Saprophytic development of the flax rust Melampsora lini, race No. 3

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 821-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska L. M. Turel
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Spore Production ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Inorganic Salts ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Melampsora Lini ◽  
Aerial Hyphae ◽  
Chelated Iron

A medium containing 0.1% yeast extract (Difco) in addition to sucrose, inorganic salts, and chelated iron supported saprophytic growth of Melampsora lini (Pers.) Lév., race No. 3. Cultures were started with sterile uredospores from rust-infected flax tissue cultures and were maintained for over 5 months through up to eight transfers. In some aging parts of living mycelial cultures, single one-celled teliospores were formed on aerial hyphae, and in other parts composed of dense masses of firm, small cells, clusters of uredospore-like structures were found. Growth and survival of mycelium were better when 4% sucrose was used instead of glucose, and when 500 mg/l of K2HPO4 was present in addition to the routinely used potassium monophosphate. Spore production was increased by raising the yeast extract concentration to 0.2%.

Comparison of Choriocarcinoma and Normal Placenta

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 324-325
Author(s):  
John C. Garancis ◽  
Roland A. Pattillo ◽  
Robert O. Hussa ◽  
Jon V. Straumfjord
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Glycogen Depletion ◽  
Cell Surfaces ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Concomitant Increase ◽  
Gestational Choriocarcinoma ◽  
Cytoplasmic Glycogen ◽  
Normal Placenta

Two different cell lines (Be-Wo and Jar) of human gestational choriocarcinoma have been maintained in continuous tissue culture for a period of four and two years respectively without losing the ability to elaborate human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). Tissue cultures, as revealed by electron microscopy, consisted of small cells with single nuclei. In some instances cell surfaces were provided with microvilli but more often the intercellular spaces were narrow and bridged by desmosomes. However, syncytium was not formed. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was poorly developed in both cell lines, except in some Be-Wo cells it was prominent. Golgi complex, lysosomes and numerous free ribosomes, as well as excessive cytoplasmic glycogen, were present in all cells (Fig. 1). Glycogen depletion and concomitant increase of ER were observed in many cells following a single dose of 10 ugm/ml of adrenalin added to medium (Fig. 2).

Kinetics of Glycerol Biotransformation to Dihydroxyacetone by Immobilized Gluconobacter oxydans and Effect of Reaction Conditions

2007 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
pp. 1269-1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Raška ◽  
František Skopal ◽  
Karel Komers ◽  
Jaroslav Machek
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Gluconobacter Oxydans ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Glycerol Concentration ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Autocatalytic Model ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Reaction Schemes

Biotransformation of glycerol to 1,3-dihydroxyacetone was carried out in an isothermal isochoric batch reactor with Gluconobacter oxydans immobilized in poly(vinyl alcohol) gel capsules. The reaction course was described with a three-step kinetic model. Two reaction schemes were proposed and compared with 8 kinetic experiments at 25 °C. The experimental dependences of glycerol and dihydroxyacetone concentrations on reaction time were simulated very well by the autocatalytic model. The effects of reaction temperature and initial concentrations of yeast extract and glycerol were studied. Temperature 25-30 °C, initial yeast extract concentration 2-4 g l-1 and initial glycerol concentration 20-50 g l-1 were found as optimal. The determined rate constants can be used to advantage for industrial production of dihydroxyacetone from glycerol.

Composition of Lipopolysaccharides from Various Strains of Rhodomicrobium vannielii

1986 ◽  
Vol 41 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 202-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otto Holst ◽  
Jürgen Weckesser ◽  
Baldur Rieth ◽  
Crawford S. Dow
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Growth Temperature ◽  
Simple Cycle ◽  
Growth Forms ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Dependent Growth ◽  
Rhodomicrobium Vannielii

Abstract The compositions of lipopolysaccharides from the photoheterotrophic budding Rhodomi­crobium vannielii strains DSM 162, Rm5, E3 and 2/1 are reported. Common constituents of these lipopolysaccharides are glucose, mannose, glucosamine, glucuronic and galacturonic acids, 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate (KDO) and the fatty acids 3-OH-C16:0, 3-OH-C14:0, C14:0, Δ14-C22:1, aside from strain specific differences. Two different, medium-dependent growth forms of strain DSM 162 are described. The vitamin/ yeast extract-concentration in the medium and/or the growth temperature were found as factors triggering the different growth forms. Lipopolysaccharides of the two growth forms had only quantitative differences in composition. Lipopolysaccharide from swarmer cells of strain Rm5 showed a chemical composition comparable to that of chain cells and from simple cycle cells of the same strain.

