THE EFFECT OF LIGHT QUALITY ON THE PRODUCTS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN GREEN AND BLUE-GREEN ALGAE, AND IN PHOTOSYNTHETIC BACTERIA

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 1619-1630 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. W. Hauschild ◽  
C. D. Nelson ◽  
G. Krotkov
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Photosynthetic Bacterium ◽  
Chlorella Pyrenoidosa ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Rate Of Photosynthesis ◽  
Effect Of Light

The effect of light quality on the products of photosynthesis has been studied in two species of green algae, Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Scenedesmus acuminatus, the blue-green alga Microcystis aeruginosa, and the photosynthetic bacterium Chromatium sp.The test organism was placed in C14-bicarbonate and illuminated at saturation intensities of red, red plus supplementary blue, blue alone, or white light. After 30 minutes, the distribution of C14 among the products of photosynthesis was determined using the techniques of paper chromatography and autoradiography.At a high concentration of cells of Chlorella pyrenoidosa, blue light caused an increase in C14 in aspartic, glutamic, fumaric, and malic acids and a decrease in sucrose and phosphate esters, although the rate of photosynthesis remained the same. At a low concentration of cells, similar changes were found, and these were accompanied by an increase in the rate of photosynthesis.Similar changes in the distribution of C14 due to blue light were found also in Scenedesmus. In Microcystis, a substantial increase in C14 due to blue light was found only in glutamic acid. The rate of photosynthesis remained the same in both organisms.The results indicate that the nature of the effect of blue light is the same in all of these organisms and in Chlorella vulgaris which was studied previously.Pretreatment in darkness is a prerequisite for a pronounced effect of blue light on the products as well as the rate of photosynthesis.No effect of light quality was found in Chromatium.

scholarly journals Effect of light quality on the cultivation of chlorella pyrenoidosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 ◽  
pp. 02033
Author(s):  
Hancheng Guo ◽  
Zhiguo Fang
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Specific Growth Rate ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Chlorella Pyrenoidosa ◽  
Effect Of Light

Effect of light quality, including red light, blue light, white light, red and blue mixing light with 8:1, 8:2 and 8:3, on the growth characteristics and metabolite accumulation of chlorella pyrenoidosa was conducted based on light emitting diode (LED). Results showed that chlorella pyrenoidosa grew best under blue light, and the optical density, specific growth rate and biomass of chlorella pyrenoidosa was about 2.4, 0.10 d-1 and 6.4 g·L-1, respectively, while the optical density of chlorella pyrenoidosa was between 1.0 and 1.7, specific growth rate was between 0.06-0.10 d-1 and biomass was between 2.7 and 3.8 g·L-1 under other light quality after 30 days of cultivation. The optical density, specific growth rate and biomass of chlorella pyrenoidosa was approximately 2.05 times, 1.33 times and 2.06 times under blue light than red light, respectively. Moreover, Red and blue mixing light was conducive to the synthesis of chlorophyll a and carotenoids of chlorella pyrenoidosa, and blue light could promote the synthesis of chlorophyll b. Chlorophyll a and carotenoids content of chlorella pyrenoidosa was 13.5 mg·g-1and 5.8 mg·g-1 respectively under red and blue mixing light with 8:1, while it was 8.4 mg·g-1 and 3.6 mg·g-1 respectively under blue light. Red and blue mixing light was more conducive to protein and total lipid content per dry cell of chlorella pyrenoidosa. Protein and total lipid content was 489.3 mg·g-1 and 311.2 mg·g-1 under red and blue mixing light with 8:3, while it was 400.9 mg·g-1 and 231.9 mg·g-1 respectively under blue light.

