Survival of Cochliobolus sativus conidia in pure culture and in natural soil at different relative humidities

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 1893-1896 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Ledingham
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Cochliobolus Sativus ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Increased Temperature ◽  
Spore Longevity

Conidia of Cochliobolus sativus cultured on sterile wheat straw were nearly 100% germinable after 52 months when maintained at relative humidity of 50% or lower. At higher relative humidity, spore longevity was much reduced. Increased temperature decreased spore longevity. Comparable results were obtained in natural soil.

Survival of Endocronartium harknessii teliospores in a simulated airborne state

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 928-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kan-Fa Chang ◽  
P. V. Blenis
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Spider Webs ◽  
Considerable Potential ◽  
Good Ability ◽  
Endocronartium Harknessii ◽  
Spore Longevity ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Increasing Temperature

The effects of temperature and relative humidity (RH) on the survival of Endocronartium harknessii teliospores and the longevity of these spores out of doors during daylight hours were studied. In one experiment, fresh and liquid-nitrogen-stored spores of E. harknessii were impacted onto spider webs or plastic threads and incubated in darkness at temperatures of 6, 15, and 24 °C and RHs of 39 and 98%. Survival was measured after 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 days. Spore longevity decreased with increasing temperature and was lower at 98 than at 39% RH. In a second experiment, spores were impacted onto spider webs and placed out of doors on clear days. Viability decreased linearly with time and averaged 33% after 12 h. The data suggest that E. harknessii has relatively good ability to survive in an airborne state and thus would have considerable potential for long distance spread.

The relationship between the spore density of Cochliobolus sativus in soil and its saprophytic activity and parasitism

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (32) ◽  
pp. 371 ◽  
Author(s):  
LW Burgess ◽  
DM Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Cochliobolus Sativus ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Seedling Infection

Both saprophytic colonization of wheat straw and seedling infection by Cochlioholus sativus (Ito and Kur.) Drechsl. ex Dastur, which causes common root rot of wheat, were correlated with spore density. The results indicate that straw colonization is possible at 10�C even when the spore density is too low to cause seedling infection. Saprophytic activity may thus raise the spore density over the threshold necessary for parasitism.

scholarly journals Increasing Trend of Pan Evaporation over the Semiarid Loess Plateau under a Warming Climate

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 2007-2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Wenyu Wang ◽  
Sheng Wang ◽  
Liang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Cloud Cover ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Pan Evaporation ◽  
Increased Temperature ◽  
The World ◽  
Low Cloud ◽  
Low Cloud Cover

AbstractIn most parts of the world, pan evaporation decreases with increased air temperature rather than increases, which is known as the “evaporation paradox.” The semiarid Loess Plateau, which is sensitive to global climate change and ecological variations, has a unique warming and drying climate. The authors of this study consider whether pan evaporation shows the same decreasing trend in this unique environment. Meteorological observations of the typical semiarid Dingxi in the Loess Plateau from 1960 to 2010 were used to analyze the variation in pan evaporation and its responses to climatic factors. It was found that the pan evaporation has increased considerably over the past 50 yr, which does not support the evaporation paradox proposed in previous studies. A multifactor model developed to simulate the independent impacts of climate factors on pan evaporation indicated that the temperature, humidity, wind speed, and low cloud cover variations contributed to pan evaporation by 46.18%, 25.90%, 2.48%, and 25.44%, respectively. The increased temperature, decreased relative humidity, and decreased low cloud cover all caused an increase in pan evaporation, unlike many parts of the world where increased low cloud cover offsets the effects of increased temperature and decreased relative humidity on pan evaporation. This may explain why the evaporation paradox occurs. If all relevant factors affecting pan evaporation are considered, it is possible the paradox will not occur. Thus in warm and drying regions, the increased pan evaporation will lead to increasingly arid conditions, which may exacerbate drought and flood disaster occurrences worldwide.

Degradation of plant wastes by anaerobic process using rumen bacteria

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Seon ◽  
C. Creuly ◽  
D. Duchez ◽  
A. Pons ◽  
C.G. Dussap
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Anaerobic Condition ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Fibrobacter Succinogenes ◽  
Rumen Bacteria ◽  
Anaerobic Process ◽  
Lignocellulosic Wastes ◽  
Strict Anaerobic Condition

An operational reactor has been designed for the fermentation of a pure culture of Fibrobacter succinogenes with the constraints of strict anaerobic condition. The process is controlled by measurements of pH, redox, temperature and CO2 pressure; it allows an efficient degradation (67%) of lignocellulosic wastes such as a mixture of wheat straw, soya bean cake and green cabbage.

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