Chemotaxonomic investigations on the Dryopteris cristata complex in North America

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 1141-1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-J. Widén ◽  
D. M. Britton
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Parent Species ◽  
Phloroglucinol Derivatives ◽  
First Time ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Allotetraploid Species

A chromatographic analysis of the phloroglucinol derivatives of 136 collections of D. ludoviciana (Kunze) Small (2x), D. goldiana (Hook.) A. Gray (2x), D. cristata (L.) A. Gray (4x), D. celsa (Palmer) Small (4x), D. clintoniana (D. C. Eaton) Dowell (6x), and six of their hybrids is presented. The phloroglucinol derivatives in these taxa exist as complicated mixtures of butyryl (B), propionyl, (P), and acetyl (A) homologs. Each taxon seems to contain different percentages of homologs. Albaspidin PA (I) and flavaspidic acid AB (IV) have been isolated from Dryopteris for the first time. Cytological results suggest that D. celsa and D. cristata are allotetraploid species derived from D. ludoviciana and D. goldiana; and D. ludoviciana and an unknown diploid, respectively; whereas D. clintoniana is an allohexaploid derived from D. goldiana and D. cristata. The chromatographic results support these interpretations. Phloroglucinol compounds that are found in the parent species also occur in their interspecific hybrids.

A chromatographic and cytological study of Dryopteris filix-mas and related taxa in North America

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 1589-1600 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-J. Widén ◽  
D. M. Britton
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Cytological Study ◽  
The West ◽  
Chromatographic Pattern ◽  
Phloroglucinol Derivatives ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Chromatographic Evidence

Chromatographic analyses of the phloroglucinol derivatives of 86 collections comprising Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott (4x), D. arguta (Kaulf.) Watt (2x), D. marginalis (L.) A. Gray (2x), and the hybrids D. filix-mas × marginalis (3x), D. cristata × marginalis (3x), D. goldiana × marginalis (2x), and D. intermedia × marginalis (2x) in North America is presented. Material of D. filix-mas from the West differed from that collected in the East. The western material was rich in filixic acid, and had a chromatographic spectrum similar to European D. filix-mas s. str. D. marginalis is lacking filixic acid, and is not closely related to D. filix-mas based on chromatographic evidence. Methylene-bisaspidinol, a compound not previously found in Dryopteris, was isolated from D. marginalis. D. arguta contains filixic acid, and has a chromatographic pattern close to that of D. abbreviata (DC.) Newman, which in turn is one of the ancestors of D. filix-mas s. str. in Europe. The influence of D. marginalis in the phloroglucinol spectrum of the interspecific hybrids studied was very strong except in the hybrid D. filix-mas × marginalis.

A chromatographic and cytological study of Dryopteris dilatata in North America and eastern Asia

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl-Johan Widén ◽  
Donald M. Britton
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Cytological Study ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Western North America ◽  
European Studies ◽  
Eastern Asia ◽  
Phloroglucinol Derivatives ◽  
Derivatives Of

A chromatographic analysis of the phloroglucinol derivatives of 123 collections of Dryopteris intermedia Gray (2x), D. assimilis S. Walker (2x) from western North America, D. "dilatata" from eastern North America (2x), D. "austriaca" from Japan and Kamchatka, "Aspidium dilatatum" from Siberia, D. campyloptera Clarkson (4x) from eastern North America, D. spinulosa Watt (4x) from North America, the hybrids D. "dilatata" × campyloptera (3x) and D. intermedia × spinulosa (3x) is presented. D. "dilatata" from eastern North America has an extremely variable phloroglucinol content, which limits the utility of the analysis for taxonomy. The chromatographic and cytological results are discussed in connection with the evolution of the two tetraploid taxa, D. campyloptera and D. spinulosa. The intra-specific variability of each taxon is discussed and compared with the extensive European studies. The material investigated may be considered to belong to the following species: D. intermedia Gray (2x), D. assimilis S. Walker (2x), D. campyloptera Clarkson (4x), and D. spinulosa Watt (4x). Only two different ancestral genomes are considered to be present in these four species, one in the first three species, and two in D. spinulosa.

