Formation of mycorrhizae in monoxenic culture by pond pine (Pinus serotina)

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 1003-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edna G. Suggs ◽  
Larry F. Grand
Keyword(s):  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
Laccaria Laccata ◽  
Monoxenic Culture ◽  
Amanita Muscaria ◽  
Hartig Net ◽  
Cenococcum Graniforme ◽  
Pond Pine

Ectomycorrhizae were formed by pond pine after 4 months in monoxenic culture with Amanita muscaria, Cenococcum graniforme, Laccaria laccata, Pisolithus tinctorius, Suillus brevipes, S. cothurnatus, S. granulatus, S. hirtellus, and S. pictus. Phylloporus rhodoxanthus formed a fungal mantle but no Hartig net. Macroscopic characteristics which were used for distinguishing among species of fungi forming mycorrhizae in this study were type of branching, color of mycorrhizae, and production of rhizomorphic strands.

Technique for the observation of early morphological changes during ectomycorrhiza formation

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. André Fortin ◽  
Yves Piché ◽  
Maurice Lalonde
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
Hartig Net ◽  
Cenococcum Graniforme

Flat, transparent polyester growth pouches were used for synthesis of ectomycorrhizae on Pinus strobus seedlings. Typical ectomycorrhizae with mantle and Hartig net were obtained within 5 days after inoculation with Pisolithus tinctorius. An extensive extramatrical network of hyphae and hyphal strands could be observed within 15 days after ectomycorrhizae formation. The process was somewhat slower with Cenococcum graniforme. Other proven ectomycorrhizal fungi on P. strobus were unsuccessful in forming ectomycorrhizae under conditions used in these experiments.

Structure and ontogeny of Betula alleghaniensis – Pisolithus tinctorius ectomycorrhizae

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. Massicotte ◽  
R. L. Peterson ◽  
C. A. Ackerley ◽  
L. H. Melville
Keyword(s):  
Root Hairs ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Betula Alleghaniensis ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Structural Modifications ◽  
Hartig Net ◽  
Primary Roots

The ontogeny and ultrastructure of ectomycorrhizae synthesized between Betula alleghaniensis (yellow birch) and Pisolithus tinctorius, a broad host range fungus, were studied to determine the structural modifications in both symbionts during ectomycorrhiza establishment. A number of stages, including initial contact of hyphae with the root surface, early mantle formation, and mature mantle formation, were distinguished. Interactions between hyphae and root hairs were frequent. As a paraepidermal Hartig net developed, root epidermal cells elongated in a radial direction, but wall ingrowths were not formed. Repeated branching of Hartig net hyphae resulted in extensive fine branches and the compartmentalization of hyphal cytoplasm. Nuclei and elongated mitochondria were frequently located in the narrow cytoplasmic compartments, and [Formula: see text] thickenings developed along walls of cortical cells in primary roots.

scholarly journals Análisis proximal y de composición mineral de cuatro especies de hongos ectomicorrízicos silvestres de la Sierra Tarahumara de Chihuahua

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana De Jesús Gómez-Flores ◽  
Nina Del Rocío Martínez-Ruiz ◽  
Irma Delia Enríquez-Anchondo ◽  
Fortunato Garza-Ocañas ◽  
Jesús Alejandro Nájera-Medellín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
Laccaria Laccata ◽  
Total N ◽  
Sierra Tarahumara ◽  
Para Determinar

