A chromatographic and cytological study of Dryopteris filix-mas and related taxa in North America

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 1589-1600 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-J. Widén ◽  
D. M. Britton
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Cytological Study ◽  
The West ◽  
Chromatographic Pattern ◽  
Phloroglucinol Derivatives ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Chromatographic Evidence

Chromatographic analyses of the phloroglucinol derivatives of 86 collections comprising Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott (4x), D. arguta (Kaulf.) Watt (2x), D. marginalis (L.) A. Gray (2x), and the hybrids D. filix-mas × marginalis (3x), D. cristata × marginalis (3x), D. goldiana × marginalis (2x), and D. intermedia × marginalis (2x) in North America is presented. Material of D. filix-mas from the West differed from that collected in the East. The western material was rich in filixic acid, and had a chromatographic spectrum similar to European D. filix-mas s. str. D. marginalis is lacking filixic acid, and is not closely related to D. filix-mas based on chromatographic evidence. Methylene-bisaspidinol, a compound not previously found in Dryopteris, was isolated from D. marginalis. D. arguta contains filixic acid, and has a chromatographic pattern close to that of D. abbreviata (DC.) Newman, which in turn is one of the ancestors of D. filix-mas s. str. in Europe. The influence of D. marginalis in the phloroglucinol spectrum of the interspecific hybrids studied was very strong except in the hybrid D. filix-mas × marginalis.

A chromatographic and cytological study of Dryopteris dilatata in North America and eastern Asia

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl-Johan Widén ◽  
Donald M. Britton
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Cytological Study ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Western North America ◽  
European Studies ◽  
Eastern Asia ◽  
Phloroglucinol Derivatives ◽  
Derivatives Of

A chromatographic analysis of the phloroglucinol derivatives of 123 collections of Dryopteris intermedia Gray (2x), D. assimilis S. Walker (2x) from western North America, D. "dilatata" from eastern North America (2x), D. "austriaca" from Japan and Kamchatka, "Aspidium dilatatum" from Siberia, D. campyloptera Clarkson (4x) from eastern North America, D. spinulosa Watt (4x) from North America, the hybrids D. "dilatata" × campyloptera (3x) and D. intermedia × spinulosa (3x) is presented. D. "dilatata" from eastern North America has an extremely variable phloroglucinol content, which limits the utility of the analysis for taxonomy. The chromatographic and cytological results are discussed in connection with the evolution of the two tetraploid taxa, D. campyloptera and D. spinulosa. The intra-specific variability of each taxon is discussed and compared with the extensive European studies. The material investigated may be considered to belong to the following species: D. intermedia Gray (2x), D. assimilis S. Walker (2x), D. campyloptera Clarkson (4x), and D. spinulosa Watt (4x). Only two different ancestral genomes are considered to be present in these four species, one in the first three species, and two in D. spinulosa.

Chemotaxonomic investigations on the Dryopteris cristata complex in North America

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 1141-1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-J. Widén ◽  
D. M. Britton
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Parent Species ◽  
Phloroglucinol Derivatives ◽  
First Time ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Allotetraploid Species

A chromatographic analysis of the phloroglucinol derivatives of 136 collections of D. ludoviciana (Kunze) Small (2x), D. goldiana (Hook.) A. Gray (2x), D. cristata (L.) A. Gray (4x), D. celsa (Palmer) Small (4x), D. clintoniana (D. C. Eaton) Dowell (6x), and six of their hybrids is presented. The phloroglucinol derivatives in these taxa exist as complicated mixtures of butyryl (B), propionyl, (P), and acetyl (A) homologs. Each taxon seems to contain different percentages of homologs. Albaspidin PA (I) and flavaspidic acid AB (IV) have been isolated from Dryopteris for the first time. Cytological results suggest that D. celsa and D. cristata are allotetraploid species derived from D. ludoviciana and D. goldiana; and D. ludoviciana and an unknown diploid, respectively; whereas D. clintoniana is an allohexaploid derived from D. goldiana and D. cristata. The chromatographic results support these interpretations. Phloroglucinol compounds that are found in the parent species also occur in their interspecific hybrids.

A chromatographic and cytological study of Dryopteris dilatata in eastern North America

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 1337-1344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl-Johan Widén ◽  
Donald M. Britton
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Genome Analysis ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Cytological Study ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Ancestral Genome ◽  
Evolutionary Patterns ◽  
Phloroglucinol Derivatives

The phloroglucinol derivatives found in the rhizomes of Dryopteris intermedia Gray, diploid D. "dilatata", and D. campyloptera Clarkson, all from eastern North America, are compared and contrasted with those found in D. assimilis S. Walker, D. dilatata A. Gray, and D. spinulosa Watt from Europe, as well as diploid D. “dilatata” from Alaska. The presence or absence, and the morphology, of internal secreting hairs in these species was useful for comparing taxa and suggesting evolutionary patterns. Chromatographic analysis gives many more categories or finer divisions of D. dilatata s.l. than does genome analysis, which has suggested that D. assimilis, D. intermedia, and western D. “dilatata” represent the same ancestral genome.

