LEAF GROWTH IN MARQUIS WHEAT, AS REGULATED BY TEMPERATURE, LIGHT INTENSITY, AND DAYLENGTH

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 1299-1311 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. C. Friend ◽  
V. A. Helson ◽  
J. E. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Continuous Illumination ◽  
Leaf Lamina ◽  
Leaf Initiation ◽  
Total Light ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

The area of a fully-grown leaf lamina varied according to its position on the stem, and the temperature, light intensity, and photoperiod under which the plant was grown.In continuous illumination, raising the temperature by 5° intervals between 10 and 25 °C, resulted in progressively higher rates of leaf initiation, emergence, and expansion. The length of the lamina increased with each increase in temperature, but the breadth and thickness decreased. The greatest area of individual leaves was formed at 20 °C. Each increase in light intensity over the range 200, 500, 1000, 1750, and 2500 ft-c resulted in higher rates of leaf initiation, emergence, and expansion, and increases in breadth and thickness, but a decrease in length. The greatest area was formed at 1000–1750 ft-c.An increase in daylength from 8 to 24 hours increased leaf length, breadth, and area. This was a photoperiodic effect, unlike the increase in thickness with increased daylength, which was related to the total light energy received.Changes in leaf shape under different environmental conditions were not directly related to changes in leaf dry weight. A control of leaf growth by hormonal mechanisms sensitive to photoperiod seems more probable than does control by internal competition for assimilates among developing leaves.

scholarly journals Growth and Yield Response of Rodent Tuber (Typhonium flagelliforme (Lodd.) Blume) under Different Light Intensities and Concentrations of Paclobutrazol

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Noorwitri Utami ◽  
Lukita Devy ◽  
Arief Arianto
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Concentration Level ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Full Sunlight ◽  
Anticancer Treatment ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Rodent tuber (Typhonium flagelliforme (Lodd) Blume) is one of the medicinal plants used for anticancer treatment, but the information on the cultivation of the plant is limited. The objectives of this research was to study the effect of light intensity and concentration level of paclobutrazol on growth and yield of rodent tuber. This research was conducted at Puspiptek Serpong, Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia. This experiment arranged in a split plot design with three replications. The main plot is light intensity (35, 55, and 100%). The sub plot is concentration level of paclobutrazol (0, 50, 100, and 150 ppm). Paclobutrazol applied as soil drench at one month after planting. In each application 500 ml solution was used. Variables observed consisted of plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, leaf and tuber fresh weight; and leaf and tuber dry weight. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Duncan Multiple Range test at 5%. The result showed that interaction between light intensity and paclobutrazol affected the whole observed variable. Dry weight of tuber under 35% light intensity was lower than those in other light intensity for all treatments of paclobutrazol. Full sunlight intensity showed better dry weight in all treatments of paclobutrazol. However the dry weight decreasing significantly at 150 ppm paclobutrazol, but still higher than those in 35% light intensity. Therefore, rodent tuber is better cultivated under full sunlight and 55% light intensity with 100 ppm paclobutrazol.

scholarly journals Leaf Characteristics and Yield Performance of Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) Varieties under Different Levels of Shading

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-51
Author(s):  
M A Hossain ◽  
M A Hasan ◽  
S Sikder ◽  
A K M M B Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Spongy Layer ◽  
Partial Shade ◽  
Shade Condition ◽  
Reduced Light ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the leaf characteristics and yield performances of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) under different light levels at the Crop Physiology and Ecology Research Field of Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur during March to June 2016. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications. Three light levels (L100 - 100 % light intensity, L75- 75 % light intensity and L50- 50% light intensity) were assigned in the main plots and four varieties (BARl Mung-6, BINA Mung-8, BINA Mung-5 and BU Mug-4) were assigned in subplots. Mosquito nets of different pore size were used for maintaining 75 and 50 percent light intensity. Leaf area was increased due to reduced light levels in all mugbean varieties but the increment was significant in BINA Mung-5 and BINA Mung-8 only at 75% light intensity at 40 days after sowing and only in BARI Mung-6 with L50 and BU Mug-4 with L75 and L50at 50 days after sowing. Due to reduced light levels, leaf dry weight was affected more in BINA Mung-5 and BU Mug- 4 than BARI Mung-6 and BINA Mung-8. Leaf thickness was reduced under shade in all the mungbean varieties, except in BU Mug-4 at 75% light intensity, and the reduction in leaf thickness was mainly due to the reduction in thickness of spongy layer. The palisade layer thickness was influenced insignificantly but spongy layer thickness was increased in BINA Mung-5 at 100% light intensity. The grain yields (t ha-1) of BARI Mung-6 and BINA Mung-8 remained stable under partial shade condition but the grain yield of BINA Mung-5 and BU Mug-4 was reduced drastically under partial shade condition. Higher leaf dry weight, number of pods plant-1, seeds pod-1, and heavier grains in BARI Mung-6 and BINA Mung-8 contributed to the higher grain yield plant-1 under partial shade condition than in BINA Mung-5 and BU Mug-4.The Agriculturists 2017; 15(2) 40-51

