Effects of CO2 enrichment and water stress on growth of Liquidambar styraciflua and Pinus taeda seedlings

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 2135-2139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie C. Tolley ◽  
B. R. Strain
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Liquidambar Styraciflua ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Pine Seedlings

Mathematical growth analysis techniques were used to assess the possible interactive effects of atmospheric carbon dioxide enrichment and water stress on growth and biomass partitioning of Liquidambar styraciflua L. (sweetgum) and Pinus taeda L. (loblolly pine) seedlings. Plants were grown from seed under 1000 μmol∙m−2∙s−1 photosynthetic photon flux density at CO2 concentrations of 350, 675, and 1000 μL∙L−1 for 56 days. At this time, half the seedlings in each CO2 treatment had water withheld until plant water potentials reached about −2.5 MPa in the most stressed plants, while the remaining plants were well watered. At the end of the drying cycle, stressed plants were returned to well-watered conditions for a 14-day recovery period. The greatest effects of water stress on growth were seen following the recovery period and were most severe for sweetgum seedlings grown at the lowest CO2 concentration. For sweetgum seedlings in particular, the reduction of early seedling growth following exposure to a period of drought under normal atmospheric CO2 concentration was ameliorated by growing plants under elevated CO2, primarily because of maintenance of greater net assimilation rates following a period of stress. The data presented here suggest that a doubling of atmospheric CO2 concentration would enable sweetgum seedlings to become established in drier sites which are currently dominated by loblolly pine seedlings.

Effects of CO2 enrichment on growth of Liquidambarstyraciflua and Pinustaeda seedlings under different irradiance levels

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie C. Tolley ◽  
B. R. Strain
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
High Irradiance ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Pine Seedlings

Mathematical growth analysis techniques were used to assess the effects of atmospheric carbon dioxide enrichment on growth and biomass partitioning of Liquidambarstyraciflua L. (sweetgum) and Pinustaeda L. (loblolly pine) seedlings. Plants were grown from seed under high (1000 μmol•m−2•s−1) and low (250 μmol•m−2•s−1) photosynthetic photon flux density at CO2 concentrations of 350, 675, and 1000 μL•L−1 for 84 or 112–113 days. Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration significantly increased height, leaf area, basal stem diameter, and total dry weight of sweetgum seedlings grown under high irradiance and to a lesser extent under low irradiance. Increases in dry matter accumulation were associated with early CO2 enhancement of net assimilation rate, but increases in amount of leaf surface area contributed more towards maintenance of larger size as seedlings aged. For sweetgum seedlings in particular, reduction of growth by low irradiance under normal atmospheric CO2 was compensated for by growing plants with elevated CO2. In contrast, elevated CO2 concentration produced no significant increase in growth of loblolly pine seedlings.

Effects of CO2 enrichment and nutrition on growth, photosynthesis, and nutrient concentration of Alaskan tundra plant species

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 2993-2998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven F. Oberbauer ◽  
Nasser Sionit ◽  
Steven J. Hastings ◽  
Walter C. Oechel
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Ledum Palustre ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentrations ◽  
Alaskan Tundra

Three Alaskan tundra species, Carex bigelowii Torr., Betula nana L., and Ledum palustre L., were grown in controlled-environment chambers at two nutrition levels with two concentrations of atmospheric CO2 to assess the interactive effects of these factors on growth, photosynthesis, and tissue nutrient content. Carbon dioxide concentrations were maintained at 350 and 675 μL L−1 under photosynthetic photon flux densities of 450 μmol m−2 s−1 and temperatures of 20:15 °C (light:dark). Nutrient treatments were obtained by watering daily with 1/60- or 1/8- strength Hoagland's solution. Leaf, root, and total biomass were strongly enhanced by nutrient enrichment regardless of the CO2 concentration. In contrast, enriched atmospheric CO2 did not significantly affect plant biomass and there was no interaction between nutrition and CO2 concentration during growth. Leaf photosynthesis was increased by better nutrition in two species but was unchanged by CO2 enrichment during growth in all three species. The effects of nutrient addition and CO2 enrichment on tissue nutrient concentrations were complex and differed among the three species. The data suggest that CO2 enrichment with or without nutrient limitation has little effect on the biomass production of these three tundra species.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic Physiology of Blue, Green, and Red Light: Light Intensity Effects and Underlying Mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Liu ◽  
Marc W. van Iersel
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Response Curves

