MODERN POLLEN RAIN STUDIES IN EASTERN ONTARIO

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. King ◽  
Ronald O. Kapp
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Southwestern United States ◽  
Pollen Trap ◽  
Modern Pollen ◽  
Pollen Rain ◽  
Moss Polsters ◽  
Eastern Ontario

Moss polsters were collected at 15 sites between Toronto and Lake Timagami, Ontario, and at 4 localities in the Lake Timagami area for the purpose of determining the regional pollen rain and its local variations. Pollen percentages of Acer, Quercus, Ambrosia, Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, and Gramineae decrease northward and Picea, Pinus, and Betula increase at the more northerly sites. From the three most northern sites a regional pollen rain was calculated by averaging the percentages from nine pollen spectra. In this area the regional pollen rain is dominated by Picea (15%), Pinus (38%), and Betula (22%). At one site a grain of Ephedra was recovered, apparently carried in by long range drift. The nearest place that it grows naturally is in the southwestern United States. Various pollen trap types were investigated and it was found that all types of moss polsters and some types of decaying stumps (depending on their moisture-holding capacity) were effective in preserving the modern pollen rain.

Modern pollen-vegetation relationships along a steep temperature gradient in the Tropical Andes of Ecuador

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberley Hagemans ◽  
Claudia-Dana Tóth ◽  
Manuela Ormaza ◽  
William D. Gosling ◽  
Dunia H. Urrego ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Montane Forest ◽  
Sediment Surface ◽  
Tropical Andes ◽  
Modern Pollen ◽  
Surface Samples ◽  
Steep Temperature Gradient ◽  
Pollen Rain ◽  
Moss Polsters

AbstractThe characterization of modern pollen rain assemblages along environmental gradients is an essential prerequisite for reliable interpretations of fossil pollen records. In this study, we identify pollen-vegetation relationships using modern pollen rain assemblages in moss polsters (n = 13) and lake sediment surface samples (n = 11) along a steep temperature gradient of 7°C (3100–4200 m above sea level) on the western Andean Cordillera, Ecuador. The pollen rain is correlated to vascular plant abundance data recorded in vegetation relevées (n = 13). Results show that pollen spectra from both moss polsters and sediment surface samples reflect changes in species composition along the temperature gradient, despite overrepresentation of upper montane forest taxa in the latter. Estimated pollen transport distance for a lake (Laguna Llaviucu) situated in a steep upper montane forest valley is 1–2 km, while a lake (Laguna Pallcacocha) in the páramo captures pollen input from a distance of up to 10–40 km. Weinmannia spp., Podocarpus spp., and Hedyosmum sp. are indicators of local upper montane forest vegetation, while Phlegmariurus spp. and Plantago spp. are indicators for local páramo vegetation.

Giardia and Virus Monitoring of Sewage Effluent in the State of Arizona

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan B. Rose ◽  
Ricardo De Leon ◽  
Charles P. Gerba
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Limited Resource ◽  
The State ◽  
Sewage Effluent ◽  
Sand Filtration ◽  
Southwestern United States ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Giardia Cysts

Arizona, located in the arid Southwestern United States, is heavily dependent on groundwater. In order to protect this limited resource, wastewater reuse has been implemented. Virus and Giardia monitoring of wastewater used for irrigation has also been initiated as a means for controlling the public's exposure to these pathogens. Treatment facilities must produce wastewater with no detectable Giardia cysts and one virus plaque forming unit (pfu) per 40 liters (L) for unrestricted reuse. For restricted reuse, 125 pfu/40 L is allowed. Methods based on filtration were used to monitor facilities at monthly, quarterly or biannual frequencies. Results after two years of monitoring are presented. All 11 treatment facilities produced water meeting the virus standard of 125 pfu/40 L. Only plants which used sand filtration and disinfection achieved consistent levels of virus below 1 pfu/40 L. Out of 70 samples, 74% contained no detectable viruses. Giardia was detected in 29 to 50% of the samples. Most plants would need to upgrade their treatment in order to meet standards for unrestricted irrigation.

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