Colonization, isolation, and cultural descriptions of Thelephora terrestris and other ectomycorrhizal fungi of shortleaf pine seedlings grown in fumigated soil

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald H. Marx ◽  
W. Craig Bryan ◽  
Larry F. Grand
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Copper Sulfate ◽  
Mercuric Chloride ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Thelephora Terrestris ◽  
Pine Seedlings

Nineteen fungal symbionts were isolated from ectomycorrhizae of 7- to 9-month-old shortleaf pine seedlings grown in heavily fumigated soil in a greenhouse. Cultural and chemical characterization revealed five distinct cultural groups. One symbiont group was culturally identical with isolates of Thelephora terrestris, a primary symbiont colonizer of fumigated soil. The other four groups of ectomycorrhizal fungi belonged to different species. Numerous surface sterilants were tested in attempts to isolate symbionts, but only mercuric chloride (100 p.p.m.) and copper sulfate (2.5 and 5%) were effective.

scholarly journals Ectomycorrhizal Fungi Associated with Pinus densiflora Seedlings under Flooding Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4367
Author(s):  
Yoonhee Cho ◽  
Shinnam Yoo ◽  
Myung Soo Park ◽  
Ji Seon Kim ◽  
Chang Sun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Pinus Densiflora ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Thelephora Terrestris ◽  
Suillus Luteus ◽  
Flooding Stress ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Rhizopogon Luteolus

Flooding is an environmental stress for plants that not only limits aeration and nutrient acquisition, but also disturbs underground plant-associated fungal communities. Despite frequent flooding, red pine (Pinus densiflora) seedlings thrive in streamside environments. However, whether the compatible ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) of red pine are affected by natural flooding is unclear. As EMF are vital symbionts for the development of many trees and allow them to overcome various environmental stresses, in this study, the EMF species associated with red pine seedlings in a streamside environment in Korea were investigated after flooding. The EMF species in 47 seedlings collected from the streamside site were identified by observing their different morphotypes using internal transcribed spacer sequence analysis, and a total of 10 EMF species were identified. The EMF species diversity was lower than that in samples collected from a nearby forest analyzed as a control. The dominant EMF species of streamside seedlings included Amphinema spp., Rhizopogon luteolus, Suillus luteus, and Thelephora terrestris. This study could serve as a basis for investigating the mechanisms by which advantageous EMF aid plant development under flooding stress.

Intraspecific and interspecific growth variation of ectomycorrhizal fungi at different temperatures

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 869-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Cline ◽  
Raymond C. France ◽  
C. P. Patrick Reid
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cenococcum Geophilum ◽  
Thelephora Terrestris ◽  
Temperature Optima

Geographically distinct isolates of the ectomycorrhizal fungi Pisolithus tinctorius, Cenococcum geophilum, Thelephora terrestris, and Suillus granulatus showed definite temperature optima for growth in pure culture. Temperatures promoting the greatest fungal growth varied interspecifically and intraspecifically over the temperature treatments of 16, 21, 27, 32, and 38 °C. Of the four fungal species, Pisolithus tinctorius exhibited the greatest growth at the higher temperature treatments, with growth optima for all isolates occurring between 21 and 32 °C. The maximum temperature for growth of Cenococcum geophilum was 27 °C, with optimal mycelial growth occurring between 16 and 27 °C, depending upon the particular isolate considered. Suillus granulatus showed greatest mycelial growth at 27 °C and below, with temperature optima for the different isolates ranging from 16 to 32 °C. The pure-culture growth of Thelephora terrestris was high relative to the other fungal species examined with growth optima between 21 and 27 °C. The degree of intraspecific variation of mycelial growth in response to temperature was high for all fungal species, indicating the existence of physiologically distinct genotypes. Attempts to relate fungal growth performance to geographic origin of isolate showed a trend for Pisolithus tinctorius. However, no such relationships were apparent for the other species.