Climatic implications of latest Pleistocene and earliest Holocene mammalian sympatries in eastern Washington state, USA

2008 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 426-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Lee Lyman
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Rocky Mountains ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Washington State ◽  
The West ◽  
Mammalian Faunas ◽  
Eastern Washington

AbstractFor more than fifty years it has been known that mammalian faunas of late-Pleistocene age are taxonomically unique and lack modern analogs. It has long been thought that nonanalog mammalian faunas are limited in North America to areas east of the Rocky Mountains and that late-Pleistocene mammalian faunas in the west were modern in taxonomic composition. A late-Pleistocene fauna from Marmes Rockshelter in southeastern Washington State has no modern analog and defines an area of maximum sympatry that indicates significantly cooler summers than are found in the area today. An earliest Holocene fauna from Marmes Rockshelter defines an area of maximum sympatry, including the site area, but contains a single tentatively identified taxon that may indicate slightly cooler than modern summers.

The Lower Jurassic phosphorites of southeastern British Columbia and terrane accretion to western North America

1989 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1612-1616 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. P. Poulton ◽  
J. D. Aitken
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Oceanic Crust ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Lower Jurassic ◽  
Depositional Model ◽  
Western North America ◽  
The West ◽  
Terrane Accretion

Sinemurian phosphorites in southeastern British Columbia and southwestern Alberta conform with the "West Coast type" phosphorite depositional model. The model indicates that they were deposited on or near the Early Jurassic western cratonic margin, next to a sea or trough from which cold water upwelled. This suggests that the allochthonous terrane Quesnellia lay well offshore in Sinemurian time. The sea separating Quesnellia from North America was partly floored by oceanic crust ("Eastern Terrane") and partly by a thick sequence of rifted, continental terrace wedge rocks comprising the Purcell Supergroup and overlying Paleozoic sequence. This sequence must have been depressed sufficiently that access of upwelling deep currents to the phosphorite depositional area was not impeded.

The Achievements of the Douglass Company in North America: 1758–1774

1982 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
David D. Mays
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North America ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Theatre History ◽  
The West ◽  
American Theatre ◽  
History Of ◽  
American Theatre History ◽  
A Company

On Monday, October 16, 1758., Hugh Gaine reported a novelty. “Friday last,” he told his readers in the New-York Mercury, “arrived here from the West Indies, a Company of Comedians; some Part of which were here in the Year 1753.” This brief notice, which went on to assure its readers that the company had “an ample Certificate of their Private as well as publick Qualifications,” marks the beginning of the most significant event in American theatre history: the establishment of the professional theatre on this continent. The achievements of the Company of Comedians during its sixteen-year residence in North America are virtually without parallel in the history of the theatre, and have not received sufficient recognition by historians and scholars.

NEW SPECIES OF DOLICHOPODIDAE FROM NORTH AMERICA AND THE WEST INDIES

1930 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 84-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. van Duzee
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
West Indies ◽  
The West ◽  
Tarsal Joint ◽  
Pale Yellow ◽  
Posterior Pair ◽  
Snow White

Male: Length 2.6-3 mm. Head, thorax, abdomen, legs and feet thickly white pruinose, but the ground color showing through; face moderately wide, wholly pollinose, this pollen yellow in the middle, reaching the orbits at the suture, sides of upper part narrowly, below the suture widely white pollinose, sonsetimes the yellow pollen covers most of upper part and extends onto the inner part of the palpi; palpi with snow white pollen, each nearly as large as upper part of face; antennae wholly yellow, small, arista whitish; orbital cilia white, rather long on the sides; occiput, front, thorax and abdomen reddish coppery, posterior margins of abdominal segments sometimes green ; bristles of thorax small, black; hairs of ahdomen very short, white; pleura and coxae black with ground color nearly concealed with white pollen, tips of coxae yellow; hypopygium small, with a long, straight, black appendage extending forward under the abdomen and small yellowish appendages inside of this long one; femora, tibiae and tarsi pale yellow, last two joints of all tarsi blackish; the minute hairs on all femora and tibiae white, the small bristles on tibiae black; fore tibiae with a row of long white hairs on upper surface, which are as long as diameter of tibiae and extend to fourth tarsal joint, becoming shorter towards the end; apical joint of middle tarsi very slightly widened; pulvilli not enlarged ; joints of fore tarsi as 20-8-6-5-7 ; of middle ones as 32-14-9-6-6; joints of posterior pair as 25-19-11-6-7.

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