A microbiological control of Melampsora medusae

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 711-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P. McBride
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Nutrient Broth ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Bacillus Mycoides ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Aqueous Suspensions ◽  
Melampsora Medusae ◽  
Microbiological Control ◽  
Unidentified Species

Bacillus cereus Frankland and Frankland, Bacillus mycoides Flugge, and a third unidentified species of Bacillus occurred commonly as part of the saprophytic microflora on healthy foliage of Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco. In greenhouse experiments, application of a mixture of nutrient broth cultures of these bacteria on P. menziesii seedlings resulted in control of the needle rust Melampsora medusae Thüm. Less effective control occurred when aqueous suspensions of the bacteria and cell-free (Millipore-filtered) filtrates of the nutrient broth cultures were applied to the seedlings, before inoculation.

scholarly journals Confirmation and Control of HPPD-Inhibiting Herbicide–Resistant Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) in Nebraska

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxwel C. Oliveira ◽  
Amit J. Jhala ◽  
Todd Gaines ◽  
Suat Irmak ◽  
Keenan Amundsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Amaranthus Tuberculatus ◽  
Sites Of Action ◽  
And Control ◽  
Herbicide Programs

Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted in Nebraska to (1) confirm the 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD)-inhibiting resistant-waterhemp biotype (HPPD-RW) by quantifying the resistance levels in dose-response studies, and (2) to evaluate efficacy of PRE-only, POST-only, and PRE followed by POST herbicide programs for control of HPPD-RW in corn. Greenhouse dose-response studies confirmed that the suspected waterhemp biotype in Nebraska has evolved resistance to HPPD-inhibiting herbicides with a 2- to 18-fold resistance depending upon the type of HPPD-inhibiting herbicide being sprayed. Under field conditions, at 56 d after treatment, ≥90% control of the HPPD-RW was achieved with PRE-applied mesotrione/atrazine/S-metolachlor+acetochlor, pyroxasulfone (180 and 270 g ai ha−1), pyroxasulfone/fluthiacet-methyl/atrazine, and pyroxasulfone+saflufenacil+atrazine. Among POST-only herbicide programs, glyphosate, a premix of mesotrione/atrazine tank-mixed with diflufenzopyr/dicamba, or metribuzin, or glufosinate provided ≥92% HPPD-RW control. Herbicide combinations of different effective sites of action in mixtures provided ≥86% HPPD-RW control in PRE followed by POST herbicide programs. It is concluded that the suspected waterhemp biotype is resistant to HPPD-inhibiting herbicides and alternative herbicide programs are available for effective control in corn. The occurrence of HPPD-RW in Nebraska is significant because it limits the effectiveness of HPPD-inhibiting herbicides.

Spread, Growth Parameters, and Reproductive Potential for Brown Flatsedge (Cyperus fuscus)

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles T. Bryson ◽  
Richard Carter
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Pearl River ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Rice Agriculture ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Ecological Range

AbstractBrown flatsedge (Cyperus fuscus) is widely distributed in Europe, Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and the Mediterranean region of Northern Africa. It was apparently introduced into North America in the late 1800s and has steadily moved southward and westward. Brown flatsedge is reported new to Arkansas and Mississippi herewith. Field observations from early spring until frost were made between 2003 and 2007 from populations present at three sites: Chicot County, Arkansas, and Pearl River and Washington counties, Mississippi. Under natural field conditions, brown flatsedge plants germinated from late March and early April until frost. Inflorescences were observed in mid-May and seed production continued until frost. In field populations, the average numbers of scales per spikelet, inflorescences per plant, and spikelets per inflorescence were 15, 28, and 33, respectively. Greenhouse experiments were established in 2008 at Stoneville, MS, to determine growth parameters and the reproductive potential of brown flatsedge. In greenhouse experiments, by 10 wk after emergence (WAE), brown flatsedge plants were 30.2 cm tall and 63.9 cm in diameter, and dry weights were 1.4, 1.0, 2.0, 0.5, and 1.9 g for roots, culms, leaves, bracts, and inflorescences, respectively. Brown flatsedge culms and inflorescences appeared 5 WAE, and by 9 WAE all plants were producing seed. Brown flatsedge could pose a threat to natural plant communities and rice agriculture in Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Tennessee, and Texas. Additional research is needed to determine seed longevity and ecological range potential, and to develop inexpensive and effective control methods.

scholarly journals Pan-Genome Portrait of Bacillus mycoides Provides Insights into the Species Ecology and Evolution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Fiedoruk ◽  
Justyna M. Drewnowska ◽  
Jacques Mahillon ◽  
Monika Zambrzycka ◽  
Izabela Swiecicka
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationship ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Cold Climates ◽  
Bacillus Mycoides ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pan Genome ◽  
First Time ◽  
Species Ecology

This research allows deeper understanding of the genetic organization of natural bacterial populations, specifically, Bacillus mycoides , a psychrotrophic member of the Bacillus cereus group that is widely distributed worldwide, especially in areas with continental cold climates. These thorough analyses made it possible to describe, for the first time, the B. mycoides pan-genome, phylogenetic relationship within this species, and the mechanisms behind the species ecology and evolutionary history.

scholarly journals A Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA Marker Specific for the Bacillus cereus Group Is Diagnostic forBacillus anthracis

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 1298-1303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Daffonchio ◽  
Sara Borin ◽  
Giuseppe Frova ◽  
Romina Gallo ◽  
Elena Mori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Dna Marker ◽  
Restriction Analysis ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Open Reading Frame ◽  
The Other ◽  
Randomly Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Bacillus Mycoides ◽  
Bacillus Cereus Group ◽  
Reading Frame

ABSTRACT Aiming to develop a DNA marker specific for Bacillus anthracis and able to discriminate this species fromBacillus cereus, Bacillus thuringiensis, andBacillus mycoides, we applied the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting technique to a collection of 101 strains of the genus Bacillus, including 61 strains of theB. cereus group. An 838-bp RAPD marker (SG-850) specific for B. cereus, B. thuringiensis, B. anthracis, and B. mycoides was identified. This fragment included a putative (366-nucleotide) open reading frame highly homologous to the ypuA gene of Bacillus subtilis. The restriction analysis of the SG-850 fragment withAluI distinguished B. anthracis from the other species of the B. cereus group.

Inhibition of Bacillus anthracis and Potential Surrogate Bacilli Growth from Spore Inocula by Nisin and Other Antimicrobial Peptides

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2529-2533 ◽  
Author(s):  
THOMAS J. MONTVILLE ◽  
TARA DE SIANO ◽  
ADAM NOCK ◽  
SALLY PADHI ◽  
DAVID WADE
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Bacillus Mycoides ◽  
Magainin Ii ◽  
Bacillus Strains

The ability of nisin, synthetic temporin analogs, magainins, defensins, and cecropins to inhibit Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus mycoides, and Bacillus subtilis growth from spore inocula was determined using well diffusion assays. Nisin, magainin II amide, and defensins were inhibitory in screening against B. anthracis Sterne or B. cereus ATCC 7004, but only nisin inhibited virulent B. anthracis strains. The MICs of nisin against the 10 Bacillus strains examined were 0.70 to 13.51 μg/ml. Synthetic temporin analogs also inhibited B. anthracis but were not as potent as nisin. None of the strains examined were appropriate B. anthracis surrogates for testing sensitivity to antimicrobial peptides.

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