Phosphorus restriction: control of transplant growth

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 875-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Liptay ◽  
P. Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Differential Growth ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Complete Nutrient Solution ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Control of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seedling growth and height during production in the greenhouse is critical for efficient subsequent transplanting and acceptable field performance. Height can be reduced by P fertilisation. Eliminating P from nutrient solutions severely restricted growth. When fed a 10 mg P L−1 in the nutrient solution, seedlings were 11 cm tall after 49 d of growth, but only 3 cm tall without P. Intermediate P reduced height within this range. Transplanting was simulated after 49 d of seedling production by transferring the transplants to a temperature-controlled root chamber in larger volume cells plus fertilisation with a complete nutrient solution. Transplant growth with a complete nutrient solution caused differential growth according to the prior P feeding regime. New root growth in the various treatments was dependent on root growth during the transplant stage. However, shoot growth differed greatly among the P levels. Seedlings grown without any P during transplant production grew very slowly with only a 25% increase in leaf growth after 9 d. With the 2 mg L−1 feeding during transplant production of leaf dry weight increased over 200% during the 9-d period. In conclusion, seedling growth restriction can be achieved by P deprivation; the amount of P deprivation, however, affects subsequent seedling growth. Key words: Phosphorus, nutrients, tomato, transplant.

scholarly journals 592 PB 164 POST-TRANSPLANT ROOT GROWTH OF CITRUS PLANTS AS INFLUENCED BY PRODUCTION TIME IN NURSERY CONTAINERS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 516f-516
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Marler
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Root System ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Post Transplant ◽  
Root Regeneration ◽  
Complete Nutrient Solution

An aeroponics system was used to determine root growth of Citrus aurantifolia Swingle following removal from containers. Rooted cuttings were planted in 0.46-liter containers in a 1 sand: 1 perlite medium, and watered daily and fertilized with a complete nutrient solution weekly. The plants were grown in the containers until root growth had filled the container volume. A sample of plants was removed from the bench after 86, 146, or 210 days in container production. Plants were bare-rooted and the existing root system dyed with methylene blue, and placed in the aeroponics system. The plants were maintained in the aeroponics system for 50 days, then were harvested and the roots separated into pre-existing roots and new roots. Two dimensional area and dry weight of roots were measured. Relative new root growth of plants that were maintained 210 days in the containers was less than that of plants that were removed from containers earlier. The data indicate that maintaining plants in containers for extended periods of time may reduce root regeneration following removal from containers.

scholarly journals Azadirachta Indica A. Juss: Wood Ash Affects Seedling Growth of Mung Bean Vigna Radiata L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadaf Arshad ◽  
Muhammad Zafar Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Shafiq ◽  
Mohammad Athar Tariq ◽  
Muhammad Kabir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Wood Ash ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

The burning of the wood ash is causing an environmental pollution related issue. The excess concentration of wood ash in the environment normally influenced on plant growth and development. This paper presents the effects of neem wood ash (Azadirachta inidca A. Juss.) on germination and seedling growth performance of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) crop plants. Overall, the data reveals significant (p<0.05) effects of neem wood ash on the different growth variable of mung bean. The treatment of 4-20% neem wood ash significantly (p<0.05) affected shoot length of mung bean as compared to control. Neem wood ash treatment at all concentration produced fewer toxic effects on root and leaf growth of mung bean. The neem wood ash treatment at 20% also produced significantly (p<0.05) toxic effects on root and leaf dry weight of mung bean. Whereas, neem wood ash treatment at all level did produce any significant effects on shoot dry weight, total plant dry weight and leaf area ratio of mung bean.

