The effect of kinetin on the growth of diploid and autotetraploid root tips of rye in vitro

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da-Ping Yang ◽  
Edward O. Dodson
Keyword(s):  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Complete Inhibition ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
The Media ◽  
Genotypical Difference

Both diploid and autotetraploid root tips of rye, Secale cereale var. Petkus, responded similarly when kinetin and indoleacetic acid (IAA) were added separately to the media in which they were growing. Kinetin retarded the linear growth of the main roots at 1 mg/1 and caused complete inhibition of the initiation of lateral roots; while at 0.1 mg/1, kinetin inhibited the elongation of lateral roots. IAA at 0.1 mg/1 retarded the elongation of main roots, and the initiation and the linear growth of lateral roots. When kinetin and IAA were applied in combination, kinetin was antagonistic to the inhibition caused by a high concentration of IAA in the growth of main roots of tetraploids, but not in the diploid roots.The differential response is considered to be a reflection of their genotypical difference, which may affect the endogenous content or metabolism of these phytohormones of the roots.

scholarly journals In vitro culture of Secale cereale L. explants-callus formation and organ differentiation

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan J. Rybczyński
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Mature Embryo ◽  
Organ Differentiation ◽  
Murashige And Skoog Medium ◽  
Secale Cereale L

Explants originating from seeds, embryos, seedlings and maturing plants of rye were cultured on a modified Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) and a Schenk and Hildebrandt medium (SH). Depending on various combinations and concentrations of NAA (α-tnaphthaleneacetic acid), IAA (β-indoleacetic acid),2,4-D (dichlosaphenoxyacetic acid), 2,4,5-T(trichloraphenoxyacetic acid),2,4-D (dichloraphenoxyacetic acid), 2,4,5-T (trichloraphenoxyacetic = 2 iP), ZEA (zeatin), and GA<sub>3</sub> (gibberellic acid) mature embryo, isolated radicles and lateral roots formed callus itissue which was only capable of rhizogenesis. Leaf segments of 3 and 5-day-old seedlings produced callus and roots, however the rachis of a spike of 7 mm in length was capable of forming shoots which later developed into plants.

scholarly journals The Effect of Jasmonic Acid on in Vitro Nodal Culture of Three Potato Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 631a-631
Author(s):  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
Zong-Ming Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Node Number ◽  
The Media ◽  
Red Pontiac ◽  
Nodal Culture

Jasmonates are a group of native plant bioregulators that occur widely in the plant kingdom and exert various physiological activities when applied exogenously to plants. We investigated the effect of free jasmonic acid (JA) on stem and root growth and tuberization of potato in vitro nodal culture. Nodal cuttings of three potato cultivars, Norchip, Red Pontiac, and Russet Burbank, were cultured in 2.5 × 15 cm test tubes containing either nodal culture (MS with 2% sucrose) or tuber-inducing (MS with 8% sucrose and 11.5 μm kinetin) medium. The media were supplemented with JA at 0, 0.1, 0.5 1.0, 5.0, 10.0 and 50 m. The cultures were maintained under a 16-hour photoperiod at 24°C for 6 weeks. Potato cultivars showed different sensitivities to JA in stem growth. Norchip is the most and Red Pontiac the least sensitive cultivar. On the nodal culture medium, stem length of Norchip was promoted at 0.1–5 μm, and inhibited at 10–50 μm of JA, but that of Red Pontiac was promoted by JA at all concentrations tested. The number of nodes increased significantly on media with JA than that on medium without JA. The number of adventitious roots did not, but the lateral roots increased significantly when JA was added to the medium. On tuber-inducing media, stem length and node number did not appear to be affected by addition of JA to the medium. The number of axillary shoots increased significantly on the media with low concentrations of JA (0.1–5 μm). No microtubers formed on both media from all three cultivars in 6 weeks.

scholarly journals In vitro ectomycorrhiza formation by monokaryotic and dikaryotic isolates of Pisolithus microcarpus in Eucalyptus grandis