A chromatographic and cytological study of Dryopteris dilatata in eastern North America

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 1337-1344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl-Johan Widén ◽  
Donald M. Britton
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Genome Analysis ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Cytological Study ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Ancestral Genome ◽  
Evolutionary Patterns ◽  
Phloroglucinol Derivatives

The phloroglucinol derivatives found in the rhizomes of Dryopteris intermedia Gray, diploid D. "dilatata", and D. campyloptera Clarkson, all from eastern North America, are compared and contrasted with those found in D. assimilis S. Walker, D. dilatata A. Gray, and D. spinulosa Watt from Europe, as well as diploid D. “dilatata” from Alaska. The presence or absence, and the morphology, of internal secreting hairs in these species was useful for comparing taxa and suggesting evolutionary patterns. Chromatographic analysis gives many more categories or finer divisions of D. dilatata s.l. than does genome analysis, which has suggested that D. assimilis, D. intermedia, and western D. “dilatata” represent the same ancestral genome.

Effects of insecticides on adults and eggs of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera, Drosophilidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Cristine Hoffmann Schlesener ◽  
Jutiane Wollmann ◽  
Juliano De Bastos Pazini ◽  
Anderson Dionei Grützmacher ◽  
Flávio Roberto Mello Garcia
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Stone Fruits ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Ovicidal Effect ◽  
Mere Presence ◽  
South Of Brazil ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
First Time

Drosophila suzukii (Diptera, Drosophilidae) is an exotic species, endemic to Asia and currently a pest to small and stone fruits in several countries of North America and Europe. It was detected in 2013 for the first time in South America, in the south of Brazil. Unlike most drosophilids, this species deserves special attention, because the females are capable of oviposit inside healthy fruits, rendering their sale and export prohibited. Despite the confirmed existence of this species in different states of Brazil, this insect is yet been to be given the pest status. Nevertheless, the mere presence of this species is enough to cause concern to producers of small fruits and to justify further investigation for it’s control, especially chemical control for a possible change in status. Therefore, the goal of this work was to evaluate, in laboratory, mortality of D. suzukii adults and ovicidal effect when exposed to different insecticides registered for species of the Tephritidae and Agromyzidae families in different cultures. The insecticides deltamethrin, dimethoate, spinosad, fenitrothion, phosmet, malathion, methidathion, and zeta-cypermethrin resulted in mortality to 100 % of the subjects three days after the treatment (DAT). Regarding the effects over eggs, it was  established that the insecticides fenitrothion, malathion, and methidathion deemed 100 % of the eggs not viable, followed by phosmet and diflubenzuron, which also caused elevated reduction in the eclosion of larvae two DAT.

scholarly journals Insight into the Secondary Metabolites of Geum urbanum L. and Geum rivale L. Seeds (Rosaceae)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1219
Author(s):  
Marek Bunse ◽  
Peter Lorenz ◽  
Florian C. Stintzing ◽  
Dietmar R. Kammerer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Asiatic Acid ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Nutritional Properties ◽  
First Time ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Geum Urbanum ◽  
Insight Into

The present study aimed at the identification and quantitation of phenolic compounds, fatty acids, and further characteristic substances in the seeds of Geum urbanum L. and Geum rivale L. For this purpose, individual components of extracts recovered with MeOH, CH2Cl2, and by cold-pressing, respectively, were characterized by HPLC-DAD/ESI-MSn and GC/MS and compared with reference compounds. For both Geum species, phenolic compounds, such as flavonoids and gallic acid derivatives, and triterpenes, such as saponins and their aglycones, were detected. Surprisingly, both Geum species revealed the presence of derivatives of the triterpenoid aglycons asiatic acid and madecassic acid, which were characterized for the first time in the genus Geum. Furthermore, the fatty acids of both species were characterized by GC–MS after derivatization. Both species showed a promising fatty-acid profile in terms of nutritional properties because of high proportions of unsaturated fatty acids. Linoleic acid and linolenic acid were most abundant, among other compounds such as palmitic acid and stearic acid. In summary, the present study demonstrates the seeds of G. urbanum and G. rivale to be a valuable source of unsaturated fatty acids and bioactive phenolics, which might be exploited for nutritional and cosmetic products and for phytotherapeutic purposes.

scholarly journals Identification of pigments in artworks by inverse tangent derivative of spectrum and a new filtering method

