Seasonal growth patterns of ovulate strobili of Pinus resinosa in central Wisconsin

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 839-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. I. Dickmann ◽  
T. T. Kozlowski
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
First Year ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Seasonal Growth ◽  
Final Size ◽  
Diameter Increment ◽  
Diurnal Fluctuations ◽  
Second Year

Seasonal growth patterns and water balance of first- and second-year strobili and seeds of Pinus resinosa Ait. were studied. Strobili emerged from the bud in late May or early June and grew slowly during the first season, reaching approximately 1/40 the weight of mature strobili. After a rapid period of hydration which lasted until mid-June, the weight of water in first-year strobili remained stable, but percentage of moisture decreased, primarily because of increasing dry weight. Strobili resumed growth in mid-April of the second year and grew slowly until June. Then, at about the time that fertilization of ovules occurred, dry weight increment of strobili increased greatly until a final weight of 6 to 8 g was reached early in August. However, strobili reached final size in mid-July. After mid-June, both the weight of water and percentage of moisture of second-year strobili decreased greatly, reflecting characteristic dehydration of cones during maturation. Seeds increased rapidly in dry weight after fertilization, but decreased sharply in percentage of moisture and weight of water.Continuous monitoring of strobilus diameters with dendrographs showed that, during the first year, strobili expanded slowly and showed diurnal fluctuations in diameter during periods of water stress. Second-year strobili showed three growth phases: an initial phase characterized by net diameter increment; a second phase in which no large net diameter increment took place although diurnal fluctuations regularly occurred; and a third, dehydration, phase during which time strobilus diameters decreased, accompanied by diurnal contraction and partial reexpansion.

THE SEED PRODUCTION CAPACITY AND EFFICIENCY OF RED PINE CONES (PINUS RESINOSA AIT.)

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Lyons
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Proximal Part ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
First Year ◽  
Tree Crown ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Pine Cones

The seed capacity of red pine cones varies from about 30 to over 110, depending on the size of the cone and its position in the tree crown, and is determined by the number of ovules that are structurally complete at the time of pollination. These ovules occur in a central "productive" region and constitute less than one-half of the total. The remaining ovules, most: of which are in the proximal part of the cone, never become structurally perfect, and do not contribute to seed production. Abortion of ovules in the productive region usually reduces seed production efficiency to 50–60%, and is accompanied mainly by withering of the nucellus in the first year and failure to produce archegonia early in the second year. The extent of ovule abortion during the first year varies indirectly with cone size, seed capacity, and height in tree.

Growth and Development of Bigroot Morningglory (Ipomoea pandurata)

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 805-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Horak ◽  
Loyd M. Wax
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
First Year ◽  
Growing Degree Days ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Root:Shoot Ratio ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Final Harvest

Growth and development of bigroot morningglory was observed and quantified. Emergence occurred 75 ± 5 growing degree days (GDD) after seeding. Flower and seed production began 630 ± 20 GDD after emergence and continued until the first frost killed the shoots. Seedlings needed approximately 460 GDD of growth to become perennial. In the second year of growth, plants emerged in early May and flowered within 425 ± 50 GDD. Shoot dry weight accumulation in first-year plants was 3.5 g for the first 600 GDD after which a fifteenfold increase in dry weight occurred. Root growth followed the same pattern, however the large increase in dry weight occurred approximately 300 GDD later than that of the shoots. The root:shoot ratio was 0.2 to 0.3 for the first 900 GDD and increased to greater than 1.0 by the final harvest.

scholarly journals Effect of Transplanting and Paclobutrazol on Root Growth of ‘Green Column’ Black Maple and ‘Summit’ Green Ash

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gray Watson
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth Regulation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Extension Growth ◽  
First Year ◽  
Fraxinus Pennsylvanica ◽  
Green Ash ◽  
Root Extension ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Second Year

Abstract ‘Summit’ green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica ‘Summit’) and ‘Green Column’ black maples (Acer nigrum ‘Green Column’) were transplanted and treated with paclobutrazol (PBZ) to study its effect on root growth after transplanting. PBZ increased root extension growth of transplanted ‘Green Column’ maples in the first year after treatment, prior to the onset of above-ground growth regulation. Root growth of transplanted ‘Summit’ ash was not affected by PBZ. Transplanting reduced extension growth of regenerated roots in the first year for ‘Green Column’ maples with no effect on root dry weight. In ‘Summit’ green ash transplanting increased root extension growth in the second year, and root dry weight in both years.

