Regeneration on Phycomyces sporangiophores. II. Regeneration on isolated segments from different positions along the sporangiophore axis

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamotsu Ootaki ◽  
Hans E. Gruen
Keyword(s):  
Wound Closure ◽  
Phycomyces Blakesleeanus ◽  
Regeneration Frequency ◽  
Middle Stage ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Final Length ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Plain Agar

Apical, middle, and basal 5-mm segments from decapitated Phycomyces blakesleeanus sporangiophores cultured on plain agar blocks regenerated sporangiophores after wound closure. Hyphae formed very rarely. Maximum regeneration frequency decreased between apex and base from 100% to close to 70% in stages 1 and 3, and from 80% to 23% in stage 4. The regeneration speed declined along the axis. The frequency of two or more initials per segment decreased basipetally in stages 1 and 3, but not in stage 4. Most segments formed sporangiophores at the apical end but regeneration from the basal end alone increased towards the base in stages 1 and 3, and was found on up to 30% of the stage 4 segments without gradient along the axis. A few segments regenerated at both ends at all positions. Initials emerged laterally at the apical end of most top segments and from the wound closure wall on almost all others. The diameter of single sporangiophores on apical segments was larger and their maximum stage 1 length shorter than on the rest. Both were less on stage 4 than on 1 and 3. The final length on either stage 1 or 4 was the same at all positions but the former was more than twice as great as the latter. One-millimeter stage 1 segments regenerated very thin sporangiophores but polarity was much weaker than in 5-mm pieces.Almost 90% of stage 1 segments with whole apices and open basal ends continued growth without branching. Most of those which stopped regenerated near the tip. Stage 3 and 4 segments tied off basally continued growth without regenerating above the tie, but if the end was open the sporangia stuck to the agar because of turgor loss, elongation stopped, and regeneration occurred close to the sporangia at slower speed than on decapitated apical segments.Cytoplasmic extrusion and formation of exudation drops were studied, wound closure was followed on middle stage 1 segments, and preliminary observations were made on movement of cell contents during regeneration.

Regeneration on Phycomyces sporangiophores. I. Induction by decapitation and basal cutting on sporangiophores attached to mycelium and after isolation

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans E. Gruen ◽  
Tamotsu Ootaki
Keyword(s):  
Wound Closure ◽  
Cross Wall ◽  
Phycomyces Blakesleeanus ◽  
Wall Regeneration ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Final Length ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Plain Agar

Phycomyces blakesleeanus sporangiophores attached to mycelium and isolated sporangiophores cultured on plain agar blocks were decapitated at 1–2 mm below the apex (stage 1) or the top of the sporangium (stages 3, 4). One or more sporangiophore initials regenerated at or very near the wound closure after formation of a cross wall. They emerged only from the side on 82–85% of all parents and on most of the rest from the wound closure wall. Lateral initials frequently perforated the original wall. Regeneration on isolated and attached sporangiophores reached 100% at 12 h on stage 1 and 18 h on stage 3, but only 80% after 24 h on stage 4. The frequency of two or more initials per parent decreased from stage 1 to 4 and was greater on attached than on isolated specimens. Fewer than half of all parents with two initials showed maturation of both. Single sporangiophores elongating on isolated stage 1 parents had a larger diameter, greater stage 1 length, and 66% greater final length than on stage 4. Stage 1 was always very short (average maximum, 5.1 mm). Sporangium formation and maturation were most synchronized after regeneration on stage 1 and least on stage 4.Sporangiophores cut at 5 mm above the base regenerated less frequently than after decapitation and the decrease was larger in stage 4 than in stage 1. Hyphae and sporangiophores regenerated alone or together, but hyphae were most common on attached stage 1 stumps. Regeneration was always from the wound closure wall, and two or more sporangiophore initials per parent were less frequent on stumps than near the apex.Observations on outflowing of drops of cell contents and on wound closure are discussed in relation to regeneration.

