CHEMOSYSTEMATIC STUDIES IN THE GENUS PICEA (PINACEAE): I. INTRODUCTION

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 891-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. von Rudloff
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Single Tree ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Needle Analysis

The application of volatile leaf oil analyses in chemosystematic studies of North American spruces was investigated. The optimum conditions for sampling and recovery of oil from the foliage of local Picea glauca (Moench) Voss and P. mariana (Mill.) B.S.P. were determined. Each oil was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by gas–liquid chromatography. Single needle analysis was also employed. No qualitative and relatively little quantitative variation was found to occur at different sides or heights of a single tree, between trees of different ages, nor at different harvest times between late summer and early winter. Hence, conditions have been found which give a characteristic terpene distribution pattern which may serve as an independent chemotaxonomic character.

CHEMOSYSTEMATIC STUDIES IN THE GENUS PICEA (PINACEAE): II. THE LEAF OIL OF PICEA GLAUCA AND P. MARIANA

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1703-1714 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Von Rudloff
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Ecological Differences

The leaf oils from white and black spruce obtained from different locations in Western and Eastern Canada, Michigan, and Minnesota, have been analyzed by gas liquid chromatography. Both species were found to have a remarkably consistent and distinctive distribution pattern of the leaf oil terpenes. The quantitative variations encountered in samples of the same species from different populations are relatively small and ecological differences are not found to affect the leaf oil composition. Hence, analysis of spruce leaf oils appears to be highly suitable for a study of introgression and hybridization.

Chemosystematic studies in the genus Picea (Pinaceae). III. The leaf oil of a Picea glauca × mariana hybrid (Rosendahl spruce)

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. von Rudloff ◽  
M. J. Holst
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Hybrid Origin ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Picea Species

The terpene composition of the leaf oils of the Rosendahl spruce, white spruce, and black spruce as isolated from provenances derived from Cromwell, Minnesota, was determined by gas–liquid chromatography. The chemical composition was found to reflect the hybrid origin of the Rosendahl spruce. This confirms that the leaf oil composition of Picea species may serve as a biochemical character in chemo systematic studies.

Chemosystematic studies in the genus Picea (Pinaceae). IV. The introgression of white and Engelmann spruce as found along the Bow River

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 901-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. Ogilvie ◽  
E. von Rudloff
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Quantitative Variation ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Engelmann Spruce ◽  
Leaf Oil

The leaf oil of the spruces found along the Bow River from the foothills to Bow Summit was analyzed by gas–liquid chromatography. The terpene distribution patterns obtained were compared with the morphological data derived from the cones and twigs of the same trees. The results obtained confirm that typical white spruce occurs at low elevation whereas active hybridization with Engelmann spruce occurs at levels above 5000 ft. Although the trees at the timberline (7200 ft) had predominantly Engelmann spruce characteristics, much variation from tree to tree was encountered. In the terpene composition the quantitative variation was too large to permit conclusions about a typical Engelmann spruce terpene distribution pattern.

Gas-liquid chromatography of terpenes. Part XVI. The volatile oil of the leaves of Juniperus ashei Buchholz

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 679-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Von Rudloff
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Bornyl Acetate ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Juniperus Ashei ◽  
Methylene Groups ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Ashe Juniper ◽  
First Time ◽  
Unique Chemical

The major components of the leaf oil of the Ashe juniper were found to be d-camphor (42.1 %), d-bornyl acetate (22.5%), d-limonene (8.4%), tricyclene (4.8%), d-camphene (4.4%), d-borneol (2.9%), p-cymene (2.8%), d-α-myrcene (1.8%), d-α-pinene (1.7%), and d-camphene hydrate (1.5%). This appears to be the first time that the latter alcohol has been isolated from a natural source. Smaller amounts of linalool, carvone, elemol, and traces of trans-2-methyl-6-methylene-3,7-octadien-2-ol were also identified. Several alcohols having terminal methylene groups were isolated in trace amounts.The monoterpenes found in this oil are not typical for the genus Juniperus and this result offers a unique chemical approach to the study of introgression of the Ashe juniper with other juniper species.

GAS–LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY OF TERPENES: PART X. THE VOLATILE OILS OF THE LEAVES OF SITKA AND ENGELMANN SPRUCE

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 1057-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. VON RUDLOFF
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Bornyl Acetate ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
Percentage Composition ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Engelmann Spruce ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Aliphatic Esters