INTERACTIONS ENTRE LES TEMPERATURES RACINAIRES ET NOCTURNES SUR LE DEVELOPPEMENT FOLIAIRE ET LA CAPACITE PHOTOSYNTHETIQUE DE PLANTS DE TOMATE CV. VENDOR

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDRÉ GOSSELIN ◽  
MARC-J. TRUDEL
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Root Temperature ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Plant Photosynthesis ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight ◽  
Capacité Photosynthétique

Six-week-old tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ’Vendor’) were maintained at five root temperatures (12, 18, 24, 30 or 36 °C) and five night air temperatures (8, 12, 16, 20 or 24 °C) for a period of 4 wk. Increase in root temperature partly offset the negative effects of low night air temperature on leaf dry weight and leaf area. Our results showed that higher root temperatures (30 °C) are required at low night air temperature (8 °C) for optimum plant growth. Lower rates of plant photosynthesis at low root and/or night air temperatures resulted mainly from reduced leaf growth and expansion, but also from a decrease in the photosynthetic capacity of the leaves. Our results suggest combining split-night temperature and soil warming techniques to improve the productivity of tomato plants and to reduce greenhouse heating costs.Key words: Tomato substrate, temperature, photosynthesis, growth

scholarly journals Leaf Characteristics and Grain Yield of Three Aromatic Rice Cultivars as Influenced by 6-Benzylaminopurine

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-30
Author(s):  
M. C. Devsharmma ◽  
B. C. Sarker ◽  
S. K. Pramanik
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Aromatic Rice ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Leaf Characteristics ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

To explore the effects of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) on leaf characteristics and grain yield of aromatic rice the present investigation was carried out. The experimental materials comprising four concentrations of BAP (0 ppm, 30 ppm, 60 ppm and 90 ppm) and three aromatic rice cultivars (Chinigura, Kataribhog and Kalijira). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design and replicated thrice. Statistical analysis indicated that leaf characteristics and grain yield of aromatic rice were significantly influenced by the concentrations of BAP. Leaf number, leaf length, leaf breadth, leaf dry weight, panicle length, 500-grain weight and grain yield were increased with the increasing concentration of BAP. Among the concentrations, the 90 ppm of BAP performed better regarding the parameters studied. Maximum number of leaf, longest leaf, maximum leaf dry weight, highest length breadth ratio of leaf and maximum 500-grain weight was observed in Kataribhog which was statistically at par with that of Kalijira. Broader leaf was observed in Chinigura, whereas longest panicle and highest grain yield was recorded from Kalijira. Among different treatment combinations the highest grain yield (4.10 t ha-1) was recorded from Kalijira × 90 ppm BAP treatment and the lowest grain yield (3.08 t ha-1) was recorded from Chinigura × control treatment.

scholarly journals Weed-Competitive Ability of Forage Maize Cultivars against Barnyardgrass