Genetic variation for rate of establishment in caucasian clover

1998 ◽  
pp. 213-217
Author(s):  
K.H. Widdup ◽  
T.L. Knight ◽  
C.J. Waters
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Trifolium Ambiguum ◽  
Root Dry Weight

Slow establishment of caucasian clover (Trifolium ambiguum L.) is hindering the use of this legume in pasture mixtures. Improved genetic material is one strategy of correcting the problem. Newly harvested seed of hexaploid caucasian clover germplasm covering a range of origins, together with white and red clover and lucerne, were sown in 1 m rows in a Wakanui soil at Lincoln in November 1995. After 21 days, the caucasian clover material as a group had similar numbers of emerged seedlings as white clover and lucerne, but was inferior to red clover. There was wide variation among caucasian clover lines (48-70% seedling emergence), with the cool-season selection from cv. Monaro ranked the highest. Recurrent selection at low temperatures could be used to select material with improved rates of seedling emergence. Red clover and lucerne seedlings produced significantly greater shoot and root dry weight than caucasian and white clover seedlings. Initially, caucasian clover seedlings partitioned 1:1 shoot to root dry weight compared with 3:1 for white clover. After 2 months, caucasian clover seedlings had similar shoot growth but 3 times the root growth of white clover. Between 2 and 5 months, caucasian clover partitioned more to root and rhizome growth, resulting in a 0.3:1 shoot:root ratio compared with 2:1 for white clover. Both clover species had similar total dry weight after 5 months. Unhindered root/ rhizome devel-opment is very important to hasten the establishment phase of caucasian clover. The caucasian clover lines KZ3 and cool-season, both selections from Monaro, developed seedlings with greater shoot and root growth than cv. Monaro. KZ3 continued to produce greater root growth after 5 months, indicating the genetic potential for improvement in seedling growth rate. Different pasture estab-lishment techniques are proposed that take account of the seedling growth characteristics of caucasian clover. Keywords: establishment, genetic variation, growth, seedling emergence, Trifolium ambiguum

scholarly journals Short-term Recurring Drought Affects Growth and Photosynthetic Capacity of Four Conifer Species

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
Joshua R. Pool ◽  
Jason J. Griffin ◽  
Cheryl R. Boyer ◽  
Stuart L. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Detectable Effect ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Southern Great Plains ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Tree Survival

The Midwest and southern Great Plains are known for historic and severe droughts. More common, however, are short-term recurring drought events that can limit tree survival. The pressure of environmental stress combined with numerous diseases and pests are decimating existing Pinus L. spp. (pine) plantings and driving the effort to identify alternative species. Four species of conifer were subjected to recurring moderate or severe drought to observe the effects on growth and photosynthesis. Species evaluated were: Abies nordmanniana (Nordmann fir), Cupressus arizonica (Arizona cypress), Picea engelmannii (Engelmann spruce), and Thuja × ‘Green Giant’ (‘Green Giant’ arborvitae). Recurring drought reduced height and growth index of T. × ‘Green Giant’. However, photosynthesis and root growth were unaffected by drought treatments. In contrast, reduced Pnet was the only detectable effect of recurring drought in P. engelmannii. Growth of A. nordmanniana was not affected by drought. When subjected to drought, C. arizonica reduced shoot dry weight, while maintaining photosynthesis and root growth. Overall, C. arizonica was able to maintain growth of roots and shoots as well as maintain photosynthesis which may be an advantage in the harsh climate of the Midwest and southern Great Plains.

Yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus) tolerates waterlogging better than narrow-leafed lupin (L. angustifolius) I. Shoot and root growth in a controlled environment

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 701 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Davies ◽  
D. W. Turner ◽  
M. Dracup
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Lupinus Luteus ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Yellow Lupin ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight ◽  
Better Than

We studied the adaptation of narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) and yellow lupin (L. luteus) to waterlogging because yellow lupin may have potential as a new legume crop for coarse-textured, acidic, waterlogging-prone areas in Western Australia. In a controlled environment, plants were waterlogged for 14 days at 28 or 56 days after sowing (DAS). Plants were more sensitive when waterlogged from 56 to 70 DAS than from 28 to 42 DAS, root growth was more sensitive than shoot growth, and leaf expansion was more sensitive than leaf dry weight accumulation. Waterlogging reduced the growth of narrow-leafed lupin (60–81%) more than that of yellow lupin (25–56%) and the response was more pronounced 2 weeks after waterlogging ceased than at the end of waterlogging. Waterlogging arrested net root growth in narrow-leafed lupin but not in yellow lupin, so that after 2 weeks of recovery the root dry weight of yellow lupin was the same as that of the control plants but in narrow-leafed lupin it was 62% less than the corresponding control plants. Both species produced equal amounts of hypocotyl root when waterlogged from 28 to 42 DAS but yellow lupin produced much greater amounts than narrow-leafed lupin when waterlogged from 56 to 70 DAS.