En Chihuahua se han registrado cerca de 500 especies de hongos macromicetos, de las que 73 son consideradas comestibles a nivel mundial. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar la composición proximal y mineral de cuatro especies de hongos ectomicorrícicos comestibles de la Sierra Tarahumara en Chihuahua. Se recolectaron carpóforos de Astraeus hygrometricus, Laccaria laccata, Amanita caesarea y Pisolithus tinctorius en dos localidades del municipio de Bocoyna. A éstos se les realizó un análisis proximal para determinar el porcentaje de humedad, proteínas, grasas totales, cenizas y carbohidratos totales, así mismo se realizó un análisis de composición mineral para determinar el porcentaje de nitrógeno total (N), fósforo (P), potasio (K), calcio (Ca), magnesio (Mg), sodio (Na), cobre (Cu), hierro (Fe), manganeso (Mn) y zinc (Zn). Los resultados muestran que P. tinctorius es la especie con mayor contenido de minerales, A. hygrometricus en contenido de carbohidratos, A. caesarea en contenido de grasas y L. laccata en proteínas. De los 10 distintos minerales que fueron determinados, A. caesarea presenta el contenido más elevado en N, P, K y Zn, mientras que A. hygrometricus tiene los valores más altos de Ca y Mn. Por su parte, L. laccata muestra los contenidos más altos en Mg, Na y Cu. Finalmente, P. tinctorius resultó con los valores más altos en Fe. En general, la composición proximal y mineral de estos hongos se encuentra dentro del rango establecido para hongos comestibles, por lo que son una buena alternativa alimenticia para los habitantes de la zona.

Ectomycorrhiza synthesis between isolated roots of Eucalyptus pilularis and Pisolithus tinctorius

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1237-1239 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Bailey ◽  
R. L. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Filter Paper ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Apical Portion ◽  
Hypocotyl Explants ◽  
Hartig Net ◽  
Isolated Roots ◽  
Basal Portion ◽  
Eucalyptus Pilularis

Callus cultures were established from epicotyl–hypocotyl explants of Eucalyptus pilularis seedlings. Roots formed on these cultures were excised and placed in divided petri plates. The apical portion of each root was placed on filter paper overlying modified Bonner–Deverian medium, while the basal portion was placed on Bonner–Deverian medium containing carbohydrates. Plugs of Pisolithus tinctorius mycelium were placed adjacent to the apical portion of each root. After 10–14 days, approximately 40% of all root tips formed a mantle and Hartig net typical of ectomycorrhizas.

scholarly journals Inoculación micorrízica de Pinus ponderosa en el vivero forestal Junín de Los Andes, Argentina

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-167
Author(s):  
Hernán Peredo López ◽  
Oriele Alonso ◽  
Eduardo Valenzuela
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
Laccaria Laccata ◽  
Thelephora Terrestris ◽  
Hebeloma Crustuliniforme

En el vivero forestal de Junín de los Andes, Argentina (40º S, 71º W) se realizó un ensayo de inoculación micorrízica de presiembra en Octubre de 1988. Después de fumigar el suelo con Bromuro de metilo se formaron platabandas y se establecieron 30 parcelas de 1 m², separadas cada una por 30 cm, en un diseño de bloques al azar. La inoculación se realizó con inóculo sólido de Laccaria laccata, Hebeloma crustuliniforme, Thelephora terrestris y Pisolithus tinctorius, obtenido en medio Melin-Norkrans modificado. En cada bloque se usaron como controles 1 parcela con suelo de vivero y humus (1:1) y una con suelo de vivero solo. Después de la inoculación en la hilera se sembró semilla de Pinus ponderosa con una densidad de 0,5 kg/m². Tres meses más tarde se extrajeron 10 plantas al azar de cada parcela y se les midió el porcentaje de micorrización, el largo del tallo y raíz y sus respectivos pesos húmedos y secos. Los tratamientos T. terrestris y P. tinctorius fueron significativamente mejores en largo de tallo, proporción peso seco tallo/peso seco raíz e índice de calidad de las plantas. Ambos controles fueron significativamente mejores que el tratamiento L. laccata.

Ectendomycorrhizae in Pinus resinosa seedlings. I. Characteristics of mycorrhizae produced by a black imperfect fungus

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (10) ◽  
pp. 2145-2155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh E. Wilcox ◽  
Ruth Ganmore-Neumann
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Monoxenic Culture ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Short Root ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Hartig Net ◽  
Imperfect Fungus ◽  
The One