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurício Dutra Costa ◽  
André Narvaes da Rocha Campos ◽  
Matheus Loureiro Santos ◽  
Arnaldo Chaer Borges
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Root ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
In Vitro Synthesis ◽  
Synthesis Medium

The formation of ectomycorrhizas by monokaryotic and dikaryotic isolates of Pisolithus microcarpus (Cooke & Massee) G. Cunn. in Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maid. was studied by in vitro synthesis in Petri dishes. The formation of ectomycorrhizas was observed for all strains tested. Ectomycorrhizas formed by the monokaryotic strains presented a sheath of hyphae around the roots and a Hartig net limited to the epidermis layer, typical of the angiosperm ectomycorrhizas. Colonization rates, a measure of the number of ectomycorrhizas in relation to the total number of lateral root tips, varied from 23 to 62%. Some monokaryotic strains stimulated the formation of lateral roots, promoting increases of up to 109% above the control. The presence of some of the isolates in the in vitro synthesis medium stimulated the production of thicker lateral root tips. The dimensions of the lateral roots tips and ectomycorrhizas varied from one isolate to the next, indicating a variation in their capacity to provoke morphological changes in the host plant roots. The dikaryotic strain M5M11 presented higher values for lateral root yield, number of ectomycorrhizas, and colonization percentage than the corresponding monokaryotic strains, M5 and M11. This indicated the possibility of selecting compatible performing monokaryotic isolates for the yield of superior dikaryotic strains. The set of monokaryotic strains tested varied greatly in their ability to colonize E. grandis roots and cause secondary metabolism-related morphological changes in roots, providing a wealth of model systems for the study of genetic, physiological, and morphogenetic processes involved in Pisolithus-Eucalyptus ectomycorrhiza formation.

THE EFFECT OF OUABAIN ON ALDOSTERONE PRODUCTION IN THE RAT

1971 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Sz. Szalay
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Treatment ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Aldosterone Production ◽  
The Media ◽  
Renin Content

ABSTRACT Chronic treatment with ouabain increases aldosterone production in the rat but has no effect on the renal renin content. The effect of ouabain in vitro on aldosterone depends on its concentration and the K content of the media: 10−8 m ouabain and 4 and 8 meq./l K and 10−4 m and 4 meq./l K intensify, while 10−3 m at 6 and 8 meq./l K inhibits production. In the present experiments, ouabain at low concentration increased and at high concentration reduced aldosterone production.

scholarly journals Differentiation of shoot elements from the rachis of Secale cereale L.

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan J. Rybczyński ◽  
Andrzej Stolarz ◽  
Aurelia Ślusarkiewicz-Jarzyna
Keyword(s):  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Synthetic Auxin ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Callus Regeneration ◽  
Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

<em>In vitro</em> culture of young <em>Secale cereale</em> spikes is described with special attention given to changes in development of the rachis. 7 mm explants were cultivated on a modified M u r a s h i g e and S k o o g (1962) medium (MS) supplemented with 2,4-D (dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), NAA (α-naph-thaleneacetic acid), IAA (β-indoleacetic acid), 2,4,5-T (trichlorophenoxyacetic acid), and ZEA (zeatin), KIN (kinetin), BAP (6-benzylaminopurine), IPA (izopentenyladenine or 2 iP) in numerous combinations and concentrations. Rachises differentiated branches with node construction in the presence of synthetic auxin. Rhizogenesis of explants was stimulated by 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T. 2,4,5-T + IPA appeared to be the best combination for callus regeneration. Many meristematic centres were found previously and combinations of NAA + KIN stimulated direct, whereas 2,4-D + ZEA indirect, differentiation of shoot elements. Development was observed from plantlets to flowering plants.