Regeneration on Phycomyces sporangiophores. III. Grafting of sporangiophore segments, weight changes, and protoplasmic streaming in relation to regeneration

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans E. Gruen ◽  
Tamotsu Ootaki
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Protoplasmic Streaming ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Phycomyces Blakesleeanus ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Anterior Segments ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Reversed Order ◽  
Posterior Position

Decapitated 5-mm segments from stage 1 sporangiophores of Phycomyces blakesleeanus had similar regeneration capacity and polarity under room as under constant conditions. Regeneration on segments with whole apices was more frequent under room conditions despite resumption of apical elongation, but was only about half as frequent as on decapitated apical segments. Regeneration at incisions in the middle of stage 1 sporangiophores was rare unless cross walls formed at the incision. Sporangiophore halves and pairs of 5-mm segments were grafted successfully and cultured for 24 h. The protoplasts fused and a new wall rejoined the cut ends. Regeneration was rare on grafted sporangiophore halves. On grafts of decapitated, oppositely oriented segments regeneration was almost 100% and occurred mainly at the apical ends alone whether these were fused or free. On grafts of decapitated, normally oriented segments in normal or reversed order almost all anterior segments regenerated apically (as did the controls), but only half or fewer of the same segments in posterior position regenerated. Multiple regeneration and attainment of stage 4 were more frequent on anterior segments. Regeneration was less than 50% on grafts between segments with whole apices and basal segments, and on the latter was much less than on isolated controls.Movement of cytoplasm detectable by dry weight changes only occurred towards the regenerating end of segments after initiation of sporangiophores. The velocity of bidirectional protoplasmic streaming in segments increased during regeneration and was highest towards the basal non-regenerating end.The results of grafting do not support the hypothesis that an inhibitor from the apex normally suppresses regeneration (branching), but both suppression and induction of regeneration can be explained by a mechanism based on acropetal transport.

Alterations in the number of motoneurons containing immunoreactive calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP)& choline acetyltransferase(ChAT) in the cervical spinal cord of the wobbler mouse during the development of the motoneuron disease

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 970-971
Author(s):  
L. Vacca-Galloway ◽  
Y.Q. Zhang ◽  
P. Bose ◽  
S.H. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Wild Type Mouse ◽  
Reflex Response ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Behavioral Tests ◽  
Wobbler Mouse ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Stage 1

The Wobbler mouse (wr) has been studied as a model for inherited human motoneuron diseases (MNDs). Using behavioral tests for forelimb power, walking, climbing, and the “clasp-like reflex” response, the progress of the MND can be categorized into early (Stage 1, age 21 days) and late (Stage 4, age 3 months) stages. Age-and sex-matched normal phenotype littermates (NFR/wr) were used as controls (Stage 0), as well as mice from two related wild-type mouse strains: NFR/N and a C57BI/6N. Using behavioral tests, we also detected pre-symptomatic Wobblers at postnatal ages 7 and 14 days. The mice were anesthetized and perfusion-fixed for immunocytochemical (ICC) of CGRP and ChAT in the spinal cord (C3 to C5).Using computerized morphomety (Vidas, Zeiss), the numbers of IR-CGRP labelled motoneurons were significantly lower in 14 day old Wobbler specimens compared with the controls (Fig. 1). The same trend was observed at 21 days (Stage 1) and 3 months (Stage 4). The IR-CGRP-containing motoneurons in the Wobbler specimens declined progressively with age.

Novel staging classification of primary mitral regurgitation based on the presence of cardiac damage

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.L Van Wijngaarden ◽  
Y.L Hiemstra ◽  
P Van Der Bijl ◽  
V Delgado ◽  
N Ajmone Marsan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Regurgitation ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Prognostic Impact ◽  
Cardiac Damage ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Primary Mitral Regurgitation ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Staging Classification