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Fazlali ◽  
S. Gorji Kandi
Keyword(s):  
Reflectance Spectrum ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Munk Function ◽  
Absorption Of Light ◽  
Spectrophotometric Data ◽  
First Time ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Derivatives Of

Abstract Employing an economical and non-destructive method for identifying pigments utilized in artworks is a significant aspect for preserving their antiquity value. One of the non-destructive methods for this purpose is spectrophotometry, which is based on the selected absorption of light. Mathematical descriptive methods such as derivatives of the reflectance spectrum, the Kubelka–Munk function and logarithm have been employed for the characterization of the peak features corresponding to the spectrophotometric data. In the present study, the mentioned mathematical descriptive methods were investigated with the aim to characterize the constituents of an Iranian artwork but were not efficient for the samples. Therefore, inverse tangent derivative equation was developed on spectral data for the first time, providing considerable details in the profile of reflectance curves. In the next part, to have a simpler and more practical method it was suggested to use filters made up of pure pigments. By using these filters and placing them on the samples, imaging was done. Then, images of samples with and without filter were evaluated and pure pigments were distinguished. The mentioned methods were also used to identify pigments in a modern Iranian painting specimen. The results confirmed these methods with reliable answers indicating that physical methods (alongside chemical methods) can also be effective in determining the types of pigments.

Implications for the age of South African Devonian rocks in which Tropidoleptus (Brachiopoda) has been found

1983 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Boucot ◽  
C. H. C. Brunton ◽  
J. N. Theron
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
North America ◽  
South African ◽  
Early Carboniferous ◽  
Fossil Plants ◽  
Geological Time ◽  
Marine Sedimentation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Near Shore ◽  
First Time

SummaryThe Devonian brachiopod Tropidoleptus is recognized for the first time in South Africa. It is present in the lower part of the Witteberg Group at four widely separated localities. Data regarding the stratigraphical range of the genus elsewhere, combined with information on recently described fossil plants and vertebrates from underlying strata of the upper Bokkeveld Group, suggest that a Frasnian or even Givetian age is reasonable for the lower part of the Witteberg Group. The recognition of Tropidoleptus in a shallow water, near-shore, molluscan association, at the top of the South African marine Devonian sequence, is similar to its occurrence in Bolivia, and suggests a common Malvinokaffric Realm history of shallowing, prior to later Devonian or early Carboniferous non-marine sedimentation. It is noteworthy that Tropidoleptus is now known to occur in ecologically suitable environments around the Atlantic, but is absent from these same environments in Asia and Australia. Tropidoleptus is an excellent example of dispersal in geological time — first appearing in northern Europe and Nova Scotia, then elsewhere in eastern North America and North Africa, followed by South America and South Africa, while continuing in North America.

CHAETOCNEMA CONCINNA (MARSHAM, 1802), A EUROPEAN FLEA BEETLE INTRODUCED IN NORTH AMERICA (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE: ALTICINAE)

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 647-650
Author(s):  
Laurent Lesage
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
North America ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
First Time

AbstractChaetocnema concinna (Marsham, 1802), a European flea beetle, is reported for the first time from Canada. Preliminary collection data indicate that it may feed on the same host plants as in Europe. It has been collected to date in Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, and Maine.

Procteria (Pachyprocteria) vermifera n. sp., an unusual Hicetes-bearing species of tabulate coral from the lower Eifelian of the Gaspé Sandstones Group, Rimouski County (Quebec, Canada)

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 1530-1542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Plusquellec ◽  
Sylvain Desbiens ◽  
Rémy Gourvennec
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Central Area ◽  
York River ◽  
Proximal Side ◽  
Unusual Association ◽  
Tabulate Coral ◽  
First Time

Procteria (Pachyprocteria) vermifera n. sp. is described from the upper part of the York River Formation (Gaspé Sandstones Group), lower Eifelian (brachiopod Amphigenia Zone), Rimouski County (Quebec, Canada). This new species is considered part of a new lineage of Pachyprocteria characterized by the presence of interstitial corallites. This study reveals for the first time that the granules on the lower (proximal) side are distributed irregularly, their density being higher in the central area of this side than at the periphery. The unusual association of the tabulate coral Procteria (Pachyprocteria) with the “worm” Hicetes is pointed out. The record of the new species adds to the known paleogeographic distribution of Pachyprocteria in North America (Laurussia).

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