Metabolic responses of bush bean plants to naphthenate application

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 861-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. A. Fattah ◽  
D. J. Wort
Keyword(s):  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Phosphoglycerate Kinase ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Phosphorylase Activity ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Significant Stimulation ◽  
Bush Bean ◽  
Lower Light ◽  
Stimulation Of

A 0.5% aqueous spray of potassium naphthenates was applied to the foliage of 14-day-old plants of bush bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L. cultivar Top Crop, and the plants were then grown under light intensities of 16.1, 10.76, and 5.38 klx at 26 °C for 7, 14, and 21 days. Photosynthesis, dark respiration, and phosphorylase activity were significantly greater (0.05 level) in treated plants at the end of all three growth periods under all light conditions. Significant stimulation of phosphoglycerate kinase developed more slowly under the lower light intensities. The stimulation of nitrate reductase and glutamic–pyruvic transaminase in treated plants reached a significant level between 7 and 14 days after treatment, and subsequently increased. The percentage increases of all the processes, over corresponding values in control plants, were greatest in plants grown at the highest light intensity.

Interactions entre mitochondries et chloroplastes dans la cellule. II. Action du DBMIB, de l'antimycine A et du FCCP sur la spore de Funaria hygrometrica

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 1650-1659 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Chevallier ◽  
R. Douce ◽  
F. Nurit
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
High Light ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Oxygen Production ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Funaria Hygrometrica ◽  
Light Intensities

The effect of DBMIB, antimycine A, and FCCP on respiration and photosynthesis of intact chlorophyllic moss (Funaria hygrometrica) spore was investigated.Antimycine A (1 μM) strongly inhibited dark respiration, was without effect on photosynthesis at high light intensities (above the saturation plateau values), and stimulated photosynthesis at low light intensities (below the saturation plateau values).DBMIB (3 μM) inhibited photosynthesis and was without effect, even under light conditions, on the dark respiration. Low amount of FCCP (3 μM) partially inhibited oxygen production at high light intensities. In this case, the inhibition observed was partially relieved by 1 μM antimycine A or 30 μM of KCN; higher concentration of FCCP totally inhibited the oxygen production.It seems likely, therefore, that in the chlorophyllic moss spore the cytochrome oxidase pathway is not functioning under high light intensities and that this inhibition of respiration is attributable to the low cytoplasmic ADP:ATP ratio.

STIMULATION OF VEGETATIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE GROWTH OF BUSH BEAN PLANTS BY NAPHTHENATES

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 791-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Wort
Keyword(s):  
Single Application ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Bush Bean ◽  
Stems And Leaves ◽  
Multiple Treatments ◽  
Vegetative And Reproductive Growth ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Stimulation Of

Plants of bush bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L., were sprayed with solutions of sodium and potassium naphthenates in the concentrations 50, 100, 500, 1000, 2500, and 5000 ppm. The treatments were applied when the plants were two, three, five, and seven weeks old, and also at various combinations of these times. A single application of 5000 ppm naphthenate to two-week-old plants, and multiple applications which included treatment of plants at this primary leaf stage of growth, resulted in the greatest stimulation to juvenile growth, measured as fresh and dry weights of stems and leaves, four weeks after treatment. This treatment also resulted in the greatest increase in green pod yield (20%), seven weeks after spraying, and in ripe seed production (8%). No advantage resulted from multiple treatments in these instances.

Cold tolerance and winter hardiness in Lolium perenne: II. Influence of light and temperature during growth and hardening

1973 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Lawrence ◽  
J. P. Cooper ◽  
E. L. Breese
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Lower Light ◽  
Light Input

SummaryIn the first paper of this series it was shown that Lolium perenne material required hardening periods involving low, but above freezing, temperatures before frost tolerance was achieved. The present experiments show that the light conditions during the hardening and prehardening periods are also important. At both stages a reduction in total light energy reduced subsequent cold tolerance but the relative effects of light intensity and photoperiod differed between the prehardening and hardening treatments. Thus low light input during the hardening period at 2 CC reduced cold tolerance most when given at higher intensities over shorter days (8 h) while during the prehardening growing period at 20 °C the reduction was greatest when the lower light input was given at low intensity over longer days (16 h).Varieties of different climatic origins reacted differentially to the treatments. The Mediterranean variety Fano was particularly adversely affected by low light intensities during hardening and also benefited from higher temperatures during the prehardening growing period. With higher light intensities and higher growth temperatures this Mediterranean variety approached the more northern material in cold tolerance; but as a corollary it was clear that the N. European variety Veja was able to harden under lower light conditions, and lower growing temperatures. The varieties Melle and S. 321 from intermediate latitudes, were intermediate in response.Although water soluble carbohydrate content was increased during the hardening period, except at the lowest light intensity (2·9 W/m2), no simple relationship between the WSC content and the cold tolerance of the different varieties could be detected.The results provide a useful guide to the pre-treatments necessary to discriminate between varieties for cold tolerance in such a way that the results can be correlated with field performance.

scholarly journals Preliminary investigation on the interaction between some physiological processes in donors and acceptors of assimilates

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Starck
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Natural Light ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
P Absorption

The interaction between physiological processes in donors and acceptors of <sup>14</sup>C-assimilates was studied in sunflower and bean plants with temporarily limited supply of assimilates (shading a few days and then replacing in natural light conditions (NL)). An extended period of shading (4-7 days) affected growth of plants and reduced photosynthetic activity, especially in sunflower. The proportion of <sup>14</sup>C-transported to roots decreased and that to the stern increased as an effect of preshading and did not significantly change in plants replaced in natural light conditions a few days before <sup>14</sup>CO<sub>2</sub>-exposure. In preshaded blades and roots the rate of dark respiration decreased, but soon improved after a few days of NL conditions following the shading period. Absorption of <sup>32</sup>P coincided with root respiration and sugar content in bean plant, in contrast to sunflower where <sup>32</sup>P-absorption, calculated per l g of root dry matter in preshaded plants exceeded that in control ones.