A black imperfect fungus isolated from 3-year-old nursery seedlings of Pinus resinosa was tested for its ability to form mycorrhizae on red pine in monoxenic culture. It was found to stimulate seedling growth. The fungal invasion passed through three successive stages of development during the 7 months after inoculation. At 3 months, intracellular hyphae occurred in all long- and short-root branches, with intercellular hyphae scattered only at isolated loci in the intercellular spaces. After 5 months the infection in the cortex changed abruptly from an intracellular infection to a completely intercellular Hartig net. Although the Hartig net was remarkably thin when first initiated, at its culmination it reached a massive thickness and sent penetrating hyphae into the cortical cells, resulting in the formation of distinctive ectendomycorrhizae. By the end of 7 months the secondary intracellular invasions were often found in the vicinity of the meristems in all root branches except the largest-diameter long-roots, and the fungus-root association had developed toward a predominant ectendomycorrhizal condition. The ectendomycorrhizal infection was distinctively different from the one produced by the so-called E-strains that have been commonly observed in coniferous nurseries.

Pure culture synthesis of bearberry mycorrhizae

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 1297-1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Zak
Keyword(s):  
Pure Culture ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
Laccaria Laccata ◽  
Hebeloma Crustuliniforme ◽  
Pure Culture Synthesis

Synthesis of bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi) ectendomycorrhizae in pure culture by Hebeloma crustuliniforme, Laccaria laccata, Lactarius sanguifluus, Pisolithus tinctorius, Poria terrestris vars. cyaneus and subluteus, Rhizopogon vinicolor, and Thelophora terrestris is described.

Ontogeny of Eucalyptus pilularis – Pisolithus tinctorius ectomycorrhizae. I. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 1927-1939 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. Massicotte ◽  
R. L. Peterson ◽  
A. E. Ashford
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Root ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Lateral Root Development ◽  
First Order ◽  
Hartig Net ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Roots ◽  
Eucalyptus Pilularis

Eucalyptus pilularis Sm. seedlings were grown in growth pouches and inoculated with the broad host range ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch. External morphology and internal structure of all stages of ectomycorrhiza formation on first-order and second-order laterals were studied. The morphology of the ectomycorrhiza is dependent on the stage of lateral root development at the time of colonization by fungal hyphae. Emerging lateral roots are colonized by hyphae originating from the inner mantle of the parent root. The Hartig net does not spread internally from the parent root to the lateral root. All primary tissues of mycorrhizal lateral roots are differentiated close to the apical meristem. The epidermal cells undergo a marked increased in radial growth instead of the usual elongation in the axial plane. The hypodermis is a barrier to the penetration of hyphae so that Hartig net formation is paradermal only. Older portions of ectomycorrhizal roots show a degeneration of the epidermis, hypodermis, and cortex excluding the endodermis, and a proliferation of hyphae in these senescing tissues.

Ontogeny of Eucalyptus pilularis – Pisolithus tinctorius ectomycorrhizae. II. Transmission electron microscopy

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 1940-1947 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. Massicotte ◽  
R. L. Peterson ◽  
C. A. Ackerley ◽  
A. E. Ashford
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Layer ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Root Cap ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
Dense Layer ◽  
Hartig Net ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Fungal Hyphae ◽  
Cytoplasmic Content ◽  
Eucalyptus Pilularis

Eucalyptus pilularis – Pisolithus tinctorius ectomycorrhizae were synthesized in growth pouches, and ultrastructural features of the two symbionts were documented during ontogeny. In the root cap – meristem zone, fungal hyphae envelop the root cap and penetrate between root cap cells. These fungal hyphae have numerous organelles and nuclei, some of which are in mitosis. The inner mantle hyphae in this zone and in the pre-Hartig net zone are heterogeneous in cytoplasmic content and are separated from the epidermis by an electron-dense layer. In the young Hartig net zone, hyphae penetrate between epidermal cells which contain electron-dense vacuolar deposits. In this zone and in the older Hartig net zone, hyphae do not penetrate beyond the epidermis and therefore a paraepidermal Hartig net is formed. The outer cortical layer develops as a hypodermis with suberized cell walls. The root–fungus interface consists of Hartig net hyphae which form a labyrinthine wall system and epidermal cells which are enlarged radially and contain electron-dense vacuolar deposits.

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