Growth of the Euphausiids Thysanoessa inermis, Thysanoessa raschii, and Meganyctiphanes norvegica in a Subarctic Fjord, North Norway

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stig Falk-Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Phytoplankton Bloom ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
The Body ◽  
Phytoplankton Production ◽  
Final Size ◽  
Spring Phytoplankton Bloom ◽  
Weight Protein ◽  
Meganyctiphanes Norvegica ◽  
The Individual

Growth was studied in terms of the mean carapace length, wet and dry weight, protein, and lipid. Monthly length–weight regressions are presented for a 12-mo period. The growth of Thysanoessa spp. is closely related to phytoplankton production, while Meganyctiphanes norvegica (a carnivore) increases its weight continuously until it reaches its final size. In I-group Thysanoessa the individual maintains its body weight until midwinter, and this is followed by a continuous decrease in the body constituents until the onset of the spring phytoplankton bloom. The growth patterns are correlated with the environmental factors.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF SUNNY AND SHADY ASPECTS ON PASTURE YIELD, DIGESTIBILITY AND SHEEP PERFORMANCE IN CANTERBURY

1976 ◽  
pp. 66-77
Author(s):  
J.E. Radcliffe ◽  
S.R. Young ◽  
D.G. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
First Year ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Seasonal Growth ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Pasture Yield

Annual pasture dry matter (DM) production from improved browntop- dominant hill pastures varied from 3.5 to 7.4 t DM/ha over three years. A south aspect produced on average 14% more dry matter than a north aspect; both had spring and autumn growth peaks, and a summer depression which was greater on the north aspect. A nucleus flock of hoggets was set-stocked on each aspect from October to June. and numbers of extra sheep were adjusted monthly if necessary to maintain similar quantities of available herbage on each aspect. Both nucleus flocks generally grew at similar rates so their seasonal growth patterns were similar. In the second and third year those on the south aspect grew 3 to 5% more wool. Net liveweight gain per hectare was greater on the south than the north aspect in the first year owing to a higher seasonal stocking rate on the south aspect, but in two subsequent years production was similar. The digestibility of pasture on offer to stock was 75 to 80% in spring and 45 to 50% in summer. It recovered to 50 to 55% in autumn then deteriorated to 40 to 45% in June. Small differences were measured between aspects.

scholarly journals PATH COEFFICIENT IN SAFFLOWER AS AFFECTED BY HARVEST DATES

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wuhaib & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Seed Plant ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Number Of Seeds

In order to determine the traits that correlate to yield to rely on them as selection criteria for high yield in safflower; seeds of five cultivars .2081, Gelser Almais , Ordini, and rabia 500 planted in the field of Field Crop Dept. College of Agriculture –Uni. Of Baghdad during 2010and 2011.The design  of experiments is randomize complete block design  with split plot arrangement with three replication. Data were recorded for traits: yield/ plant, total yield, harvest index, oil%, number of seed/plant, number of seeds/capsules, seed weight,dry weight of plant, number of capsules/plant, number of primary and secondary branches and plant height. Results of statistical analysis illustrate that the genotypic and phenotypic correlation and direct and indirect effects were different due to differences in harvest dates and tow years of planting.The highest positive genetic correlation and direct effects with yield were for plant height and total yield for first harvest  in first year, for second year were dry weight, number  of capsules/ plant, number of seed/ plant and total yield. For second harvest in first year was total yield only. and number of capsule/ plant, dry weight, total yield and number of seeds/ plant, in second year. Also only total yield in third harvest in first year, and dry weight and total yield in second year. In fourth harvest first year the traits were number of capsules\plant and total yield, dry weight and total yield in second year. For that we can rely these traits as criteria for selection in breeding programs to improve the yield of safflower.   

scholarly journals Aşılı Asma Fidanı Üretiminde Kokteyl Mikoriza Uygulamalarının Fidan Randıman ve Kök Kalitesine Etkisi

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 2121
Author(s):  
Duran Kılıç ◽  
Rüstem Cangi
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
First Grade ◽  
First Year ◽  
Grape Cultivar ◽  
Polyethylene Bags ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Root Quality

This study was carried out in order to determine the effects of Mychorrizal Preparation (MP) applications on final take and root quality in grafted and potted grapevine sapling production. In this research, cuttings of five different Vine rootstocks (140 Ru, 110 R, 41 B, 1103 P and 5 BB) and scions of Narince grape cultivar were used. In addition, 5 commercials symbiotic mychorriza preparations (MP); Roots Deep Gel (RD), Endo Roots Soluble (ER), Myco Apply (MA), Bio-one (BO) and Biovam were applied. Scions were grafted on rootstocks by omega table grafting machine and then grafted cuttings were stored for three weeks at stratification room. The grafted cuttings were planted into polyethylene bags (12 × 20 cm size) containing 1:1 sterile perlite-peat mixture. Grafted cuttings were kept in greenhouse during 2 months for growing. After grapevine final take rates were determined, grapevine saplings were transferred to acclimatization environment. Root fresh and dry weights of grapevine saplings were detected in the first week of September. Research was designed according to completely randomized plot as three replications and as 50 grafted cuttings each plot. At the end of study, it was determined that both MP applications and rootstocks have a significant effect on final take and sapling quality. The ratios of first grade sapling varied from 21.5% to 93.3% in first year and from 10.3% to 79.3% in second year. Effects of MP applications on the total final take ratios differed depending on the rootstocks in both years. MP applications showed significant effect on total final take ratios of 110 R and 41 B in the first year, and total final take ratios of 5 BB, 41 B and 140 Ru in the second year. While the best results were obtained from MA, EN, RD applications in the first year, the highest final take ratios were in EN, RD and BO applications in the second year. The highest value on final take was obtained from 5BB rootstock, while the lowest value was recorded in 140 Ru rootstock. Effect of MP applications on the fresh and dry weight of root changed according to rootstocks.