Abstract Background The indication for surgery in patients with severe primary mitral regurgitation (MR) is currently based on the presence of symptoms, left ventricular (LV) dilatation and dysfunction, atrial fibrillation and pulmonary hypertension. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic impact of a new staging classification based on cardiac damage including the known risk factors but also including global longitudinal strain (GLS), severe left atrial (LA) dilatation and right ventricular (RV) dysfunction. Methods In total 614 patients who underwent surgery for severe primary MR with available baseline transthoracic echocardiograms were included. Patients were classified according to the extent of cardiac damage (Figure): Stage 0-no cardiac damage, Stage 1-LV damage, Stage 2-LA damage, Stage 3-pulmonary vasculature or tricuspid valve damage and Stage 4-RV damage. Patients were followed for all-cause mortality. Results Based on the proposed classification, 172 (28%) patients were classified as Stage 0, 102 (17%) as Stage 1, 134 (21%) as Stage 2, 135 (22%) as Stage 3 and 71 (11%) as Stage 4. The more advanced the stage, the older the patients were with worse kidney function, more symptoms and higher EuroScore. Kaplan-Meier curve analysis revealed that patients with more advanced stages of cardiac damage had a significantly worse survival (log-rank chi-square 35.2; p<0.001) (Figure). On multivariable analysis, age, male, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, kidney function, and stage of cardiac damage were independently associated with all-cause mortality. For each stage increase, a 22% higher risk for all-cause mortality was observed (95% CI: 1.064–1.395; p=0.004). Conclusion In patients with severe primary MR, a novel staging classification based on the extent of cardiac damage, may help refining risk stratification, particularly including also GLS, LA dilatation and RV dysfunction in the assessment. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

A Description of Middle School Male Singers’ Voice Change and Voice Part Assignment

2021 ◽  
pp. 875512332110182
Author(s):  
Ryan Austin Fisher ◽  
Nancy L. Summitt ◽  
Ellen B. Koziel
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Sixth Grade ◽  
Eighth Grade ◽  
Voice Change ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Public Middle School ◽  
Middle School Choir ◽  
Choral Programs ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
The Voice

The purpose of this study was to describe the voice change and voice part assignment of male middle school choir members. Volunteers ( N = 92) were recruited from three public middle school choral programs (Grades 6-8). Participants were audio-recorded performing simple vocal tasks in order to assess vocal range and asked to share the music they were currently singing in class. Results revealed 23.91% of participants’ voices could be categorized as unchanged, 14.13% as Stage 1, 3.26% as Stage 2, 10.87% as Stage 3, 26.09% as Stage 4, and 21.74% as Stage 5. The majority of sixth-grade participants were classified as unchanged or in Stage 1 of the voice change and the majority of eighth-grade participants were classified in Stages 4 to 5 of the voice change. Of the participants labeled “tenors” in their choir, over 60% were classified as either unchanged voices or in Stage 1 of the voice change.

scholarly journals Temporal changes of quantitative CT findings from 102 patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A longitudinal study

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 297-309
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Chen ◽  
Wenbo Sun ◽  
Dan Xu ◽  
Jiaojiao Ma ◽  
Feng Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Lesion Area ◽  
Quantitative Ct ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Ct Findings ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Stage 1

BACKGROUND: Computed tomography (CT) imaging combined with artificial intelligence is important in the diagnosis and prognosis of lung diseases. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate temporal changes of quantitative CT findings in patients with COVID-19 in three clinic types, including moderate, severe, and non-survivors, and to predict severe cases in the early stage from the results. METHODS: One hundred and two patients with confirmed COVID-19 were included in this study. Based on the time interval between onset of symptoms and the CT scan, four stages were defined in this study: Stage-1 (0 ∼7 days); Stage-2 (8 ∼ 14 days); Stage-3 (15 ∼ 21days); Stage-4 (> 21 days). Eight parameters, the infection volume and percentage of the whole lung in four different Hounsfield (HU) ranges, ((-, -750), [-750, -300), [-300, 50) and [50, +)), were calculated and compared between different groups. RESULTS: The infection volume and percentage of four HU ranges peaked in Stage-2. The highest proportion of HU [-750, 50) was found in the infected regions in non-survivors among three groups. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate rapid deterioration in the first week since the onset of symptoms in non-survivors. Higher proportion of HU [-750, 50) in the lesion area might be a potential bio-marker for poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19.

scholarly journals P0828CKD STAGE DISTRIBUTION IN AN ITALIAN PROVINCE; SEVEN YEARS OF FOLLOW UP

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Roggeri ◽  
Daniela Paola Roggeri ◽  
Carlotta Rossi ◽  
Marco Gambera ◽  
Rossana Piccinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Discharge ◽  
Administrative Database ◽  
Ca Channel ◽  
Dialysis Treatment ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Ckd Stage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stage 1