THE EFFECT OF LIGHT QUALITY ON THE PRODUCTS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN CHLORELLA VULGARIS

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. W. Hauschild ◽  
C. D. Nelson ◽  
G. Krotkov
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Glycolic Acid ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Total Radioactivity ◽  
Rate Of Photosynthesis ◽  
Effect Of Light

Suspensions of Chlorella vulgaris, grown in synchronous culture, were pretreated in darkness for 45 to 225 minutes and illuminated in the presence of C14-bicarbonate with red, with red plus 4% of blue, and with blue light alone. The light intensities were so adjusted that the rate of photosynthesis (fixation of C14) was the same under the different conditions of illumination. The distribution of C14 among the various compounds of the ethanol-soluble fraction was obtained using paper chromatography and autoradiography.After 5 minutes of photosynthesis, the incorporation of C14 into aspartic acid was higher in the presence of red with supplementary blue light than in red light alone. At the same time the total radioactivity in glycine plus serine and in glycolic acid decreased. After 30 minutes of photosynthesis, blue light supplementary to red and blue light alone increased the total incorporation of C14 into the amino acid plus organic acid fraction as compared with incorporation in red light. This was due mainly to an increase in the radioactivity of aspartic and glutamic acids, while at the same time the radioactivity in glycine and glycolic acid was reduced.The duration of dark pretreatment was an important factor in the 30-minute experiments. The effect of increased dark pretreatment was to lower the incorporation of C14 into aspartic and glutamic acids when photosynthesis was carried out in red light, but the incorporation of C14 into these acids was increased in the presence of supplementary blue light.It is concluded that the distribution of carbon among the products of photosynthesis is affected by the quality of light.

scholarly journals Effect of Light Quality and Microbiological Inoculum on Geranium (Pelargonium zonale L.) Gas Exchange Parameters

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Barbara SCHROETER-ZAKRZEWSKA ◽  
Klaudia BOROWIAK ◽  
Agnieszka WOLNA-MARUWKA
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Intercellular Co2 Concentration ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Pelargonium Zonale ◽  
Effective Microorganisms ◽  
Effect Of Light

Geranium plants were cultivated in a growth chamber with different light quality and microorganism inoculation conditions. The long-term effect of irradiance quality (LED and fluorescent) as well as two types of microorganism treatments on photosynthetic activity parameters was examined. The maximum reached values of net photosynthesis rate (PN), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (E) and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) were afterwards measured in plants cultivated under six colours of light – white, white-blue, blue, red, red-blue and green – emitted by two types of lamp: LED and fluorescent. Two types of microorganism treatments were used: BAF1 created in the Department of General and Environmental Microbiology and the commonly used Effective Microorganisms (EM) biopreparation. A highest level of PN were found in plants after cultivation under white-blue light (both – fluorescent and LED) and treated by BAF1. The positive effect of EM was only noted in the case of plants cultivated under blue-red fluorescent light. Considering plants without microbial inoculation the highest levels were recorded in plants under red and blue light. The comparison of the effect of light quality revealed that in all colours a higher or similar level of net photosynthetic rate was noted in plants under LEDs. Mostly the higher photosynthetic activity was connected with higher stomatal opening as well as with higher transpiration rate, which is especially true for plants cultivated under red and blue LED light.

Growth requirements of blue-green algae under blue light conditions

1974 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 303-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren M. Pulich ◽  
Chase Van Baalen
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Growth Requirements

scholarly journals Biosynthesis of phytoquinones. Homogentisic acid: a precursor of plastoquinones, tocopherols and α-tocopherolquinone in higher plants, green algae and blue–green algae

1970 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 593-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Whistance ◽  
D. R. Threlfall
Keyword(s):  
Green Algae ◽  
Phenylacetic Acid ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Chlorella Pyrenoidosa ◽  
Homogentisic Acid ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Methyl Groups ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Hydroxyphenylacetic Acid ◽  
Tracer Experiments