Survival and Growth of Container-Grown and Bare-Root Shortleaf Pine Seedlings with Pisolithus and Thelephora Ectomycorrhizae

1981 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Ruehle ◽  
Donald H. Marx ◽  
James P. Barnett ◽  
William H. Pawuk
Keyword(s):  
National Forest ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Thelephora Terrestris ◽  
Containerized Seedlings ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Bare Root ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Bare-root and container-grown shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) seedlings with Pisolithus tinctorius and Thelephora terrestris ectomycorrhizae were outplanted on two reforestation sites on the Ouachita National Forest. On the better site, survival and growth of containerized seedlings were better than that of bare-root seedlings. On the poorer site, the reverse was true. Mycorrhizal treatment provided no consistent advantage for survival and growth for containerized seedlings. However, bare-root seedlings with half or more of their ectomycorrhizae formed by P. tinctorius before planting had greater survival and growth on both sites than seedlings with lesser amounts of Pisolithus ectomycorrhizae. The difference in mycorrhizal treatments among containerized and bareroot seedlings are discussed.

Distributions and Compositions of Brominated Diphenyl Ethers-209 in Pine Seedlings Inoculated with Ectomycorrhizal Fungi

2019 ◽  
Vol 230 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhugui Wen ◽  
Mengyu Chen ◽  
Huilong Lu ◽  
Shiqi Huang ◽  
Jincheng Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Brominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Diphenyl Ethers

Structural role of copper in the minerals of the pearceite-polybasite group: the case of the new minerals cupropearceite and cupropolybasite

2007 ◽  
Vol 71 (06) ◽  
pp. 641-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bindi ◽  
M. Evain ◽  
P. G. Spry ◽  
K. T. Tait ◽  
S. Menchetti
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Sample Space ◽  
The Other ◽  
Crystal Chemical ◽  
Structural Position ◽  
Space Group ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Own Name

Abstract The pearceite-polybasite group of minerals, general formula [M6T2S7][Ag9CuS4] with M = Ag, Cu; and T = As, Sb, show a crystal structure which can be described as the succession, along the c axis, of two pseudo-layer modules: a [M6T2S7]2– A module layer and a [Ag9CuS4]2+ B module layer. Copper is present in one structural position of the B module layer and replaces Ag in the only fully occupied M position of the A module layer. When the Cu content is >4.00 a.p.f.u., the structural position of the A module layer becomes Cu-dominant and, consequently, the mineral deserves its own name. In this paper we report the crystal-chemical characterization of two Cu-rich members exhibiting the 111 unitcell type (corresponding to the Tac polytype). One sample (space group (P )m1, a 7.3218(8), c 11.8877(13) Å, V 551.90(10) Å3, Z = 1) having As >Sb and with the structural position of the A module layer dominated by Cu, has been named cupropearceite and the other sample (space group (P3̄)m1, a 7.3277(3), c 11.7752(6) Å, V 547.56(8) Å3, Z = 1) having Sb >As has been named cupropolybasite. Both the new minerals and mineral names have been approved by the IMA-CNMNC.

The ability of ectomycorrhizal fungi to utilize fatty acids and a lipid as a carbon source for mycelial growth

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (12) ◽  
pp. 1285-1292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takefumi Hattori ◽  
Akira Ohta ◽  
Masayuki Itaya ◽  
Mikio Shimada
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Family ◽  
Ecm Fungi ◽  
Relative Utilization

We have investigated growth of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi (i.e., 55 strains of 32 species in 15 genera) on saturated (palmitate), monounsaturated (oleate), diunsaturated (linoleate), triunsaturated (linolenate) fatty acids, and the triacylglyceride of oleate (triolein) lipid to elucidate an ability to utilize the fatty acids and lipid as a carbon source for growth. Relative utilization ratios (URs, %) based on mycelial growth on glucose suggest that ECM fungi belonging to the family Thelephoraceae have an ability to utilize palmitate. On the other hand, ECM fungi in the genus Laccaria can utilize at least either palmitate or oleate. Furthermore, Hygropharus russula grows on palmitate, oleate, and slightly on triolein. Lactarius chrysorrheus grows only on palmitate. These fatty-acid- and lipid-utilizing fungi may be promising as model fungi for further elucidation of the metabolic ability to utilize the fatty acids and lipid as a carbon source. On the contrary, the fungi in the genus Suillus were shown to scarcely utilize the fatty acids and lipid. Furthermore, most ECM fungi did not grow on either linoleate or linolenate.Key words: carbon source, ectomycorrhizal fungi, fatty acid, lipid, mycelial growth.

scholarly journals “Does Community Make Any Sense?” A Semantic Analysis of the Term “Community” Among Albanian Immigrants and Italian Majority Residents