Abstract Background and Aims Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a chronic illness with important implications for the health of the population and for the commitment of resources by public health services. CKD staging makes it possible to assess the severity of the disease and its distribution in the population. The distribution of the stages of CKD diagnosed through hospitalization were analyzed using administrative database of the Local Health Authority of a province with a population of about 1 million inhabitants in northern Italy. Method Patients with hospital discharge with a diagnosis of CKD (ICD9CM 5851, 5852, 5853, 5854) in 2011- 2012 years, without dialysis treatment, neither transplantation procedure nor acute renal failure were selected. Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, dialysis treatment, drugs prescription and nephrological follow-up were investigated. This cohort of patients was examined over a 7-year period (2011-2017). Stage five was not considered to avoid possible misunderstanding with five D stage. Results 1808 patients diagnosed with CKD were extracted from the 2011-2017 administrative database; of these, 1267 had a diagnosis with the CKD stage specification. The distribution of 1267 patients in the CKD stages at the first hospital discharge was as follows: 7.4% stage 1, 30.9% stage 2, 42.3% stage 3, 19.3% stage 4. The 832 patients described in the study were still alive as of Jan. 1, 2013 while 435 (34.3%) died by Dec. 31, 2012. Until Dec. 31, 2017, 503 of the 832 patients died representing the 52.8% of stage 1 patients, 62% of stage 2 patients, 58.2% of stage 3 patients, 66.4% of stage 4 patients. Males were the most prevalent gender (58.5%), without any significant difference into CKD stages. Our patients have a fairly high age as can be seen from the table 1. The presence of co-morbidities was assessed either directly for the main risk factors or by the modified Charlson index (MCI) for CKD patients. The average value of the MCI is 3.8 ± 3.1 for all patients and 3.4 ±3.0 for stage 1, 4.1 ± 3.3 for stage 2, 3.7 ± 3.1 for stage 3, 3.7 ± 2.9 for stage 4, with maximum values of 12.0, 17.0, 16.0 and 14.0 respectively. About 40% of patients had diabetes mellitus, with the highest prevalence in stage 4 (49.3%) and the lowest in stage 1 (25%). Cardiovascular disease was distributed almost equally among all patients with a value between 82% in stage 1 and 86.3% in stage 4. Cancer were present in 26.3% of patients with similar values in all stages. Just about 9% of patients underwent dialysis treatment for achieving ESRD, with a percentage of 5.6% among patients in stage 1 and 17.1% among those in stage 4. Hemodialysis represented first choice treatment (86%) compared with peritoneal one (14%). Time from the diagnosis of CKD to the first dialysis was variable with an average of 3.4 ±1.7 years; the longest interval for patients in stage 1 (5.1±1.8) and the shortest (3.0 ±1.6) for patients in stage 4. The number of nephrological visits at renal units was analyzed for an assessment of the extent of follow-up and prevention upon reaching the ESRD (table2). More than 90% of patients had prescribed drugs antagonists of the renin angiotensin system, in all stages of CKD; other antihypertensive drugs (Ca channel blockers and peripheral vasodilators) had a similar prescription level. Anemia control drugs (ESA and iron) had an incremental prescription with stages of the disease from 51.4% in stage 1 to 74% in stage 4, similarly to Ca-P metabolism control drugs ranging from 44.4% in stage 1 to 67.8% in stage 4. Conclusion Correct staging of CKD is very important to assess the prognosis of patients, but the major determinants of outcome are comorbidities and age of the patients. The cohort examined has a high mortality rate, far higher than reported in the literature for CKD. It should be noted that the sample was identified by hospitalization for cardiovascular diseases more than 50% complicated by diabetes and hypertension, so death represents the main outcome and not ESRD.

Lightbulb technique for the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cemil Yildiz ◽  
Yusuf Erdem ◽  
Kenan Koca
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Head ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Bone Grafting ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Total Hip ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Grafting Technique ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Stage 1