In vitro growth of wheat and flax rust fungi on complex and chemically defined media

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1183-1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bose ◽  
Michael Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Australian Isolate ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Complex Media ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Melampsora Lini

Growth from uredospores seeded in axenic culture is described for several races of Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici (Erikss. and Henn.) and race 3 of Melampsora lini (Ehrenb.) Lév. on complex media containing peptone, yeast extract, and bovine serum albumin (BSA); and for an Australian isolate of Puccinia graminis, race 126-ANZ 6,7, and Melampsora lini, race 3, on chemically defined, liquid media.Of six North American isolates of Puccinia graminis only race 38 formed colonies approaching those of race 126-ANZ 6,7 in final size and general morphology on complex media. 5′AMP had no effect on the growth of 126-ANZ 6,7, but cyclic AMP inhibited growth after uredospore germination. Good growth and sporulation were obtained with 126-ANZ 6,7, but not with the other isolates tested, using a new, chemically defined liquid medium, sterilized by millipore filtration, and containing glucose, Czapek's minerals plus micronutrients, Ca2+, glucose and aspartic acid, glutathione, and cysteine. Uredospores produced in culture reinfected exposed mesophyll tissue, but not intact seedling leaves of wheat.Highly reproducible growth and sporulation of Melampsora lini, race 3, were obtained routinely on a solid medium containing Difco-Bacto agar, sucrose, Knop's minerals, micronutrients, yeast extract, peptone, and BSA. Vegetative cultures, capable of reinfecting the cut ends of surface-sterilized flax cotyledons, could be maintained indefinitely by subdivision before sporulation and transfer to the same medium minus BSA. Evidence is presented that BSA stimulated the development of colonies and the formation of uredospores. The mode of action of BSA is unknown, but it could not be replaced by putrescine.A new chemically defined, liquid medium containing sucrose, Knop's mineral salts, micronutrients, aspartic (or glutamic) acid, and cysteine supported the growth of colonies of Melampsora lini in a highly reproducible manner. The formation of uredospores and teliospores by these colonies was controlled by (a) the level of Ca2+ (as Ca(NO3)2∙4H2O), (b) the concentration of aspartic acid, and (c) the number of colonies per flask. At inoculum levels giving 40 to 60 colonies per flask, in media containing 8.5 mM Ca+ and 45 mM aspartic acid, uredospore formation occurred in 60 to 70% of the colonies. A decrease in the Ca2+ level to 4.25 mM, or a decrease in aspartic acid to 22.5 mM, or adjustment of the inoculum level to give about 10 colonies per flask each resulted in only infrequent sporulation. The uredospores produced in vitro infected intact, 1-week-old flax cotyledons in a normal manner.

THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF INDOLEACETIC ACID IN MELAMPSORA LINI (PERS.) LEV.

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. I. Sahai Srivastava ◽  
Michael Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Medium ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Extension Growth ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Melampsora Lini ◽  
Solvent Systems

Mycelium of Melampsora was grown on flax cotyledons in tissue cultures. Mycelium and uredospores were incubated with DL-tryptophane-2-C14 and uredospores were incubated with L-tryptophane. Acid and neutral ether-soluble and aqueous fractions of the plant material and incubation medium were chromatographed and sprayed with chromogenic agents or radioautographed. Radioactive indoleacetic acid was produced in small amounts by both mycelium and spores (yield = 0.016% in 8 hours). The auxin was identified on the basis of its Rf values in two solvent systems, its reactions with Ehrlich and Salkowski reagents, and its ability to promote extension growth of Avena coleoptiles. Evidence for the formation of indoleacetaldehyde was also obtained. Several other radioactive and Ehrlich-positive products of tryptophane metabolism were detected but not identified. One of these could have been indolepyruvic acid. Tryptamine and indoleacetonitrile were not found. The results suggest that, in Melampsora, the synthesis of indoleacetic acid from tryptophane proceeds through indolepyruvic acid and indoleacetaldehyde.

Effect of Yeast Extract Concentration on Viability and Cell Distortion inRhizobiumspp.

1977 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. SKINNER ◽  
R. J. ROUGHLEY ◽  
MURIEL R. CHANDLER
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Extract Concentration

Feather Keratin Hydrolysis by an Aquatic Bacterium Meiothermus I40 from Hot Spring Water

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing-Iong Yang ◽  
Jen-Min Kuo ◽  
Wen-Ming Chen ◽  
Huei-Jing Ke ◽  
Yi-Ju Chou
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Fermentation Conditions ◽  
Effective Factors ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Keratin Hydrolysis ◽  
Fermentation Parameters