The leaf oils from Sitka and Engelmann spruce were obtained in 0.36 and 0.094% yield respectively. The average percentage composition was determined by gas–liquid chromatography. Sitka spruce leaf oil was found to contain mainly d-myrcene (23.5%), l-piperitone (23.2%), and d-camphor (17.2%). Smaller amounts of 1,8-cineole, l-β-phellandrene, p-cymene, two aliphatic esters, d-bornyl acetate, d-borneol, and d-terpinen-4-ol were also isolated and several other esters appeared to be present in small amounts. Engelmann spruce leaf oil was found to contain mainly cis-hex-3-en-1-ol (18.5%), d-camphor (16.0%), d-bornyl acetate (8.6%), d-linalool (5.8%), and two unidentified compounds. Smaller amounts of myrcene, β-phellandrene, p-cymene, piperitone, and several sesquiterpenoids were also recorded. Tricyclene, α-pinene, camphene, β-pinene, 3-carene, limonene, γ-terpinene, and terpinolene were found in small amounts in both oils.Phylogenetic relationships between the different spruces and other conifers are discussed.

sGAS–LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY OF TERPENES: PART XI. THE VOLATILE OIL OF THE LEAVES OF JUNIPERUS SCOPULORUM SARG

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1890-1895 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. von Rudloff ◽  
F. M. Couchman
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Juniperus Scopulorum

The neutral leaf oil of Rocky Mountain juniper was analyzed by gas–liquid chromatography. d-Sabinene was found to be the major constituent (45.7%) and smaller amounts of d-limonene (11.4%), d-α-pinene (4.2%), γ-terpinene (1.15%), p-cymene (1.4%), l-linalool (1.2%), d-terpinen-4-ol (2.9%), citronellol (0.2%),l-β-elemene (0.2–0.3%), three isomeric cadinenes (2.7%), l-elemol (6.0%), and safrole (1.85%) were isolated. α-Thujene, camphene, car-3-ene, myrcene, α-terpinene, terpinolene, thujone, isothujone, methyl citronellate, sabinyl acetate, sabinol, geraniol, α- and δ-cadinol, and trans-isoeugenol were tentatively identified. An unidentified acetate (II) (4.7%) was isolated from the oxygenated sesquiterpene fraction and another appears to be present in trace amounts.The composition of the oils from the leaves of four local ornamental plants was found to differ significantly from that of the wild juniper.

GAS–LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY OF TERPENES: PART XIII. THE VOLATILE OIL OF THE LEAVES OF JUNIPERUS HORIZONTALS MOENCH

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1017-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Couchman ◽  
E. Von Rudloff
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Leaf Oil

The neutral leaf oil of the creeping juniper from the Prairies was analyzed by gas–liquid chromatography. d-Sabinene (36.5%) was found to be the major constituent, and smaller amounts of d-limonene (17.5%), p-cymene (3.0%), d-α-pinene (1.6%), γ-terpinene (0.4%), d-terpinen-4-ol (4.6%), linalool (0.8%), citronellol (0.8%), γ-cadinene (1.3%), l-elemol (3.8%), α-cadinol or γ-eudesmol (1.6%), and impure α-cyperone (3.9%) were isolated. α-Thujene (3.0%), camphene (0.2%), β-pinene (0.3%), myrcene (3.0%),β-phellandrene (0.2%,), terpinolene (0.1%), 2,4-(8)-p-menthadiene (0.1%), methyl citronellate (0.4%), and geraniol (0.2%) were tentatively identified. The composition of this oil closely resembles that of Rocky Mountain juniper leaves. A small amount of the oil from a hybrid of these two species was analyzed and the possibility of detecting hybridization by analysis of the leaf oil is discussed.

Identification of impurities in benzyl butyl phthalate by gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 2202-2210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Novrocík ◽  
Marta Novosadová
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Routine Analysis ◽  
Gaseous Ammonia ◽  
Side Reactions ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Benzyl Butyl Phthalate ◽  
Butyl Phthalate

The impurities present in benzyl butyl phthalate of Monsanto, Belgium, and in benzyl butyl phthalate prepared by a modified procedure employing gaseous ammonia instead of triethylamine were identified by GLC-MS. Columns appropriate for the GLC analysis of this plasticizer were selected and their advantages and disadvantages discussed, and the optimum conditions for complete, rapid routine analysis of benzyl butyl phthalate were established. The side reactions proceeding during the preparation of benzyl butyl phthalate are discussed based on the identification of the impurities present.

A study of asphalt-aggregate interactions using inverse gas-liquid chromatography

1974 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 645-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Alan Barbour ◽  
Richard V. Barbour ◽  
J. Claine Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography

GASCHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF STEROIDS IN THE URINE OF PATIENTS WITH CUSHING'S SYNDROME

1971 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Moolenaar ◽  
A. P. van Seters
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Cushing’S Syndrome ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Cushing's Syndrome ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Obese Subjects

ABSTRACT The 17-oxosteroids were estimated in the urine of 27 patients with Cushing's syndrome by gas-liquid chromatography (G. L. C.). The values of the various steroid fractions are compared with those of normal subjects, patients with thyrotoxicosis and obese subjects. The effect of the age of the patients on the diagnostic value of the invidual 17-oxosteroids and their ratios is discussed.

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