scholarly journals Macronutrient Omission Changes Lippia gracilis Schauer, a Threatened Medicinal Plant, Growth and Volatile Chemical Composition

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 1877-1882
Author(s):  
Brígida Resende Almeida ◽  
Suzan Kelly Vilela Bertolucci ◽  
Alexandre Alves de Carvalho ◽  
Heitor Luiz Heiderich Roza ◽  
Felipe Campos Figueiredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Complete Solution ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Threatened Medicinal Plant ◽  
Element Technique ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

The effect of macronutrient omission on the growth and volatile chemical composition of Lippia gracilis was evaluated. The “minus one element” technique was employed by using a complete (Hoagland and Arnon, 1950) nutrient solution and solutions with macronutrient omission for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S. Macronutrient deficiency significantly influenced L. gracilis growth and volatile chemical composition. Leaf dry weight decreased in order of importance of the macronutrients as follows: Ca = K = N > P > Mg > S. The amount and composition of volatile compounds varied according to macronutrient omission. The major constituents were characterized by p-cymene (ranging from not detected to 43.41%), thymol (3.86% to 7.95%), carvacrol (44.09% to 76.69%), and caryophyllene (0.52% to 6.00%), the contents of which were dependent on the omitted macronutrient. Lack of Ca, Mg, and S increased the contents of cymene and decreased the thymol and carvacrol compared with control. Complete solution and N, P, and K omission retained the same thymol and carvacrol content. In summary, macronutrient availability effectively controlled plant growth and volatile chemical composition of L. gracilis.

Major litterfall manipulation affects seedling growth and nutrient status in one of two species in a lowland forest in Panama

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea G. Vincent ◽  
Edmund V.J. Tanner
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
Foliar Nitrogen ◽  
Litter Addition ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Abstract:Leaf litter is an important source of nutrients to tropical forest trees, but its importance for understorey seedling growth is not well understood. Seedlings of Licania platypus (n = 190) and Coussarea curvigemmia (n = 304) were transplanted into deeply shaded forest plots in Panama having received 2 y of litter addition or removal and 7 y of fertilization with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium combined, and their growth and foliar nutrients measured after 13 and 6 mo respectively. Licania platypus growing in litter addition and removal plots had faster height growth and slower leaf growth respectively than in control plots; C. curvigemmia showed no significant effects apart from lower survival in litter addition plots. These effects may be driven by soil nutrients, as suggested by differences in foliar nitrogen and potassium (but not phosphorus) concentrations, and by a pot experiment in a shadehouse using Ochroma pyramidale seedlings, which showed higher leaf area in soils from litter-addition plots, although seedling dry weight was higher only in fertilized soils. Overall, these results show that for one of two species, understorey seedling growth was increased by 2 y of doubled litterfall, and thus that they were probably nutrient limited even in the relatively fertile soils of this semi-deciduous tropical forest.

scholarly journals Phytotoxic Activity ofOcimum tenuiflorumExtracts on Germination and Seedling Growth of Different Plant Species

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. M. Mominul Islam ◽  
Hisashi Kato-Noguchi
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Barnyard Grass ◽  
Phytotoxic Activity ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Shoot And Root Growth