Totipotence du péricycle des organes souterrains et aériens de Rorippa sylvestris. I. Rhizogenèse et caulogenèse à partir de racines sur plante intacte ou de fragments de racines cultivés in vitro

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 1760-1769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurie-Laure Projetti ◽  
Dominique Chriqui
Keyword(s):  
Outer Layer ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Adventitious Buds ◽  
Root Explants ◽  
Bud Regeneration ◽  
Murashige And Skoog Medium ◽  
Young Root ◽  
Stimulation Of

Old and tuberized roots of Rorippa sylvestris (Brassicaceae) can form adventitious buds. Moreover, in vitro culture on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with sucrose can induce bud regeneration from nontuberized young root explants. An unusual stimulation of both lateral rhizogenesis and caulogenesis is obtained in the presence of auxin (indoleacetic acid), with optimal responses at 5 mg∙L−1. Kinetin inhibits rhizogenesis but strongly enhances caulogenesis, with optimal responses between 1 and 5 mg∙L−1. In all conditions (natural and experimental), lateral roots and buds arise from the pericycle layer or pericycle-derived tissues (outer layer of a several-layered pericycle, phellogen, and pericycle-derived callus). Thus, the pericycle of R. sylvestris roots, as well as the pericycle-derived cells, exhibits an original double potential for rhizogenesis and caulogenesis, especially in the close vicinity of the xylem poles. As the early steps of root and bud regeneration are similar, the possibility that the two kinds of meristems are undetermined and perhaps interchangeable is considered.

Human Platelet Acetylcholinesterase: The Effects of Anticholinesterases on Platelet Function

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (05) ◽  
pp. 1615-1619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin J Smith ◽  
Boyd Braem ◽  
Kent D Davis
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Function ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Complete Inhibition ◽  
Clot Retraction ◽  
Plasma Clot ◽  
Normal Platelet ◽  
Aggregation Factor

SummaryPlatelet acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was measured in gel-filtered platelet preparations. Three different anticholinesteratic agents (eserine, neostigmine, and diiso- propylphosphorofluoridate) at final concentrations of 10 μM caused complete inhibition of AChE activity after 30 min incubation at room temperature with either platelet-rich plasma or gel-filtered platelets. Complete inhibition of platelet AChE had no effect on platelet aggregation, factor-3 availability, and plasma clot retraction. We conclude that platelet membrane AChE activity is not required for normal platelet function as measured by these in vitro parameters.

The Effects of Shock Vancomycin Concentrations on the Formation of Heteroresistance in Staphylococcus aureus

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
V. V. Gostev ◽  
Yu. V. Sopova ◽  
O. S. Kalinogorskaya ◽  
M. E. Velizhanina ◽  
I. V. Lazareva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
In Vitro Selection ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Short Term ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Selection Of Resistance ◽  
Test Cultures

Glycopeptides are the basis of the treatment of infections caused by MRSA (Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus). Previously, it was demonstrated that antibiotic tolerant phenotypes are formed during selection of resistance under the influence of high concentrations of antibiotics. The present study uses a similar in vitro selection model with vancomycin. Clinical isolates of MRSA belonging to genetic lines ST8 and ST239, as well as the MSSA (ATCC29213) strain, were included in the experiment. Test isolates were incubated for five hours in a medium with a high concentration of vancomycin (50 μg/ml). Test cultures were grown on the medium without antibiotic for 18 hours after each exposure. A total of ten exposure cycles were performed. Vancomycin was characterized by bacteriostatic action; the proportion of surviving cells after exposure was 70–100%. After selection, there was a slight increase in the MIC to vancomycin (MIC 2 μg/ml), teicoplanin (MIC 1.5–3 μg/ml) and daptomycin (MIC 0.25–2 μg/ml). According to the results of PAP analysis, all strains showed an increase in the area under curve depending on the concentration of vancomycin after selection, while a heteroresistant phenotype (with PAP/AUC 0.9) was detected in three isolates. All isolates showed walK mutations (T188S, D235N, E261V, V380I, and G223D). Exposure to short-term shock concentrations of vancomycin promotes the formation of heteroresistance in both MRSA and MSSA. Formation of VISA phenotypes is possible during therapy with vancomycin.