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Khawar Jabran
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Forage Maize ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Weed-competitive cultivars are desired in the wake of growing popularity of organic farming, environmental pollution and evolution of herbicide resistance in weeds. This research work evaluated the weed competitive ability of three forage maize cultivars (ADA-523, AGA and SASA-5) against the noxious weed barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.Beauv.). The study was conducted in spring 2018 and repeated in summer 2018. Results of this study showed that maize-barnyardgrass competition significantly decreased the growth of forage maize plants. For instance, barnyardgrass decreased the maize plant height by 11.9-16.9%, leaf length by 13.3-20.2%, leaf width by 20.2-27.4%, and number of leaves by 14.3-25.0%. Fresh and dry weights of maize plants were also significantly decreased as a result of weed-crop competition. Barnyardgrass decreased the shoot fresh weight (30.7-60.6%), shoot dry weight (33.3-52.2%), leaf fresh weight (33.4-56.5%) and leaf dry weight (31.9-50.0%) of the maize plants. An interactive effect of weed × maize cultivars was found non-significant. Forage maize cultivars also varied occasionally for their traits. Nevertheless, ADA-523 had a higher plant height, leaf length, leaf width, leaf fresh weight and leaf dry weight than the cultivars AGA and SASA-5. On the other hand, the cultivar SASA-5 had a higher shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight and root fresh weight than the other cultivars in the study. This research work concluded that the forage maize cultivars in the study did not vary for the weed-competitive ability. Further, barnyardgrass-maize competition could decrease the growth and development of the maize cultivars.

scholarly journals Responses of young cucumber plants to root and shoot temperatures.

1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-61
Author(s):  
A. Kleinendorst ◽  
B.W. Veen
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Relative Effect ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Root Temperature ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Young cucumber plants were grown at all combinations of three shoot and three root temperatures (12, 18 and 24 degrees C). Growth and development of vegetative parts and fruits were studied after a temperature treatment of 14 days or 28 days. Shoot temperature has a positive effect on the rate of leaf development, while the rate of leaf initiation is influenced to a minor degree. There is only a small effect of root temperature on the rate of leaf appearance. The number of fruits is increased with increasing shoot and root temperature, the shoot temperature being more important than the root temperature. The total fruit fresh weight also increases with increasing shoot temperature; at 24 degrees C shoot temperature, the fruit weight shows an optimum at 18 degrees C root temperature. Distribution of dry matter is also dependent on root temperature and to a greater extent on shoot temperature. A shoot temperature of 18 degrees C is optimal for root growth, while 24 degrees C shoot or root temperature is sub-optimal for shoot growth. Increase in shoot temperature has a stronger positive effect on stem growth than on leaf dry weight. The relative effect of root temperature on stem growth equals that on leaf growth. Growth analysis shows that increase in relative growth rate at higher shoot and root temperatures under low light conditions is achieved by increasing the specific leaf area. This adaptation to changes in shoot or root temperature occurs within 14 days. ADDITIONAL ABSTRACT: Cucumber plants (cvs Farbio and Sandra, both F1 hybrids) were grown at 12, 18 and 24 deg C shoot and root temperatures in all combinations. The number of fruits was increased with increasing shoot and root temperature, the shoot temperature being the more important. Total fruit fresh weight also increased with rising shoot temperature. At 24 deg shoot temperature, however, fruit weight was optimum with 18 deg root temperature. Also, at 24 deg shoot temperature, the lower the root temperature the more fruits were present at a given leaf number. A shoot temperature of 18 deg was optimal for root growth but 24 deg shoot or root temperature was still suboptimal for shoot growth. An increase in shoot temperature had a stronger positive effect on stem growth than on leaf dry weight. The relative effect of root temperature on stem growth was equal to that on leaf growth. Growth analysis showed that leaves became thinner at higher temperatures. This adaptation to changes in shoot or root temperature occurred within 14 days. Cvs showing the highest specific leaf area at the desired temperature seem to be the best qualified to give the optimal relative growth rate at the low light intensities prevailing in early spring. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Reduced cellular cross-sectional area in the leaf elongation zone of wheat causes a decrease in dry weight deposition under saline conditions

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuncai Hu ◽  
Urs Schmidhalter
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Elongation Zone ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Leaf Base ◽  
Cross Sectional