Phytotoxic activity ofOcimum tenuiflorum(Lamiaceae) plant extracts was investigated against the germination and seedling growth of cress (Lepidium sativum), lettuce (Lactuca sativa), alfalfa (Medicago sativa), Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli), and timothy (Phleum pratense) at four different concentrations. The plant extracts at concentrations greater than 30 mg dry weight equivalent extract mL−1reduced significantly the total germination percent (GP), germination index (GI), germination energy (GE), speed of emergence (SE), seedling vigour index (SVI), and coefficient of the rate of germination (CRG) of all test species except barnyard grass and GP of lettuce. In contrast, time required for 50% germination (T50) and mean germination time (MGT) were increased at the same or higher than this concentration. The increasing trend ofT50and MGT and the decreasing trend of other indices indicated a significant inhibition or delay of germination of the test species byO. tenuiflorumplant extracts and vice versa. In addition, the shoot and root growth of all test species were significantly inhibited by the extracts at concentrations greater than 10 mg dry weight equivalent extract mL−1. TheI50values for shoot and root growth were ranged from 26 to 104 mg dry weight equivalent extract mL−1. Seedling growth was more sensitive to the extracts compared to seed germination. Results of this study suggest thatO. tenuiflorumplant extracts have phytotoxic properties and thus contain phytotoxic substances. Isolation and characterization of those substances from this plant may act as a tool for new natural, biodegradable herbicide development to control weeds.

INTERACTIONS ENTRE LES TEMPERATURES RACINAIRES ET NOCTURNES SUR LE DEVELOPPEMENT FOLIAIRE ET LA CAPACITE PHOTOSYNTHETIQUE DE PLANTS DE TOMATE CV. VENDOR

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDRÉ GOSSELIN ◽  
MARC-J. TRUDEL
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Root Temperature ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Plant Photosynthesis ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight ◽  
Capacité Photosynthétique

Six-week-old tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ’Vendor’) were maintained at five root temperatures (12, 18, 24, 30 or 36 °C) and five night air temperatures (8, 12, 16, 20 or 24 °C) for a period of 4 wk. Increase in root temperature partly offset the negative effects of low night air temperature on leaf dry weight and leaf area. Our results showed that higher root temperatures (30 °C) are required at low night air temperature (8 °C) for optimum plant growth. Lower rates of plant photosynthesis at low root and/or night air temperatures resulted mainly from reduced leaf growth and expansion, but also from a decrease in the photosynthetic capacity of the leaves. Our results suggest combining split-night temperature and soil warming techniques to improve the productivity of tomato plants and to reduce greenhouse heating costs.Key words: Tomato substrate, temperature, photosynthesis, growth

scholarly journals Marigold Varieties Vary in Susceptibility to Iron Toxicity

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 674e-674
Author(s):  
Joseph P. Albano ◽  
William B. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Iron Toxicity ◽  
First Lady ◽  
Orange Leaf ◽  
Fe Toxicity ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight ◽  
Dwarf Type

Our objective was to assess the susceptibility of seven marigold varieties to Fe toxicity. Marigold varieties included were one hedge type, `Orange Jubilee'; five semi-dwarf types, `First Lady', `Gold Lady', `Orange Lady', `Marvel Gold', and `Yellow Galore'; and one dwarf type, `Discovery Orange'. Plants were grown in a greenhouse in a soilless medium and treatments consisted of 0.018 mm (low) and 0.36 mm (high) Fe-DTPA incorporated into a nutrient solution. Plant height was not affected by Fe treatment and ranged from 32 cm in `Orange Jubilee', 13 to 14 cm in the semi-dwarf varieties, and 7.0 cm in `Discovery Orange'. Leaf dry weight per plant was not affected by Fe treatment and ranged from 1.15 g in `Orange Jubilee', 0.68 to 0.95 g in the semi-dwarf varieties, and 0.56 g in `Discovery Orange'. Symptoms of Fe toxicity only developed in the high Fe treatment, and the percent leaf dry weight separated at harvest as symptomatic ranged from 97% in `Orange Jubilee', 55% to 85% in the semidwarf varieties, and 15% in `Discovery Orange'. The Fe concentration in leaves in the high Fe treatment was 5.7-times greater in `Orange Jubilee', 2 to 3-times greater in the semi-dwarf varieties, and 1.6-times greater in `Discovery Orange' than in the low Fe treatment. Based on these findings, `Orange Jubilee' and `Discovery Orange' were the most and least susceptible varieties, respectively, to Fe toxicity of the seven marigold varieties evaluated in this study.

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