GENETICS OF PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGI: VI. HETEROCARYONS INVOLVING GIBBERELLA FUJIKUROI AND FORMAE OF FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 785-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. Dhillon ◽  
E. D. Garber ◽  
Ellen G. Wyttenbach
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Minimal Medium ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Gibberella Fujikuroi ◽  
Nutritional Requirement ◽  
Parasexual Cycle ◽  
Genus Fusarium ◽  
Component Strain ◽  
Mutant Strains

Heterocaryons involving nutritionally deficient mutant strains of Gibberella fujikuroi and mutant strains of this species and of four formae of Fusarium oxysporum were obtained. It was not possible to get heterocaryons of G. fujikuroi and F. oxysporum f. pisi until the latter mutant strain was adapted to grow on minimal medium. Spores from heterocaryons had either the genotype of only one component strain or of either component strain, depending on the heterocaryon. It was possible to alter nuclear ratios by growing certain heterocaryons on minimal medium supplemented with the compound(s) required by one or the other component strain. Sectors from certain heterocaryons grown on potato dextrose agar were homocaryotic for the nutritional requirement(s) of one component strain. Heterocaryosis as a taxonomic tool and the difficulties involved in demonstrating the parasexual cycle in the genus Fusarium are discussed.

scholarly journals Genetic variability and vegetative compatibility in Aspergillus niger isolated from various food substances in Benin City Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 2161-2165
Author(s):  
L. Eboigbe ◽  
M.O. Omoregbe
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Minimal Medium ◽  
Genetic Recombination ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility ◽  
Complementation Test ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility Groups ◽  
Benin City ◽  
Nit Mutants ◽  
Mutant Strains

In this investigation, Aspergillus niger isolated from eight food substances, have been classified based on the absence of heterokaryon formation. The size of their sporangia were differentiated, the wild and mutant strains were subjected to vegetative compatibility tests in order to group them into different vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) which include VCG-1, VCG-2, VCG-3 and VCG-4. The strains were further tested for the possible formation of a stable heterokaryon using nit mutants generated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) containing 2.5% chlorate (KClO3), represented as PDC. Based on the vegetative compatibility groups, nit mutants were paired on a minimal medium (MM) for complementation test. Interestingly, there was compatibility with mycelia showing anastomoses but without the formation of heterokaryon. The vegetative compatibility groups suggested four genotypes and polymorphism in the het loci. A population study for detailed genotyping is suggested in order to unravel the genetic recombination in A. niger.

scholarly journals Vegetative Compatibility Groups of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae from Onion in Colorado

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 606-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Swift ◽  
E. R. Wickliffe ◽  
H. F. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Minimal Medium ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility ◽  
Potassium Chlorate ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility Groups ◽  
Breeding For Resistance ◽  
Nit Mutants ◽  
Northern Regions

Nineteen isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae recovered from diseased onions growing in the western, southern, and northern regions of Colorado were placed into vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) based on pairing of complementary mutants. Pathogenic isolates from these regions were cultured on variations of potassium chlorate (1.5 or 3.0%) mutation media, potato dextrose agar (PDA), and minimal medium (MM) supplemented with L-asparagine and L-threonine. Chlorate PDA and 3% chlorate MM with L-threonine did not generate the nitrate nonutilizing (nit) mutants required, while MM with L-asparagine (1.5 and 3% chlorate) and MM with L-threonine (1.5% chlorate) generated complementary nit mutants required for compatibility pairings. Five VCGs of F. oxysporum cepae were identified. One VCG was present in all three regions of Colorado examined. Four VCGs were restricted to either western or eastern Colorado. Additional sampling and evaluation of a more diverse collection of F. oxysporum cepae isolates from other regions of onion production is needed to determine the diversity of this pathogen. Such information could assist in breeding for resistance to F. oxysporum cepae.

scholarly journals Potential antifungal effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of different sizes against phytopathogenic Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL) strains

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilgin Akpinar ◽  
Muammer Unal ◽  
Taner Sar
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Antifungal Effects ◽  
Critical Problems

