Aseptic synthesis of ectomycorrhizae on Pinus taeda by basidiospores of Thelephora terrestris

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald H. Marx ◽  
Eldon W. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Thelephora Terrestris ◽  
Pine Seedlings

Basidiospores of Thelephora terrestris introduced into root substrates of aseptic loblolly pine seedlings formed abundant ectomycorrhizae after 2½ months. Cultures isolated from the mycorrhizae were identical with the culture used to form the basidiocarp.

Carbofuran Affects Growth and Ectomycorrhizal Development of Loblolly Pine Seedlings

1984 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary L. DeBarr ◽  
Donald H. Marx
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Biological Interaction ◽  
Thelephora Terrestris ◽  
Greenhouse Test ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Nantucket Pine Tip Moth ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract Soil-incorporated carbofuran (Furadan®) at 0.44 g active ingredient (AI) per seedling reduced ectomycorrhizal development by Pisolithus tinctorius and growth of 1-0 loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings after five months in a greenhouse test. Seedlings with P. tinctorius ectomycorrhizae and without carbofuran were significantly taller and had greater top, root, and total fresh weights than those with any other insecticide-symbiont combination. Ectomycorrhizal development by Thelephora terrestris was not significantly affected by carbofuran. Carbofuran, especially at 0.22 or 0.44 g AI per seedling, reduced seedling growth regardless of ectomycorrhizal status. Results of this greenhouse test suggest a biological interaction between carbofuran and ectomycorrhizal fungi; additional studies are needed to determine if this effect also occurs under field conditions. However, the use of this insecticide to control the Nantucket pine tip moth or the pales and the pitch-eating weevils in outplantings has the biological potential to decrease the benefits of specific ectomycorrhizae to the survival and growth of loblolly pine.

scholarly journals The Association of a Longidorus Species with Stunting and Root Damage of Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda L.) Seedlings

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (7) ◽  
pp. 803-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen W. Fraedrich ◽  
Michelle M. Cram
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Seedling Root ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Proper Diagnosis ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

A Longidorus species was consistently associated with patches of stunted and chlorotic loblolly pine seedlings at a forest-tree nursery in Georgia. Seedlings from affected areas had poorly developed root systems that lacked lateral and feeder roots. Longidorus population densities in composite soil samples from the margins of patches ranged from 9 to 67 nematodes per 100 cm3 of soil. In a growth chamber experiment, seedling root dry weight decreased with respect to the initial Longidorus dose as well as the final Longidorus populations in containers. The dry root weight of seedlings were 0.117, 0.090, 0.066, and 0.065 g in containers initially infested with 0, 50, 100, and 200 Longidorus, respectively. Lateral and fine roots were lacking on seedlings at the highest doses. Populations of Longidorus increased in all containers during the experiment. Damage to loblolly pine seedlings caused by Longidorus is a previously undescribed problem in southern pine nurseries. Proper diagnosis of the problem by nematode testing laboratories may require the use of extraction techniques specific for larger nematodes such as Longidorus.

scholarly journals Washing Roots Reduces Vigor of Loblolly Pine Seedlings

2001 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
William A. Carey ◽  
David B. South ◽  
M. Williford ◽  
J. Britt
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Initial Height ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Bud Growth ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

Abstract Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings were lifted from two nurseries in Georgia, and the roots were washed using equipment built for that purpose. Seedlings then received two levels of storage and were outplanted not far from the nursery of origin (one loam soil and one sandy soil). Immediately after washing, root weights and the length of fine roots did not differ among wash treatments from either nursery. Survival was excellent for all treatments on the loam soil, but a single wash reduced survival by 5 to 10% when seedlings were planted in sand. Washing slowed the rate of budbreak and early height growth. Bud growth of seedlings planted in a stress pit (containing sand) was correlated with both root growth 1 month after planting (r = 0.36,P = 0.0003) and survival 2 months after planting (r =0.62,P = 0.01). Among seedlings outplanted on a sandy site, initial height growth also correlated with survival (r = 0.49,P = 0.007). South. J. Appl. For. 25(1):25–30.

