Onset of the synthesis of RNA and protein in mature aleurone tissue of wild oats (Avena fatua)

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Maherchandani ◽  
J. M. Naylor
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Dry Storage ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Aleurone Cells ◽  
Aleurone Tissue

Evidence is presented from autoradiographic experiments, indicating that the onset of protein synthesis in newly imbibed mature aleurone cells of Avena fatua L. is independent of the synthesis of "new" RNA. It is concluded that all fractions of RNA which are essential for protein synthesis survive for periods of several weeks, and probably for several years in caryopses held in dry storage. The results are consistent with previous reports of long-lived template-active RNA in mature, dry plant embryos.

DORMANCY STUDIES IN SEED OF AVENA FATUA: 5. ON THE RESPONSE OF ALEURONE CELLS TO GIBBERELLIC ACID

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Naylor
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Aleurone Cells ◽  
Aleurone Tissue ◽  
Primary Action

The synthesis of α-amylase by excised aleurone tissue can be induced by supplying either gibberellic acid (GA) or a mixture of amino acids and sucrose. Aleurone cells form RNA within 4 hours after the imbibition of water or a solution of GA. Synthesis of RNA is essential for the subsequent production of the enzyme. The primary action of GA leading to production of the enzyme begins at about the same time as the first synthesis of RNA. Loss of dormancy during after-ripening involves changes in the response of aleurone cells to gibberellin. Aleurone cells of a non-dormant domestic oat variety Torch exhibit a greater autonomy in the control of α-amylase synthesis than those of wild oats. The current hypothesis that GA acts by genetic derepression is discussed.

VARIABILITY IN DNA CONTENT AND NUCLEAR MORPHOLOGY OF THE ALEURONE CELLS OF AVENA FATUA (WILD OATS)

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 578-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Maherchandani ◽  
J. M. Naylor
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
General Rule ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Adaptive Function ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Aleurone Cells ◽  
Dna Values ◽  
Dna Turnover ◽  
Continuous Range

Nuclei of mature aleurone cells of Avena fatua do not conform to the general rule of DNA constancy. That is, a frequency distribution of nuclear DNA values in aleurone shows a continuous range from less than 2C to greater than 6C, with no accumulation of values at 3C and 6C as expected in a mature triploid tissue.This departure from DNA constancy apparently is not due to irregularity in mitosis. It may reflect DNA turnover or DNA amplification during differentiation. The possible adaptive function of DNA amplification in aleurone is discussed.

Heterogeneity and Behaviour of Aleurone Cells in the Caryopsis of Wild Oats (Avena fatua)

Flora ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 180 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 417-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.V.S. Raju ◽  
A. Walther
Keyword(s):  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Aleurone Cells

Barban Selectivity for Wild Oat in Wheat

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 476-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Neidermyer ◽  
John D. Nalewaja
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Wild Oats

The response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and wild oat (Avena fatua L.) to barban (4-chloro-2-butynyl-m-chlorocarbanilate) was studied as influenced by plant morphology and air temperature after application. Growth of wheat and wild oat seedlings was reduced by barban at 0.3 μg and 0.6 μg applied to the first node, respectively. Barban application to the base and midpoint of the first leaf blade required a lower dose to reduce wild oat growth than wheat growth. Increased tillering occurred from barban injury to the main culm in wheat. Wheat and wild oat susceptibility to barban increased as the post-treatment temperature decreased from 32 to 10 C. Barban selectivity for wild oats in wheat was greater at 27 and 21 C than at 16 and 10 C.

Dynamics of competition between wild oats (Avena fatua L.) and winter cereals

Weed Research ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. COUSENS ◽  
S. E. WEAVER ◽  
T. D. MARTIN ◽  
A. M. BLAIR ◽  
J WILSON
Keyword(s):  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Winter Cereals

SPRAY DROPLET DISTRIBUTION AND HERBICIDE UPTAKE IN SEQUENTIAL APPLICATIONS OF DICLOFOP-METHYL AND MCPA FOR WEED CONTROL IN BARLEY

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. QURESHI ◽  
W. H. VANDEN BORN
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Spray Droplet ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Droplet Distribution ◽  
Spray Droplets ◽  
Spray Volume

Uptake of 14C-diclofop-methyl {methyl 2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy propanoate]} by leaves of wild oats (Avena fatua L.) was reduced significantly in the presence of MCPA {[(4-chloro-o-tolyl)oxy]acetic acid]}, especially the dimethylamine formulation. If the herbicides were applied separately, the degree of interference with uptake depended on the extent of overlap of droplets of the two spray preparations on the leaf surface. Spray volume and direction of spray application were important factors in minimizing the mixing of spray droplets on the leaves if the two herbicides were applied separately with a tandem arrangement of two sprayers. Such a sequential application of MCPA ester and diclofop-methyl in a field experiment provided significantly greater wild oat control than could be obtained with a tank mix of the same two herbicides, but the results were not consistent enough to recommend the procedure for practical use.

Weed Control and Rotational Crop Response with AC 222,293

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen D. Miller ◽  
Harold P. Alley
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Crop Response ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Helianthus Annus ◽  
Rotational Crop ◽  
Pinto Beans

In the field, eight barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars tolerated postemergence applications of AC 222,293 [a mixture of methyl 6 and 2-(4-isopropyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-imidazolin-2-yl) m- and p-toluate] at 0.4 to 1.4 kg/ha. AC 222,293 at 0.4 kg ai/ha applied at the 1.5- to 2-leaf stage controlled wild oats (Avena fatua L. # AVEFA) 96%, whereas 0.7 kg/ha applied at the 3.5- to 4-leaf stage controlled wild oats only 93%. Sugarbeets (Beta vulgaris L.) but not alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), corn (Zea mays L.), pinto beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), or sunflower (Helianthus annus L.), were injured when planted 6 to 8 months after fall applications of AC 222,293 at 0.4 to 1.1 kg/ha.

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