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terri Mannarini ◽  
Alessia Rochira
Keyword(s):  
Community Psychology ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Relations ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Diverse Communities ◽  
Albanian Immigrants

Bridging Community Psychology and the Theory of Social Representations, the study was aimed at exploring how the concept of community and sense of belonging to various communities vary across diverse ethno-cultural groups (namely, immigrant and native-born groups) and how the meanings and the experience of community affect or are affected by the relationships that each group establishes with the other group. Participants were 30 native-born Italians and 30 immigrants from Albania lived in an area located in the south-east of Italy. They participated in an open-ended semi-structured interview, which was analysed using T-Lab software. Results indicated that the concept of community and sense of belonging to multiple communities do vary across diverse ethno-cultural groups and that each group is cross-cut by multiple axes of differentiation, one of which is linked to the experience of inter-cultural relations. Furthermore, the findings indicated that the functions served by the diverse communities affect the representations shared by the distinct sub-groups and that the simultaneous orientation of individuals toward multiple communities stimulate the development of a compound and even conflicting sense of attachment towards them. Implications for acculturation processes are discussed.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF ASEPTICS IN SURGERY OF THE ABDOMINAL AND PELVIC CAVITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-108
Author(s):  
D. M. Kireev
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Mercuric Chloride ◽  
General Surgery ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pelvic Cavity ◽  
Pelvic Organs ◽  
Concentration Of Solutions ◽  
Carbolic Acid ◽  
The One

The widespread use of the antiseptic or anti-rotting method in the last 20 years, which has yielded brilliant results both in general surgery, and especially in the surgical treatment of diseases of the abdominal and pelvic organs, also has its disadvantages, the main one of which undoubtedly should be considered poisoning when using various anti-rotting medicines. In the literature there is already a rich casuistic material of deadly poisoning when used as an anesthetic, iodoform, carbolic acid, mercuric chloride, etc., etc. antiseptics or antiseptic method of treatment, despite the quick and brilliant success, still left much to be desired and made, during this entire 20-year period, both in laboratory and at the bedside of the patient, to look for means to disinfect the wound, with on the one hand, and not having a harmful effect on patients and those around them, on the other. Carbolic acid was replaced by iodine preparations, iodine preparations with mercuric chloride preparations, mercuric chloride boric acid, copper sulfate, creolin, lysol and many others, some of which have already been abandoned, some are still being tested. The degree of concentration of solutions changed, the time of their contact with the early was limited, and nevertheless, cases of poisoning, which, however, became less common, nevertheless did occur.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK AKAR BEREKTOMIKORIZA PADA Shorea pinanga, Pinus merkusii DAN Gnetum gnemon

PERENNIAL ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Melya Riniarti ◽  
Irdika Mansur ◽  
Arum Sekar Wulandari ◽  
Cecep Kusmana
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Clamp Connection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Branching Pattern ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Hartig Net ◽  
Gnetum Gnemon ◽  
Pinus Merkusii

Morphology and anatomy characteristics often used to identify ectomycorrhizal fungi. We used three Scleroderma spp. (Scleroderma columnare, S. dictyosporum), and S. sinnamariense) and inoculated to Shorea pinanga, Pinus merkusii, and Gnetum gnemon. After 6,8, and 10 months, each root tips were collected to determined hyphae colour, branching pattern, clamp-connection, hartig net and mantle. This result revealed that S. sinnamariense did not form association with S. pinanga and P. merkusii but form association with G. gnemon. On the other hand, S. columnare and S. dictyosporum could form association with all the host plants. S. columnare and S. dictyosporum formed white hyphae while S. sinnamariense formed yellow hyphae with monopodial branching pattern. The depth of hartig net and mantle was increased by timed. Key words: ectomycorrhizal fungi, hartig net, mantle, Scleroderma

scholarly journals Ectomycorrhizal fungi mediate indirect effects of a bark beetle outbreak on secondary chemistry and establishment of pine seedlings

2015 ◽  
Vol 208 (3) ◽  
pp. 904-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine Karst ◽  
Nadir Erbilgin ◽  
Gregory J. Pec ◽  
Paul W. Cigan ◽  
Ahmed Najar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Secondary Chemistry ◽  
Pine Seedlings
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