Using silvicultural practices to regulate competition, resource availability, and growing conditions for Pinus palustris seedlings underplanted in Pinus taeda forests

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 902-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin O. Knapp ◽  
G. Geoff Wang ◽  
Joan L. Walker ◽  
Huifeng Hu
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Pinus Palustris ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Growing Conditions

In the southeastern United States, many forest managers are interested in restoring longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) to upland sites that currently support loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). We quantified the effects of four canopy treatments (uncut Control; MedBA, harvest to 9 m2·ha−1; LowBA, harvest to 5 m2·ha−1; and Clearcut) and three cultural treatments (NT, no treatment; H, herbicide release of longleaf pine seedlings; and H+F, herbicide release plus fertilization) on resource availability and growing conditions in relation to longleaf pine seedling response for 3 years. Harvesting treatments reduced competition from canopy trees but resulted in greater abundance of understory vegetation. Harvesting shifted the interception of light from the canopy to the subcanopy vegetation layer; however, total light availability at the forest floor increased with the intensity of canopy removal. Soil moisture was not affected by harvesting or by the cultural treatments. Foliar nutrient concentrations (N, P, and K) of longleaf pine seedlings generally increased with the intensity of the harvest treatment. Of the plant resources measured, we found that light was most strongly correlated with longleaf pine seedling growth and that incorporating the interception of light by subcanopy vegetation improved the relationship over that of canopy light transmittance alone.

scholarly journals Ultra-high CO2 Levels Enhance Loblolly Pine Seedling Growth, Morphogenesis, and Secondary Metabolism

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1083-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Tisserat ◽  
S.F. Vaughn
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
High Co2 ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Co2 Levels

The growth (fresh weight), morphogenesis (number of needles and roots and shoot length) and monoterpene (α- and β-pinene) levels were determined in Pinus taeda L. (loblolly pine) seedlings exposed to 350, 1,500, 3,000, 10,000, or 30,000 μmol·mol-1 CO2 for 30 days under greenhouse conditions. Seedlings exposed to ultra-high levels (i.e., ≥3000 μmol·mol-1 CO2) had significantly higher (P = 0.05) fresh weight, needle number, root number, and shoot lengths compared to seedlings grown under ambient air (350 μmol·mol-1 CO2). Seedling fresh weights, number of roots, shoot length, and number of needles from pine seedlings supplemented with 10,000 μmol·mol-1 CO2 increased 341%, 200%, 74%, and 75 %, respectively, when compared to seedlings grown without any CO2 enrichment. In addition, α- and β-pinene levels in seedlings increased under ultra-high CO2 levels. The dominant monoterpene, α-pinene, increased 57% in seedlings grown under 10,000 μmol·mol-1 CO2 compared to levels obtained under 350 μmol·mol-1 CO2.

Field Performance of Container-Grown Loblolly Pine Seedlings with Specific Ectomycorrhizae on a Reforestation Site In South Carolina

1982 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Ruehle
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Field Validation ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Root Collar

Abstract Container-grown loblolly pine seedlings (Pinus taeda L.) with Pisolithus tinctorius, Thelephora terrestris, or no ectomycorrhizae (control) were outplanted on a South Carolina reforestation site. Two years after planting, seedlings initially colonized with Pisolithus or Thelephora had greater survival, height, and root collar diameter than control seedlings. Growth data were integrated into seedling volume indices (D²H). Seedlings with ectomycorrhizae at planting had nearly a three-fold greater D²H than seedlings initially without ectomycorrhizae. These results provided additional field validation for the hypothesis regarding benefits of ectomycorrhizae on this type of planting stock.