Expansion and dry weight (DW) of wheat leaves are spatially distributed along the axis and affected by salinity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of salinity on the spatial distribution of cellular cross-sectional area and DW in the elongating and mature leaf zones of leaf 4 of the main stem of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Lona) during its linear growth phase. Plants were grown in illitic–chloritic silt loam with 0 and 120 mM NaCl in a growth chamber. Cellular cross-sectional area and DW contents of leaves were determined on the 5–20-mm scale along the leaf axis. Spatial distribution of cellular cross-sectional area changed slightly with distance within the elongation zone in both treatments. The cellular cross-sectional area of the leaf at 120 mM NaCl was reduced by 32% at 5 mm, as compared with about 36% averaged from the region between 5 and 30 mm from the leaf base, indicating that the reduction in the cellular cross-sectional area by salinity occurred mainly at the leaf base when the leaf initiates. A slight decrease in the DW per leaf length at a given location in the elongation zone may be due to the strongly decreased cellular cross-sectional area by salinity. This suggests that the limitation of leaf growth by salinity may be due mainly to the effect of salinity on leaf expansion, but not due to the effect on the synthesis of dry matter.

scholarly journals Scaling Relationships between Leaf Shape and Area of 12 Rosaceae Species

Symmetry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojing Yu ◽  
Cang Hui ◽  
Hardev S. Sandhu ◽  
Zhiyi Lin ◽  
Peijian Shi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Scaling Exponent ◽  
Rosaceae Species ◽  
Scaling Relationship ◽  
Leaf Surface Area ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Leaf surface area (A) and leaf shape have been demonstrated to be closely correlated with photosynthetic rates. The scaling relationship between leaf biomass (both dry weight and fresh weight) and A has been widely studied. However, few studies have focused on the scaling relationship between leaf shape and A. Here, using more than 3600 leaves from 12 Rosaceae species, we examined the relationships of the leaf-shape indices including the left to right side leaf surface area ratio (AR), the ratio of leaf perimeter to leaf surface area (RPA), and the ratio of leaf width to length (RWL) versus A. We also tested whether there is a scaling relationship between leaf dry weight and A, and between PRA and A. There was no significant correlation between AR and A for each of the 12 species. Leaf area was also found to be independent of RWL because leaf width remained proportional to leaf length across the 12 species. However, there was a negative correlation between RPA and A. The scaling relationship between RPA and A held for each species, and the estimated scaling exponent of RPA versus A approached −1/2; the scaling relationship between leaf dry weight and A also held for each species, and 11 out of the 12 estimated scaling exponents of leaf dry weight versus A were greater than unity. Our results indicated that leaf surface area has a strong scaling relationship with leaf perimeter and also with leaf dry weight but has no relationship with leaf symmetry or RWL. Additionally, our results showed that leaf dry weight per unit area, which is usually associated with the photosynthetic capacity of plants, increases with an increasing A because the scaling exponent of leaf dry weight versus A is greater than unity. This suggests that a large leaf surface area requires more dry mass input to support the physical structure of the leaf.

Phosphorus restriction: control of transplant growth

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 875-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Liptay ◽  
P. Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Differential Growth ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Complete Nutrient Solution ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Control of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seedling growth and height during production in the greenhouse is critical for efficient subsequent transplanting and acceptable field performance. Height can be reduced by P fertilisation. Eliminating P from nutrient solutions severely restricted growth. When fed a 10 mg P L−1 in the nutrient solution, seedlings were 11 cm tall after 49 d of growth, but only 3 cm tall without P. Intermediate P reduced height within this range. Transplanting was simulated after 49 d of seedling production by transferring the transplants to a temperature-controlled root chamber in larger volume cells plus fertilisation with a complete nutrient solution. Transplant growth with a complete nutrient solution caused differential growth according to the prior P feeding regime. New root growth in the various treatments was dependent on root growth during the transplant stage. However, shoot growth differed greatly among the P levels. Seedlings grown without any P during transplant production grew very slowly with only a 25% increase in leaf growth after 9 d. With the 2 mg L−1 feeding during transplant production of leaf dry weight increased over 200% during the 9-d period. In conclusion, seedling growth restriction can be achieved by P deprivation; the amount of P deprivation, however, affects subsequent seedling growth. Key words: Phosphorus, nutrients, tomato, transplant.

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