Oat crown rust race differentiation: replacement of the standard differential varieties with a new set of single resistance gene lines derived from Avena sterilis

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 1433-1437 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Fleischmann ◽  
R. J. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Near Isogenic Lines ◽  
Avena Sterilis ◽  
Oat Crown Rust ◽  
The Common ◽  
Race Differentiation ◽  
Physiologic Races ◽  
Differential Varieties

A review of the physiologic races of oat crown rust, Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae, isolated in surveys since 1967 indicated a continuing trend toward increased virulence on the standard differential varieties of oats, Avena sativa. Because of this trend and because the inheritance and interrelationships of resistances in the standard differential set are not completely known, a new set of oat crown rust differentials has been introduced. The new set comprises 10 near-isogenic lines of the common oat variety 'Pendek,' into which single resistance genes from Avena sterilis had been transferred. A system of race nomenclature which reflects the pattern of virulence on the new set is proposed.

scholarly journals Virulence of Oat Crown Rust in Brazil and Uruguay

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (8) ◽  
pp. 802-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Leonard ◽  
J. A. Martinelli
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
South American ◽  
Oat Crown Rust ◽  
High Virulence ◽  
Important Disease

Race-specific resistance to crown rust, the most important disease of oat (Avena sativa) in Bra-zil, often fails within a few years of use in Brazilian cultivars. Virulence of 144 isolates of Puccinia coronata from cultivated oat in Brazil in 1997 to 1999 and 36 isolates from Uruguay in 1994-95 and 1998 was tested on a set of 27 oat crown rust differentials lines, each with a different Pc gene for race-specific resistance. Frequencies of virulence and mean virulence complexity were compared among these five collections from Brazil and Uruguay as well as with mean virulence complexity for a collection of 17 isolates from cultivated oat in western Siberia in Russia. Virulence-avirulence for each of the 27 Pc genes was polymorphic in both Brazil and Uruguay. Virulence frequencies were similar for collections from Brazil in 1998 and 1999 and for the collection from Uruguay from 1998, but there were large differences between the 1997 collection and the 1998 and 1999 collections from Brazil. Mean virulence complexity in both Brazil and Uruguay was greater than reported in the United States and much greater than in the Russian collection of P. coronata. A large number of races of P. coronata were found, with no more than five isolates of any race found in a single year in Brazil or Uruguay. The high virulence complexity and great diversity of virulence polymorphisms in Brazil and Uruguay make it unlikely that race-specific resistance can be effective there even though the South American populations of P. coronata are apparently entirely asexual.

PHYSIOLOGIC RACES OF OAT CROWN RUST ISOLATED FROM AECIA ON BUCKTHORN AND THEIR RELATION TO THE RACIAL POPULATION ON OATS IN SOUTHEASTERN ONTARIO AND MANITOBA

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 1151-1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Fleischmann
Keyword(s):  
Crown Rust ◽  
Santa Fe ◽  
Rhamnus Cathartica ◽  
Physiologic Race ◽  
Alternate Host ◽  
Oat Crown Rust ◽  
Standard Set ◽  
Physiologic Races ◽  
New Races ◽  
Differential Varieties

The physiologic race composition of isolates of oat crown rust, Puccinia coronata Corda f. sp. avenae Erikss., from aecia on buckthorn, Rhamnus cathartica L., was correlated with the races isolated from oats, Avena saliva L., in southwestern Ontario and Manitoba respectively. Among the races isolated from aecia in each region, predominant were virulent races which were isolated also from infected oats growing in the buckthorn areas. This suggests strongly that the alternate host is important in initiating crown rust epiphytotics.Races virulent on Landhafer and Santa Fe oats comprised 52% of the isolates from oats and 45% of the isolates from buckthorn in Manitoba. Isolates from oats and buckthorn in Ontario were also correlated, with the most prevalent races being those virulent on Victoria and Bond. They comprised 55% and 45% of the isolates from the principal and alternate hosts respectively.Eight races of crown rust recently discovered in Canada are described in terms of their reactions on the standard set of differential varieties. It is suggested that hybridization on the alternate host would adequately account for the origin of these new races.