Introduction: The aim of this study was to report the clinical and radiological outcomes for 21 patients (28 hips) treated for osteonecrosis of the femoral head using the lightbulb technique, a nonvascularised bone grafting technique. Methods: The study group included 14 men and 7 women, with a mean age of 33.2 (range 22-50) years, presenting with avascular necrosis of the femoral head of stage 4a or earlier, according to the Steinberg classification. Patients were treated using the nonvascularised lightbulb bone grafting technique. The primary clinical outcome was the Harris Hip Scores (HHS), while primary outcomes of treatment effectiveness and disease progression were based on radiographic evidence of disease progression and the need for total hip replacement. The rate of treatment success and failure was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Results: The mean HHS increased from 52.66 to 74.33 after treatment, with excellent-to-good outcomes obtained in 21 (75%) of the cases. Fair-to-poor results were obtained in 7 (25%) of the cases, with total hip arthroplasty subsequently required in 5 of these cases. The radiological failure rate was 50% among cases treated in Steinberg stage 1 (1/2), 42% in stage 3 (5/12), and 100% in stage 4 (2/2). Conclusions: The lightbulb technique can provide a clinically acceptable rate of successful treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head when used in the early stages of the disease, prior to collapse of the femoral head.

Studies of the explosive combustion of hydrocarbons by kinetic spectroscopy I. Free radical absorption spectra in acetylene combustion

1953 ◽  
Vol 216 (1125) ◽  
pp. 165-183 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Total Pressure ◽  
Flash Photolysis ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Kinetic Spectroscopy ◽  
Radical Concentration ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Explosive Reaction ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Flash Spectroscopy

The explosive oxidation of acetylene, initiated homogeneously by the flash photolysis of a small quantity of nitrogen dioxide, has been investigated by flash spectroscopy. The absorption spectra of OH, CH, C 2 (singlet and triplet), C 3 , CN and NH, a number of which have not previously been observed, are described, and the relative concentrations, at all times throughout the explosion, are given. Four stages have been distinguished in the explosive reaction: 1. An initial period during which only OH appears. 2. A rapid chain branching involving all the diatomic radicals. 3. Further reaction, occurring only when oxygen is present in excess of equimolecular proportions, during which the OH concentration rises exponentially and the other radicals are totally consumed. 4. A relatively slow exponential decay of the excess radical concentration remaining after completion of stages 2 and 3. The duration of stage 1 is 0 to 3 ms. In an equimolecular mixture at 20 mm total pressure, containing 1.5 mm NO 2 , the durations of both stage 2 and stage 3 are approximately 10 -4 s and the half-life of OH in stage 4 is 0.28 ms. A preliminary interpretation of these changes and of the radical reactions is given.

scholarly journals Brief Montreal-Toulouse Language Assessment Battery: adaptation and content validity

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raira Fernanda Altmann ◽  
Karin Zazo Ortiz ◽  
Tainá Rossato Benfica ◽  
Eduarda Pinheiro de Oliveira ◽  
Karina Carlesso Pagliarin
Keyword(s):  
Content Validity ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Rater Agreement ◽  
Language Abilities ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Brief Assessment ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Language Assessment Battery ◽  
Stage 1

Abstract Background Evaluating patients in the acute phase of brain damage allows for the early detection of cognitive and linguistic impairments and the implementation of more effective interventions. However, few cross-cultural instruments are available for the bedside assessment of language abilities. The aim of this study was to develop a brief assessment instrument and evaluate its content validity. Methods Stimuli for the new assessment instrument were selected from the M1-Alpha and MTL-BR batteries (Stage 1). Sixty-five images were redesigned and analyzed by non-expert judges (Stage 2). This was followed by the analysis of expert judges (Stage 3), where nine speech pathologists with doctoral training and experience in aphasiology and/or linguistics evaluated the images, words, nonwords, and phrases for inclusion in the instrument. Two pilot studies (Stage 4) were then conducted in order to identify any remaining errors in the instrument and scoring instructions. Results Sixty of the 65 figures examined by the judges achieved inter-rater agreement rates of at least 80%. Modifications were suggested to 22 images, which were therefore reanalyzed by the judges, who reached high levels of inter-rater agreement (AC1 = 0.98 [CI = 0.96–1]). New types of stimuli such as nonwords and irregular words were also inserted in the Brief Battery and favorably evaluated by the expert judges. Optional tasks were also developed for specific diagnostic situations. After the correction of errors detected in Stage 4, the final version of the instrument was obtained. Conclusion This study confirmed the content validity of the Brief MTL-BR Battery. The method used in this investigation was effective and can be used in future studies to develop brief instruments based on preexisting assessment batteries.

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