Vancomycin Adsorption During in vitro Model of Hemoperfusion with HA380 Cartridge

Nephron ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ilaria Godi ◽  
Anna Lorenzin ◽  
Silvia De Rosa ◽  
Gianlorenzo Golino ◽  
Maira Knust ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complete Removal ◽  
Potential Interaction ◽  
Blood Purification ◽  
Therapeutic Monitoring ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Langmuir Isotherm Model ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Balanced Solution

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> A critical point for using blood purification during sepsis may be the potential interaction with antimicrobial therapy, the mainstay of sepsis treatment. The aim of our study was to investigate the vancomycin removal during hemoperfusion (HP) using HA380 cartridge. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This is an experimental study, in which 500 mL of solution was circulated in a closed-circuit (blood flow of 250 mL/min) simulating HP ran using HA380. Vancomycin was added to reach a through concentration or a very high concentration to evaluate the removal ratio (RR) during 120 min of HP. Comparison between blood-crystalloid solution and balanced solution was performed by using Kruskal-Wallis test. The kinetics of vancomycin removal and the adsorption isotherm were evaluated. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We found a complete removal of vancomycin at baseline through concentration of 23.0 ± 7.4 mg/L. Using extremely high concentration (baseline 777.0 ± 62.2 mg/L), RR was 90.1 ± 0.6% at 5 min and 99.2 ± 0.6% at 120 min. No difference in terms of RR was found between blood-crystalloid mixture and balanced solution. The kinetics of the vancomycin reduction followed an exponential decay. Repeated boluses (total amount of 2,000 mg) resulted in cumulative adsorption of 1,919.4 mg with RR of 96.6 ± 1.4%, regardless of the amount injected (100 vs. 500 mg). Vancomycin adsorption onto HA380 followed the Langmuir isotherm model. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> A considerable amount of vancomycin was rapidly removed during in vitro HP with HA380. Clinical studies are needed to determine whether this may lead to underdosing. Drug therapeutic monitoring is highly recommended when using HA380 for blood purification in patients receiving vancomycin.

scholarly journals Replacement of Albumin by Preovulatory Oviductal Fluid in Swim-Up Sperm Preparation Method Modifies Boar Sperm Parameters and Improves In Vitro Penetration of Oocytes

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1202
Author(s):  
Sergio Navarro-Serna ◽  
Evelyne París-Oller ◽  
Ondrej Simonik ◽  
Raquel Romar ◽  
Joaquín Gadea
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Preparation Method ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Penetration Rate ◽  
Sperm Parameters ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Sperm Preparation ◽  
Boar Sperm ◽  
Oviductal Fluid

More suitable and efficient methods to protect gametes from external harmful effects during in vitro handling can be achieved by adding preovulatory porcine oviductal fluid (pOF) to in vitro culture media. The objective of this study was to assess the swim-up procedure’s suitability as a sperm selection method using a medium supplemented with 1mg/mL BSA, 1% preovulatory pOF (v/v), 1% v/v pOF plus 1mg/mL BSA, and 5mg/mL BSA. After selection, various sperm parameters were studied, such as sperm recovery rate, sperm morphology, motility (by CASA), vitality, acrosome status and intracellular calcium (by flow cytometry) and ability to penetrate oocytes in vitro. Around 2% of sperm were recovered after swim-up, and the replacement of BSA by pOF showed a beneficial reduction of motility parameters calcium concentration, resulting in an increased penetration rate. The combination of albumin and oviductal fluid in the medium did not improve the sperm parameters results, whereas a high concentration of BSA increased sperm morphological abnormalities, motility, and acrosome damage, with a reduction of calcium concentration and penetration rate. In conclusion, the replacement of albumin by preovulatory oviductal fluid in the swim-up sperm preparation method modifies boar sperm parameters and improves the in vitro penetration of oocytes.

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