1. By means of 14C tracer experiments and isotope competition experiments the roles of d-tyrosine, p-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid, p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, phenylacetic acid, homogentisic acid and homoarbutin (2-methylquinol 4-β-d-glucoside) in the biosynthesis of plastoquinones, tocopherols and α-tocopherolquinone by maize shoots was investigated. It was established that d-tyrosine, p-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid and homogentisic acid can all be utilized for this purpose, whereas p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, phenylacetic acid and homoarbutin cannot. Studies on the mode of incorporation of d-tyrosine, p-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid and homogentisic acid showed that their nuclear carbon atoms and the side-chain carbon atom adjacent to the nucleus give rise (as a C6-C1 unit) to the p-benzoquinone rings and nuclear methyl groups (one in each case) of plastoquinone-9 and α-tocopherolquinone and the aromatic nuclei and nuclear methyl groups (one in each case) of γ-tocopherol and α-tocopherol. 2. By using [14C]-homogentisic acid it has been shown that homogentisic acid is also a precursor of plastoquinone, tocopherols and α-tocopherolquinone in the higher plants Lactuca sativa and Rumex sanguineus, the green algae Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Euglena gracilis and the blue–green alga Anacystis nidulans.

Underwater light climate and the growth and pigmentation of planktonic blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria) II. The influence of light quality

1986 ◽  
Vol 227 (1248) ◽  
pp. 381-393 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Flux Density ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
White Light ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Blue Green Algae

The influence of light quality on the growth and chlorophyll and phycobiliprotein composition of eight strains of planktonic blue-green algae has been investigated. Growth rate in chromatic (red, green, blue) light (12 μE m -2 s -1 ) (1 μE = 6 × 10 17 photons) is a general function of the light absorption capacity of the cell. In all strains examined growth rate is enhanced in red light, and in Oscillatoria redekei and Gloeotrichia echinulata CC1 it exceeds the maximum growth rate possible in white light of a higher photon flux density under otherwise similar experimental conditions. In green light the growth rate of six phycocyanin-rich strains is approximately 60–75% of that in white light (12 μE m -2 s -1 ), but growth rate is enhanced in O. agardhii 7821 and G. echinulata CC1, which synthesize the green-light-absorbing phycobiliprotein, phycoerythrin. With the exception of these two phycoerythrin-producing strains, incubation in blue light results in a pronounced reduction in growth rate, which in the majority of strains is associated with a specific decline in cell chlorophyll concentrations. In all strains cell chlorophyll and phycobiliprotein content is similar in both white and green light. Associated with the enhancement of growth rate in red light there is a general decline in cell pigment concentrations. An increase in the cell chlorophyll: phycobiliprotein ratio also occurs in a number of strains in red light. This qualitative variation in pigmentation occurs where growth rate is at or near its maximum rate and in Gloeotrichia echinulata CC1 is the result of a specific reduction in the rate of phycoerythrin synthesis. In contrast to other blue-green algae capable of chromatic adaptation, the modulation of phycoerythrin synthesis in this strain is influenced considerably by the photon flux density of red light.

Study on Biological Fixation of High-Concentration CO2 Using Chlorella Pyrenoidosa

2011 ◽  
Vol 343-344 ◽  
pp. 361-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Peng Yang ◽  
Xiu Lin Wang ◽  
Xiao Yong Shi ◽  
Ke Qiang Li ◽  
Li Hong Yue
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Chlorella Pyrenoidosa ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Biological Fixation ◽  
Inoculation Density ◽  
The World

CO2 emissions have serious impact on the world economy, especially at high-concentration. Green algae are known to have a tolerance to high CO2 level. In this paper, the rate of CO2 fixation using Chlorella Pyrenoidosa was analyzed in different environments. 1) Chlorella Pyrenoidosa fixed CO2 slowly in air, while this alga could rapidly grow in high-concentration CO2 until CO2 level was beyond 10%. At 25% CO2, the rate of CO2 fixation was lower than that at 10% CO2, but still 1.18 times as higher as in air. 2) At lower initial inoculation density of Chlorella Pyrenoidosa, its growth rate was relatively high but the rate of CO2 fixation was low. When initial inoculation density beyond 0.187×108cells/ml, the average rate of CO2 fixation was ranged from 2.786 gCO2/L·d to 2.847 gCO2/L·d. 3) During the five days, the average rate of CO2 fixation was 3.044 gCO2/L·d in NaNO3 resource. When NH4Cl or NaNO2 is regarded as N resource, the rate of CO2 fixation was almost neglectable.

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