 2378-2386 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Poapst ◽  
B. Anne Ramsoomair ◽  
C. O. Gourley
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Ferrous Sulfate ◽  
Potassium Salt ◽  
Alternaria Brassicicola ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Floating Leaf

Alternaria brassicicola and Botrytis cinerea stimulated ethylene production in closed culture with floating leaf discs from cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata). Production with A. brassicicola had an observed maximum at 18 °C and was speeded by preculturing the fungus on media containing cabbage components, but which contained little or no methionine.In the absence of cabbage tissue, both organisms demonstrated a latent capacity to generate ethylene from closed shake cultures of Czapek's medium containing L-methionine. With A. brassicicola in a modified Czapek's medium (minus ferrous sulfate) containing 10−3 ML-methionine, there was a stimulation of ethylene production at 18 °C by the addition of Fe2+, Fe3+, Cu2+, ca. 8% carbon dioxide, or the potassium salt of gibberellic acid (GA3). With B. cinerea, 4% carbon dioxide was stimulatory, 29% carbon dioxide was inhibitory, whereas less than 4% oxygen arrested the production of ethylene completely for 48 h.Results suggest that the nature of parasitism of A. brassicicola and B. cinerea on cabbage is characterized by a latent capability to cause the production of, and to produce, the plant-senescing hormone ethylene.

A comparison of preharvest and postharvest ethylene production and respiration rates of saskatoon (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.) fruit during development

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-332
Author(s):  
Suzy Y Rogiers ◽  
N Richard Knowles
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Wound Response ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Continuous Treatment ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight Basis ◽  
Amelanchier Alnifolia ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Maturity Class

Changes in respiration and ethylene production rates of nine maturity classes of saskatoon (Amelanchier alnifolia, Nutt.) fruit after harvest were compared with those of fruit maturing and ripening on the plant. During ripening on the plant, ethylene production increased on a whole-fruit and fresh-weight basis, while respiration increased substantially on a whole-fruit basis but remained constant on a fresh-weight basis. Fruit harvested at the greenish yellow to pink stages (maturity classes four and five, respectively) increased their ethylene production until 15-20 h after harvest, and this was coincident with ripening to maturity class seven and thus a color change to red. Ethylene production then declined over the next 15 h. Respiration rates of harvested immature, mature, and ripe fruits declined over 5 days, except for a relatively brief 8-12% rise starting 15-20 h after harvest. This brief increase in respiration was characteristic of fruit of all maturity classes, likely reflecting a wound response associated with harvest rather than a ripening-induced change in metabolism. Continuous treatment of attached or detached fruit with propylene or ethylene in an open airflow system did not induce an increase in respiration earlier, relative to control fruit. The respiratory response of saskatoon fruit during postharvest ripening was thus very different from that of fruit that ripened on the plant. Thus, the increase in respiration associated with ripening could only be demonstrated on a whole-fruit basis if fruit remained on the plant. Preharvest and postharvest changes in ethylene production during ripening also differed but were both consistent with climacteric ripening.Key words: Amelanchier alnifolia, ethylene, ripening, saskatoon fruit.

scholarly journals THE MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE TISSUES OF THE RABBIT AS A RESULT OF REDUCED OXIDATION

1918 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Martin ◽  
A. S. Loevenhart ◽  
C. H. Bunting
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Red Bone Marrow ◽  
Hydropic Degeneration ◽  
Thyroid Hyperplasia ◽  
High Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Stimulation Of

Exposure of rabbits to an atmosphere of low oxygen content results in a stimulation of the cardiorespiratory systems, in an extension (hyperplasia) of red bone marrow and probably of a thyroid hyperplasia, with the further production of hydropic and hyaline degeneration in the cells of the parenchymatous organs. An atmosphere of high carbon dioxide and normal oxygen content produces, however, a stimulation of the cardiorespiratory systems, but no marrow extension and, in the concentrations used, but slight hydropic degeneration in the parenchyma of the glandular organs.

scholarly journals Tolerance of Cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.) to Cold Storage

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 524-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Alique ◽  
José P. Zamorano ◽  
Ma Luisa Calvo ◽  
Carmen Merodio ◽  
José L. De la Plaza
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Ethylene Synthesis ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Acid Accumulation ◽  
Ripe Stage ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Stimulation Of

`Fino de Jete' cherimoya fruit were stored at 20, 10, 8, or 6C, 80% relative humidity. Two rises of CO2 production and an ethylene rise following the first peak of respiration were obtained in fruit held at 20C. The ripe stage coincided with the onset of the second respiratory rise. Soluble sugar and organic acid concentration were maximal, and flesh firmness was 18 N in ripe fruit. Lower temperature reduced respiration rate and ethylene production; however, some stimulation of ethylene synthesis was observed at 10C. Cherimoyas ripened to edible condition during 6 days at 10C, but fruit maintained at 8C for up to 12 days required transfer to 20C to ripen properly. Our results suggest that high increases in CO2 are not sufficient to complete cherimoya fruit ripening without the concurrent rise in ethylene production. Citric acid accumulation, inhibition of ethylene synthesis, and reduced accumulation of sucrose were observed during storage at 6C. Removal to 20C after 12 days at 6C resulted in no ripening, almost complete inhibition of ethylene synthesis, and severe skin browning. Thus, 8C is the lowest tolerable temperature for prolonged cold storage of cherimoya `Fino de Jete'. Fruit can be held at 8C for up to 12 days without damage from chilling injury.

Herbicide-Induced Ethylene Production: Role of the Gas in Sublethal Doses of 2,4-D

Weed Science ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. B. Abeles
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Competitive Inhibitor ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Sublethal Doses ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Ethylene production was stimulated by 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) from light-grown corn (Zea mays L., var. XL-15) and soybeans (Glycine max Merr., var. Hawkeye). Ethylene had an inhibitory effect on the growth of corn and soybeans, but a reversal of the ethylene effect could not be clearly demonstrated using the competitive inhibitor, carbon dioxide. Ethylene did not mimic the ability of 2,4-D to cause growth curvatures. It was concluded that ethylene played a role in the activity of sublethal amounts of 2,4-D.

scholarly journals Stimulation of Border Cell Production in Response to Increased Carbon Dioxide Levels

2000 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowen Zhao ◽  
Iraj J. Misaghi ◽  
Martha C. Hawes
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Cell Production ◽  
Border Cell ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Levels ◽  
Stimulation Of
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