Red and blue light are traditionally believed to have a higher quantum yield of CO2 assimilation (QY, moles of CO2 assimilated per mole of photons) than green light, because green light is absorbed less efficiently. However, because of its lower absorptance, green light can penetrate deeper and excite chlorophyll deeper in leaves. We hypothesized that, at high photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), green light may achieve higher QY and net CO2 assimilation rate (An) than red or blue light, because of its more uniform absorption throughtout leaves. To test the interactive effects of PPFD and light spectrum on photosynthesis, we measured leaf An of “Green Tower” lettuce (Lactuca sativa) under red, blue, and green light, and combinations of those at PPFDs from 30 to 1,300 μmol⋅m–2⋅s–1. The electron transport rates (J) and the maximum Rubisco carboxylation rate (Vc,max) at low (200 μmol⋅m–2⋅s–1) and high PPFD (1,000 μmol⋅m–2⋅s–1) were estimated from photosynthetic CO2 response curves. Both QYm,inc (maximum QY on incident PPFD basis) and J at low PPFD were higher under red light than under blue and green light. Factoring in light absorption, QYm,abs (the maximum QY on absorbed PPFD basis) under green and red light were both higher than under blue light, indicating that the low QYm,inc under green light was due to lower absorptance, while absorbed blue photons were used inherently least efficiently. At high PPFD, the QYinc [gross CO2 assimilation (Ag)/incident PPFD] and J under red and green light were similar, and higher than under blue light, confirming our hypothesis. Vc,max may not limit photosynthesis at a PPFD of 200 μmol m–2 s–1 and was largely unaffected by light spectrum at 1,000 μmol⋅m–2⋅s–1. Ag and J under different spectra were positively correlated, suggesting that the interactive effect between light spectrum and PPFD on photosynthesis was due to effects on J. No interaction between the three colors of light was detected. In summary, at low PPFD, green light had the lowest photosynthetic efficiency because of its low absorptance. Contrary, at high PPFD, QYinc under green light was among the highest, likely resulting from more uniform distribution of green light in leaves.

scholarly journals The Association of a Longidorus Species with Stunting and Root Damage of Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda L.) Seedlings

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (7) ◽  
pp. 803-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen W. Fraedrich ◽  
Michelle M. Cram
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Seedling Root ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Proper Diagnosis ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

A Longidorus species was consistently associated with patches of stunted and chlorotic loblolly pine seedlings at a forest-tree nursery in Georgia. Seedlings from affected areas had poorly developed root systems that lacked lateral and feeder roots. Longidorus population densities in composite soil samples from the margins of patches ranged from 9 to 67 nematodes per 100 cm3 of soil. In a growth chamber experiment, seedling root dry weight decreased with respect to the initial Longidorus dose as well as the final Longidorus populations in containers. The dry root weight of seedlings were 0.117, 0.090, 0.066, and 0.065 g in containers initially infested with 0, 50, 100, and 200 Longidorus, respectively. Lateral and fine roots were lacking on seedlings at the highest doses. Populations of Longidorus increased in all containers during the experiment. Damage to loblolly pine seedlings caused by Longidorus is a previously undescribed problem in southern pine nurseries. Proper diagnosis of the problem by nematode testing laboratories may require the use of extraction techniques specific for larger nematodes such as Longidorus.