The effectiveness of resistance genes from wild oats, Avena sterilis, against oat crown rust, Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenue, in Canada in 1969

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 2117-2121
Author(s):  
George Fleischmann
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Avena Sterilis ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Oat Crown Rust

All isolates of oat crown rust, Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae, identified in Canada in 1969 were inoculated onto 12 different lines containing resistance from wild oats, Avena sterilis, collected in Europe and the Middle East. Lines that contain resistance genes Pc-38 and Pc-39, and wild oat collections CI 8081 and F158, provide effective resistance to nearly every culture of crown rust. Regional differences in the level of virulence of crown rust cultures isolated from eastern and western Canada were observed on lines that contain A. sterilis resistance, with cultures of crown rust isolated from the east being generally less virulent than those from western Canada.

Restriction fragment length polymorphisms linked to genes for resistance to crown rust (Puccinia coronata) in near-isogenic lines of hexaploid oat (Avena sativa)

Genome ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 823-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Bush ◽  
R. P. Wise ◽  
P. J. Rayapati ◽  
M. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Restriction Fragment ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Near Isogenic Lines ◽  
Isogenic Lines ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

Crown rust, perhaps the most important fungal disease of oat, is caused by Puccinia coronata. An examination of near-isogenic lines (NILs) of hexaploid oat (Avena sativa) was conducted to identify markers linked to genes for resistance to crown rust. These lines were created such that a unique resistance gene is present in each of the two recurrent parent backgrounds. The six NILs of the current study, X434-II, X466-I, and Y345 (recurrent parent C237-89) and D486, D494, and D526 (recurrent parent Lang), thus provide a pair of lines to study each of three resistance genes. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms and resistance loci were mapped using BC1F2 populations. Three markers were found linked to a locus for resistance to crown rust race 203, the closest at 1.9 cM in line D494 and 3.8 cM in line X466-I. In lines D526 and Y345 a marker was placed 1.0 and 1.9 cM, respectively, from the locus conferring resistance to crown rust race 345, and in D486 and X434-II a marker mapped at 8.0 and 10.2 cM from the locus for resistance to rust race 264B.Key words: genetics, disease resistance, monocots, near-isogenic lines.

Resistance of genes isolated from Avena sterilis to isolates of oat crown rust prevalent in Canada in 1968

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-623
Author(s):  
George Fleischmann
Keyword(s):  
Crown Rust ◽  
The Other ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Avena Sterilis ◽  
Oat Crown Rust

Lines of Pendek each containing a single Avena sterilis gene (Pc-38, Pc-39, Pc-40, Pc-41, and Pc-42) were tested to 116 isolates of Puccinia coronata var. avenae identified in Canada in 1968. None of the isolates attacked gene Pc-39 and only two isolates (races 290 and 326) attacked Pc-38. The other A. sterilis genes were not particularly effective against these crown rust isolates.

INHERITANCE OF RESISTANCE TO PUCCINIA CORONATA AVENAE AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH SEED CHARACTERISTICS IN FOUR ACCESSIONS OF AVENA STERILIS

1976 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 717-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Kiehn ◽  
R. I. H. McKenzie ◽  
D. E. Harder
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Seed Color ◽  
Inheritance Of Resistance ◽  
Avena Sterilis ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Oat Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata Avenae