Effects of CO2 enrichment and water stress on growth of Liquidambar styraciflua and Pinus taeda seedlings

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 2135-2139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie C. Tolley ◽  
B. R. Strain
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Liquidambar Styraciflua ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Pine Seedlings

Mathematical growth analysis techniques were used to assess the possible interactive effects of atmospheric carbon dioxide enrichment and water stress on growth and biomass partitioning of Liquidambar styraciflua L. (sweetgum) and Pinus taeda L. (loblolly pine) seedlings. Plants were grown from seed under 1000 μmol∙m−2∙s−1 photosynthetic photon flux density at CO2 concentrations of 350, 675, and 1000 μL∙L−1 for 56 days. At this time, half the seedlings in each CO2 treatment had water withheld until plant water potentials reached about −2.5 MPa in the most stressed plants, while the remaining plants were well watered. At the end of the drying cycle, stressed plants were returned to well-watered conditions for a 14-day recovery period. The greatest effects of water stress on growth were seen following the recovery period and were most severe for sweetgum seedlings grown at the lowest CO2 concentration. For sweetgum seedlings in particular, the reduction of early seedling growth following exposure to a period of drought under normal atmospheric CO2 concentration was ameliorated by growing plants under elevated CO2, primarily because of maintenance of greater net assimilation rates following a period of stress. The data presented here suggest that a doubling of atmospheric CO2 concentration would enable sweetgum seedlings to become established in drier sites which are currently dominated by loblolly pine seedlings.

Interaction Between Weed Control and Loblolly Pine,Pinus taeda, Seedling Quality

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Mitchell ◽  
Bruce R. Zutter ◽  
David B. South
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Diameter Class ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Herbaceous Weed Control ◽  
Root Collar

Third-year heights, third-year root-collar diameters, and 3 yr volume growth of loblolly pine seedlings were examined in relation to a) root-collar diameter class at time of planting and b) herbaceous weed control. Treatments were a) no weed control and b) complete control for 2 yr. For both weed control treatments, means for third-year heights, groundline diameters, and volume growth were related positively to initial seedling diameter. The influence of initial seedling diameter on third-year diameters and heights did not differ among weed control treatments. However, the influence of initial diameter on volume growth did differ among weed control treatments. Thus, when using herbaceous weed control, additional gains in early volume growth can be realized by planting seedlings with large root-collar diameters.

scholarly journals Nantucket Pine Tip Moth, Rhyacionia frustrana (Comstock) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

EDIS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 2005 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne N. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cooperative Extension Service ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Nantucket Pine Tip Moth ◽  
Rhyacionia Frustrana ◽  
Growth Loss ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

The Nantucket pine tip moth, Rhyacionia frustrana (Comstock), is a serious pest of young pine in plantations, wild pine seedlings in open areas, Christmas tree plantings, ornamental pines, and pine seed orchards in the United States. Growth loss and stem deformity, caused by larvae feeding inside growing shoots, buds, and conelets, can be considerable during the first five years when most damage occurs (Yates et al. 1981). The increasing population of a preferred host species, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), in Florida poses an ever-increasing problem of Nantucket pine tip moth infestations. This document is EENY-304 (originally published as DPI Entomology Circular 298), one of a series of Featured Creatures from the Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Published: August 2003.  EENY304/IN581: Nantucket Pine Tip Moth, Rhyacionia frustrana (Comstock) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (ufl.edu)

Herbaceous Weed Control with Hexazinone in Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda) Plantations

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 583-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Fitzgerald ◽  
J. C. Fortson
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Herbaceous Weed Control

Hexazinone [3-cyclohexyl-6-(dimethylamino)-1-methyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4 (1H, 3H)-dione] effectively controlled herbaceous weeds in a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation in 1975. Pine seedling height increased as a result of weed control following 1 to 3 kg/ha applications but phytotoxic symptoms were evident. A 1976 field study indicated activated charcoal root coatings may reduce phytotoxic action. Hexazinone at 3 and 4 kg/ha applied to either the foliage or the soil was toxic to potted pine seedlings in 1976. The addition of surfactant to hexazinone treatments at 2, 3, and 4 kg/ha increased pine phytotoxicity to unacceptable levels. When hexazinone was applied to soil at 2, 3, and 4 kg/ha, activated charcoal root coatings reduced pine mortality to acceptable levels on Norfolk sandy loam. Charcoal was less effective on Madison clay loam. Pine tolerance on both soils was acceptable at 2 kg/ha.

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