scholarly journals Growth patterns in biomass and size structure of Mytilus galloprovincialis cultivated in the Ría de Arousa (north-west Spain)

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M.F. Babarro ◽  
Uxío Labarta ◽  
María José Fernández-Reiriz
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Rocky Shore ◽  
Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽  
Shell Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Size Spectrum ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Raft Culture

Growth of seed mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) from two origins (rocky shore and collector ropes) placed on raft culture was compared. Mussel seed were cultivated following the commercial culture phases commonly used in Galician Rías: (a) from seeding to thinning-out and (b) from thinning-out to harvest. Differences in growth rate were clearly related to the phase of the culture, being significant during the first phase from seeding to thinning out (January–November 1998). In the latter phase, weight values observed for collector rope mussels were significantly higher than those for rocky shore individuals (0·65 vs 0·45 g total dry weight, 0·11 vs 0·08 g tissue dry weight, 0·53 vs 0·37 g shell dry weight and 0·09 vs 0·07 g tissue organic weight per month, respectively; P<0·001). Neither shell length nor weight (soft tissue or shell) growth rate showed differences during the second phase of the culture from thinning out to harvest (November 1998–July 1999; P>0·05). Nevertheless, in terms of output, the higher number of individuals above 70 mm (77% vs 61%) and the heavier soft tissue (and total) weight (23–30%) for collector ropes mussels when compared to rocky shore ones at harvest, highlighted the importance of choosing the former stock. Condition index (CI) did not differ at the onset of the culture between both origins (P>0·05), but mussels from collector ropes showed significantly higher values than those from the rocky shore from May to November 1998 (P<0·001) before thinning-out was undertaken. No differences in CI were observed from thinning out to harvest between both types of mussels (P>0·05). Although both populations showed normal (unimodal) size distributions at the onset of the culture, mussels from rocky shore origin fitted better to bimodal profiles throughout the first phase of the culture. These bimodal distributions of rocky shore population did disappear during the second phase suggesting a more uniform size spectrum as a consequence of the thinning out process, which involves a selection of size.

LIFE HISTORY, HABITS, AND DAMAGE OF CHRYSOBOTHRIS ORONO (COLEOPTERA: BUPRESTIDAE) ON RED PINE IN MICHIGAN

1969 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis F. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
First Year ◽  
Forest Pest ◽  
The Third ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Oviposition Sites

AbstractChrysobothris orono Frost, a buprestid which attacks living red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) and jack pine (P. banksiana Lamb.), has a 2-year life cycle and two separate broods in Michigan. Adults emerge from May to July. The eggs are laid singly, usually on the southwest side of a tree; the fifth and sixth whorls from the top are the preferred oviposition sites. Larval eclosion usually occurs in early June. Each larva excavates a cell in the bark and causes the flowing pitch to coagulate into a large pitch mass. The first three instars feed in the bark and the last two instars feed in the xylem. Advanced larvae may reach the fourth instar by fall of the first year; overwintering occurs in the third and fourth instars. The fifth instar, which appears in the spring of the second year, bores a short L-shaped gallery in the xylem and plugs it with frass and wood chips to form a pupal cell. It pupates in the spring of the third year. Adults emerge by chewing through the plug and pitch mass. The bark cell and xylem gallery seldom injure the tree directly, but they remain as defects in the bole after the wounds have healed. Because damage is slight and the insect population low, C. orono is not likely to become an important forest pest.

Life cycle, demography, and production of Marenzelleria viridis in a salt marsh of southern New England

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 725-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Sarda ◽  
Ivan Valiela ◽  
Ken Foreman
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
New England ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
First Year ◽  
Southern New England ◽  
Organic Sediments ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Marenzelleria Viridis ◽  
Great Sippewissett Salt Marsh ◽  
Competition For Resources

Population dynamics and production of the spionid polychaete Marenzelleria viridis were studied at Great Sippewissett salt marsh (Massachusetts, USA) for two years. Marenzelleria viridis was the main contributor in biomass and production to the macroinfaunal assemblages of the sandy organic sediments of the marsh. Marenzelleria viridis spawned during the cold part of the year and the appearance of settled larvae on sediments was observed from January to May. The density of M. viridis rose sharply from winter to late spring followed by a striking drop through summer. The estimated mean annual production of M. viridis was 60.0 g dry weight m2 during the first year and 26.3 g dry weight m2 during the second year. The population of M. viridis is affected by different processes during the year. The number of initial recruits seems to be largely governed by meteorological conditions. The numbers of recruits are then affected by competition for resources, and later, as predators become active, predation pressure determines the abundance of the population of M. viridis.

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