After undergoing keratinase digestion, feather wastes could have a great potential as a source of proteins and amino acids for many applications. In this study, the fermentation conditions of feather-degrading Meiothermus sp. strain I40 (I40) were optimized to enhance the biodegradation of chicken feather to hydrolysates. Initially, the factors essential for I40 keratinase production in submerged fermentation were screened, whereas response surface methodology (RSM) was then employed to evaluate the interactions among the effective factors. At first stage, eight fermentation parameters were screened using a Plackett-Burman (PB) design. Four effective factors identified by PB screening, namely feather concentration, tryptone concentration, yeast extract concentration, and incubation temperature, were further investigated their effects on keratinase production by RSM using central composite design (CCD). The I40 fermentation conditions for maximal keratinase activity were as follows: tryptone concentration 0.16 percent (w/v), yeast extract concentration 0.27 percent (w/v), feather concentration 0.08 percent (w/v), and incubation temperature at 51.7°C for 72 hr under 120 rev/min shaking. Compared to the initial stage, a 13.3-fold increase in keratinase activity was achieved when I40 incubated in the optimized conditions.

scholarly journals Production of β-Glucosidase from a Newly IsolatedAspergillusSpecies Using Response Surface Methodology

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilanee Vaithanomsat ◽  
Molnapat Songpim ◽  
Taweesiri Malapant ◽  
Akihiko Kosugi ◽  
Warunee Thanapase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Sulfate Concentration ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Fermentation Parameters

A newly isolated fungusAspergillus nigerSOI017 was shown to be a good producer of β-glucosidase from all isolated fungal strains. Fermentation condition (pH, cellobiose concentration, yeast extract concentration, and ammonium sulfate concentration) was optimized for producing the enzyme in shake flask cultures. Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects of 4 fermentation parameters (yeast extract concentration, cellobiose concentration, ammonium sulfate concentration, and pH) on β-glucosidase enzyme production. Production of β-glucosidase was most sensitive to the culture medium, especially the nitrogen source yeast extract. The optimized medium for producing maximum β-glucosidase specific activity consisted of 0.275% yeast extract, 1.125% cellobiose, and 2.6% ammonium sulfate at a pH value of 3.

scholarly journals Design and optimization of hydrogen production from hydrothermally pretreated sugarcane bagasse using response surface methodology

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lais Américo Soares ◽  
Juliana Kawanishi Braga ◽  
Fabrício Motteran ◽  
Isabel Kimiko Sakamoto ◽  
Edson Luiz Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
P Value ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Extract Concentration

Hydrogen production from hydrothermally pretreated (200 °C for 10 min at 16 bar) sugarcane bagasse was analyzed using response surface methodology. The yeast extract concentration and the temperature had a significant influence for hydrogen production (p-value 0.027 and 0.009, respectively). Maximum hydrogen production (17.7 mmol/L) was observed with 3 g/L yeast extract at 60 °C (C10). In this conditions were produced acetic acid (50.44 mg/L), butyric acid (209.71 mg/L), ethanol (38.4 mg/L), and methane (6.27 mmol/L). Lower hydrogen productions (3.5 mmol/L and 3.9 mmol/L) were observed under the conditions C7 (2 g/L of yeast extract, 35.8 °C) and C9 (1 g/L of yeast extract, 40 °C), respectively. The low yeast extract concentration and low temperature caused a negative effect on the hydrogen production. By means of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis 20% of similarity was observed between the archaeal population of mesophilic (35 and 40 °C) and thermophilic (50, 60 and 64 °C) reactors. Likewise, similarity of 22% was noted between the bacterial population for the reactors with the lowest hydrogen production (3.5 mmol/L), at 35.8 °C and with the highest hydrogen production (17.7 mmol/L) at 60 °C demonstrating that microbial population modification was a function of incubation temperature variation.

Strain-dependent inhibition of nitrous oxide reduction in denitrifiers by yeast extract

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 1032-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiu-Kwok Chan ◽  
Peter R. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Oxide Reduction ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Reduction ◽  
Dependent Inhibition ◽  
Strain Dependent

Pseudomonas sp. type strain H8 (ATCC 35402) was shown to be capable of denitrification but unable to reduce N2O in a complex medium containing 0.15% yeast extract. When added to a defined medium, autoclaved or filter-sterilized yeast extract from various suppliers was confirmed to inhibit N2O reduction by H8. The inhibition increased to 90% when the yeast extract concentration was increased to 0.5% in the medium. Only one of seven other denitrifying pseudomonads tested was similarly inhibited. Fractionation of yeast extract on a Sephadex G-10 column showed that the component responsible was a small molecule (molecular weight <700) that eluted with the first uv absorption peak. The inhibition was reversible by the addition of 10 μM Cu2+. Reduced glutathione was assayed in the first fraction of the Sephadex eluate and was found to mimic the effect of yeast extract. It is proposed that yeast extract inhibits N2O reduction by certain denitrifiers through glutathione complexing of Cu2+ which is a cofactor of N2O reductase.

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