Some metabolic responses of bush bean plants to a subherbicidal concentration of certain s-triazine compounds

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 2213-2217 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Singh ◽  
D. K. Salunkhe
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Nitrate Reduction ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Transaminase Activity ◽  
Starch Phosphorylase ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Bush Bean

A solution containing 0.5 p.p.m. of atrazine, simazine, igran, or GS-14254 with 0.2% triton-B 1956 was applied to the foliage of 11-day-old seedlings of bush beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L. cultivar Tender-green, growing on vermiculite in a controlled environment. The activities of nitrate reductase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, α-amylase, starch phosphorylase, and adenosine triphosphatase were determined 5,10, and 20 days after treatment. In general, the activity of each of the five enzymes was stimulated by the treatment. The results suggest that protein increase following the application of.s-triazines to bean plants may stem in part from an enhanced rate of amino acid formation resulting from the induced increment in nitrate reductase and transaminase activity. The application of these chemicals also creates a metabolic condition favorable for greater use of carbohydrates needed for nitrate reduction and protein synthesis, and as a source of organic acid synthesis.

The promotion of flowering in large field-grown Sitka spruce by girdling and stem injections of gibberellin A4/7

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Philipson
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Large Field ◽  
Significant Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

Mature 14-year-old grafted Piceasitchensis (Bong.) Carr. which were field grown and 6 m tall were given stem injections of gibberellin A4/7 (GA4/7) alone and in combination with girdling. The GA4/7 was applied twice, at 100 or 250 mg per application. GA4/7 alone produced a large and significant stimulation of the numbers of both pollen and seed cones, with means of about 200 pollen and 90 seed cones per tree, and 90% of the clones flowering; both levels of GA4/7 application stimulated flowering to approximately the same extent. The girdling treatment enhanced flowering when environmental conditions facilitated light flowering of the controls, and also increased the response to 100 mg GA4/7. The stimulation of flowering was carried over into the 2nd year after treatment, but only when both girdling and GA4/7 had been applied together.

scholarly journals Hybrid tea-roses under controlled light conditions. 2. Flowering of seedlings as dependent on the level of irradiance.

1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-132
Author(s):  
D.P. de Vries ◽  
L. Smeets
Keyword(s):  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Light Requirement ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Light Intensities

Under the experimental conditions described in the preceding abstract, mortality increased with decreasing light intensities. The percentage of flowering seedlings increased and that of aborting ones decreased with irradiance. For the populations studied, no genotype-environment interactions for the percentages of flowering seedlings occurred. A selection procedure for roses with a low light requirement for flowering is considered. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Stomatal aperture can compensate altered stomatal density in Arabidopsis thaliana at growth light conditions

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Büssis ◽  
Uritza von Groll ◽  
Joachim Fisahn ◽  
Thomas Altmann
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
High Light ◽  
Stomatal Aperture ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Light Intensities

Stomatal density of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants over-expressing the SDD1 (stomatal density and distribution) gene was reduced to 40% and in the sdd1-1 mutant increased to 300% of the wild type. CO2 assimilation rate and stomatal conductance of over-expressers and the sdd1-1 mutant were unchanged compared with wild types when measured under the light conditions the plants were exposed to during growth. Lower stomatal density was compensated for by increased stomatal aperture and conversely, increased stomatal density was compensated for by reduced stomatal aperture. At high light intensities the assimilation rates and stomatal conductance of SDD1 over-expressers were reduced to 80% of those in wild type plants. Areas beneath stomata and patches lacking stomata were analysed separately. In areas without stomata, maximum fluorescence yield (Fv / Fm) and quantum yield of photosystem II (Φ PSII) were significantly lower than in areas beneath stomata. In areas beneath stomata, Fv / Fm and Φ PSII were identical to levels measured in wild type leaves. At high light intensities over-expressers showed decreased photochemical quenching (qP) compared with wild types. However, the decrease of qP was significantly stronger in areas without stomata than in mesophyll areas beneath stomata. At high CO2 partial pressures and high light intensities CO2 assimilation rates of SDD1 over-expressers did not reach wild type levels. These results indicate that photosynthesis in SDD1 over-expressers was reduced because of limiting CO2 in areas furthest from stomata at high light.

scholarly journals On the Minimum Quantum Requirement of Photosynthesis

2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 673-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuzeir Zeinalov
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Oxygen Evolution ◽  
Quantum Efficiency ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Linear Part ◽  
Light Curves ◽  
Quantum Requirement ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Maximum Quantum Efficiency

An analysis of the shape of photosynthetic light curves is presented and the existence of the initial non-linear part is shown as a consequence of the operation of the non-cooperative (Kok’s) mechanism of oxygen evolution or the effect of dark respiration. The effect of nonlinearity on the quantum efficiency (yield) and quantum requirement is reconsidered. The essential conclusions are: 1) The non-linearity of the light curves cannot be compensated using suspensions of algae or chloroplasts with high (>1.0) optical density or absorbance. 2) The values of the maxima of the quantum efficiency curves or the values of the minima of the quantum requirement curves cannot be used for estimation of the exact value of the maximum quantum efficiency and the minimum quantum requirement. The estimation of the maximum quantum efficiency or the minimum quantum requirement should be performed only after extrapolation of the linear part at higher light intensities of the quantum requirement curves to “0” light intensity

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