Influence of radiation and CO2 enrichment on whole plant net CO2 exchange in roses

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Jiao ◽  
M. J. Tsujita ◽  
B. Grodzinski
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Radiant Energy ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Co2 Exchange ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Bud Size

At three stages of flowering shoot development, varying the irradiance and CO2 levels had a similar effect on the whole-plant net CO2 exchange rate (NCER) of Samantha rose plants. At 22 °C, the NCER was saturated at 1000 μmol m−2 s−1 photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). The duration of the light period was also important in determining daily carbon (C) gain. When roses were exposed to a constant daily radiant energy dose of 17.6 μmol m−2 provided either as a 12-h irradiation interval at 410 μmol m−2 s−1 PAR or 24 h of irradiation at 204 μmol m−2 s−1 PAR, the plants exposed to 24 h of continuous irradiation at the lower photon flux density retained 80% more C. Under saturating irradiance, the net photosynthetic rate at an enriched (1000 μL L−1) CO2 level was almost double that at ambient (350 μL L−1) CO2. However, plants grown at ambient and enriched CO2 levels had similar whole-plant NCERs when compared at the same assay CO2 level. Under CO2 enrichment the flower stem was longer and thicker but the flower bud size at harvest was not significantly different to that of roses grown at the ambient CO2 level. Key words: CO2 enrichment, daily carbon gain, net CO2 exchange rate, radiation, Rosa hybrida

scholarly journals Washing Roots Reduces Vigor of Loblolly Pine Seedlings

2001 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
William A. Carey ◽  
David B. South ◽  
M. Williford ◽  
J. Britt
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Initial Height ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Bud Growth ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

Abstract Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings were lifted from two nurseries in Georgia, and the roots were washed using equipment built for that purpose. Seedlings then received two levels of storage and were outplanted not far from the nursery of origin (one loam soil and one sandy soil). Immediately after washing, root weights and the length of fine roots did not differ among wash treatments from either nursery. Survival was excellent for all treatments on the loam soil, but a single wash reduced survival by 5 to 10% when seedlings were planted in sand. Washing slowed the rate of budbreak and early height growth. Bud growth of seedlings planted in a stress pit (containing sand) was correlated with both root growth 1 month after planting (r = 0.36,P = 0.0003) and survival 2 months after planting (r =0.62,P = 0.01). Among seedlings outplanted on a sandy site, initial height growth also correlated with survival (r = 0.49,P = 0.007). South. J. Appl. For. 25(1):25–30.

Using silvicultural practices to regulate competition, resource availability, and growing conditions for Pinus palustris seedlings underplanted in Pinus taeda forests

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 902-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin O. Knapp ◽  
G. Geoff Wang ◽  
Joan L. Walker ◽  
Huifeng Hu
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Pinus Palustris ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Growing Conditions

In the southeastern United States, many forest managers are interested in restoring longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) to upland sites that currently support loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). We quantified the effects of four canopy treatments (uncut Control; MedBA, harvest to 9 m2·ha−1; LowBA, harvest to 5 m2·ha−1; and Clearcut) and three cultural treatments (NT, no treatment; H, herbicide release of longleaf pine seedlings; and H+F, herbicide release plus fertilization) on resource availability and growing conditions in relation to longleaf pine seedling response for 3 years. Harvesting treatments reduced competition from canopy trees but resulted in greater abundance of understory vegetation. Harvesting shifted the interception of light from the canopy to the subcanopy vegetation layer; however, total light availability at the forest floor increased with the intensity of canopy removal. Soil moisture was not affected by harvesting or by the cultural treatments. Foliar nutrient concentrations (N, P, and K) of longleaf pine seedlings generally increased with the intensity of the harvest treatment. Of the plant resources measured, we found that light was most strongly correlated with longleaf pine seedling growth and that incorporating the interception of light by subcanopy vegetation improved the relationship over that of canopy light transmittance alone.

Curly needle syndrome of loblolly pine seedlings

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1810-1814
Author(s):  
Douglas M. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Acid Rain ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Sib Families

Curly shaped needles developed on loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) seedlings grown in lysimeters in two greenhouse studies. Nearly 80% of the seedlings from five half-sib families developed curly needles when watered weekly with one of four acid rain solutions. No abnormal needles developed on seedlings from the same seed lots growing on an adjacent bench and watered daily. In a second study, curly needles developed within 2 weeks after seedlings were transplanted into the lysimeters. Weekly misting of the foliage significantly reduced the proportion of fascicles with curly needles. Results indicate that curly needle syndrome is induced by water stress during needle elongation and suggest that wetting the foliage decreases the strength of the fascicle sheaths.

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