The inheritance of resistance to oat crown rust Puccinia coronata Cda. f. sp. avenae Eriks. was studied in four accessions of Avena sterilis L. Three of the accessions, CAV 4963, CAV 1358 and CAV 1376, originated from Israel, and one, CAV 1964, from Algeria. Seedling rust tests on F2 backcross families indicated that a single recessive gene, Pc-55, in CAV 4963 conditioned seedling resistance to 10 of 12 crown rust isolates tested. In CAV 1964, a single dominant gene Pc-56 conferred resistance in both the adult and seedling stages to all crown rust isolates tested except race 239, while a second dominant gene conditioned resistance to only two of the twelve cultures used. From adult and seedling tests it appeared that the resistance in CAV 1358 and CAV 1376 was conditioned by a number of recessive minor additive genes. The genes Pc-55 and Pc-56 are not allelic with the A. sterilis derived genes Pc-35, Pc-38, Pc-40, Pc-45, Pc-46, Pc-47, Pc-48, and Pc-50. Genes Pc-39 and Pc-55 are either very closely linked or allelic and Pc-56 is not closely linked to either Pc-39 or Pc-55. The usefulness of genes Pc-55 and Pc-56 was demonstrated in tests which showed that both genes were effective against 99.8 and 94.5%, respectively, of all crown rust cultures isolated in Canada in 1974 and 1975. The genes for seed color and awn character did not appear to be linked to the crown rust resistance genes. In CAV 4963, CAV 1358 and CAV 1376 the genes for grey color and wild type awns appeared to be linked with recombination values of about 2, 23 and 18%, respectively.

scholarly journals Inheritance and Efficiency of Crown Rust Resistancein the Line Pc 50-4 (Avena sterilis L.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Klenová ◽  
J. Šebesta
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Avena Sterilis ◽  
Oat Crown Rust ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High

Pc 50-4, gene of resistance to oat crown rust, is a member of the set of genes transferred to cultivated Avena sativa L. from wild Avena sterilis L. In our study, a high level of the efficiency of Pc 50-4 in the control of a number of pathotypes originating from different regions of Europe and Middle East, collected in 2000–2004, is demonstrated. Only 5 pathotypes from different geographical areas were virulent to Pc 50-4 out of the total of 71 tested isolates. The efficiency of the gene Pc 50-4 is 0.9296. This value is well comparable with the very high efficiency of the set of genes which are commonly used as differentials in the Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague as well as with genes successfully used in breeding resistance programmes in North America. Hybridological F2 and F3 analyses performed in field and glasshouse conditions show that in the Pc 50-4 line the resistance to two recently identified pathotypes of oat crown rust is conditioned by one major gene as well.  

INHERITANCE OF CROWN RUST RESISTANCE IN THREE ACCESSIONS OF AVENA STERILIS

1980 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Harder ◽  
R. I. H. McKenzie ◽  
J. W. Martens
Keyword(s):  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Inheritance Of Resistance ◽  
Single Dominant Gene ◽  
Avena Sterilis ◽  
Oat Crown Rust ◽  
Crown Rust Resistance ◽  
Resistance Spectrum ◽  
Dominant Genes

The inheritance of resistance to oat crown rust was studied in three accessions of Avena sterilis L. Accession CAV 4274 originated from Morocco, CAV 4540 from Algeria, and CAV 3695 from Tunisia. Seedling rust tests on F2 backcross families indicated the presence of two dominant genes for crown rust resistance in CAV 4274. One of these, a gene conditioning resistance to most races tested, was linked or allelic to gene Pc-38, and was designated gene Pc-62. The second gene conferred resistance only to one of the six races studied, and was not tested further. In CAV 4540, a single dominant gene, Pc-63 was possibly allelic with Pc-62 and linked or allelic to Pc-38. Genes Pc-62 and 63 are generally similar to Pc-38 in their resistance spectrum, but these three genes are differentiated by races CR 102, CR 103, and CR 107. A single dominant gene in CAV 3695 appeared to be Pc-50.

Assessment of virulence patterns in crown rust populations

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 613-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Fleischmann
Keyword(s):  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Differential Host ◽  
Oat Crown Rust ◽  
Virulence Pattern ◽  
Continued Use ◽  
Race Identification

Two methods of determining the virulence pattern of oat crown rust, Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae, populations collected in 1965, 1966, and 1967, in Eastern and Western Canada were compared. The results with a single-pustule isolate from each of 50 field collections were as accurate as those obtained with two single-pustule isolates from 100 or more field collections. The continued use of Bond and Ukraine as differential host varieties is of little value except for purposes of race identification, because they are attacked by most of the isolates.

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