AbstractFusarium species are the primary fungal pathogen affecting agricultural foodstuffs both in crop yield and economic loss. Due to these problems, control of phytopathogenic fungi has become one of the critical problems around the World. Nanotechnology is a new technology with potential in many fields, including agriculture. This study focused on determining potential effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with different nanosizes (3, 5, 8 and 10 nm) and at different concentrations (12.5–100 ppm) against phytopathogenic Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL) strains. The maximum antifungal activity was achieved by decreasing nanosize and increasing concentration of AgNPs. Mycelium growth abilities were decreased about 50%, 75% and 90% by AgNPs treatment with 3 nm sizes at 25 ppm, 37.5 ppm and 50 ppm concentrations, respectively. The productivity of fungal biomass in the liquid growth media was found to be too limited at the 25–37.5 ppm of AgNPs concentrations with all sizes. In addition, both septation number and dimensions of micro- and macroconidia were found to be gradually decreased with the application of silver nanoparticles. This work showed that the low concentration of AgNPs could be used as potential antifungal agents and applied for control of phytopathogens.

scholarly journals Keanekaragaman Kapang Patogen dan Non Patogen pada Imago, Kokon, dan Larva Instar Keenam Ulat Sutera Liar Attacus atlas (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Agustin Indrawati ◽  
Damiana Rita Ekastuti ◽  
Erdina Pangestika ◽  
Reinilda Alwina
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Microscopic Observation ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Aspergillus Versicolor ◽  
Wild Silkworm ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogenic

Attacus atlas is one of several mould species in Indonesia known as kupu-kupu gajah. Information about variety of mould is rarely known. The purpose of this research was to obtain data about variety of pathogenic or non pathogenic mould at imago,cocoon, and sixth larvae phase of wild silkworm A. atlas. Mould was isolated from cocoon, integument, alimentary duct and reproduction duct of imago, trachea, midgut and hindgut, also haemolymph of larvae. Isolated mould was cultured on potato dextrose agar. Isolated mould from cocoon and imago was identified by macroscopic and microscopic observation. The results showed that there were two kind of moulds from cocoon which were Fusarium oxysporum  and Aspergillus flavus. There were four kind of moulds from imago A. atlas which were Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus versicolor, Aspergillus fumigatus, Fusarium dimerum, and Aspergillus sp.There were three kind of moulds from sixth larvae which were Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, and Fusarium dimerum. The mould which has opportunistic pathogenic for Attacus atlas were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus  flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus and Fusarium dimerum.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Fusarium species in maize grains for silage

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 1235-1240
Author(s):  
V. Krnjaja ◽  
J. Levic ◽  
S. Stankovic ◽  
Z. Bijelic ◽  
V. Mandic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Nutrient Agar ◽  
Maize Hybrid ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Genus Fusarium ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Late Maturity

Grain samples of two maize hybrids, medium early (ZP434) and late maturity (ZP704), collected during harvest in 2008 were investigated for contamination by fungi. Grains were plated on agar media and grown fungi were identified by morphological macroscopic and microscopic characteristics on potato-dextrose agar (PDA) and synthetic nutrient agar (SNA). Species of the genus Fusarium were the most common in both hybrids, and their presence amounted to 33.89% (ZP434) and 42% (ZP704). Other fungi of genera, Acremonium, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Chaetomium, Cladosporium, Nigrospora, Penicillium, Rhizopus and Trichotecium, were isolated from 0 to 41%. Four species belonging to the genus Fusarium were identified, of which the species F. verticillioides was the most common with 28.63% in ZP434 and 30.5% in ZP704 hybrids. The presence of F. graminearum, F. proliferatum and F. subglutinans ranged from 3% (ZP704) to 5% (ZP434), 0.13% (ZP434) to 7% (ZP704) and 0.13% (ZP434) to 7% (ZP704), respectively. Generally, the incidence of every particular fungus was higher in the late maize hybrid with a higher moisture content than in the medium-early hybrid with a lower moisture content.

Antifungal Activities of Some Indole Derivatives

2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 437-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Xu ◽  
Qin Wang ◽  
Wen-Bin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Indole Derivatives ◽  
Alternaria Brassicae ◽  
Antifungal Activities

Nine indole derivatives were evaluated in vitro against Fusarium graminearum, Alternaria alternata, Helminthosporium sorokinianum, Pyricularia oryzae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumarinum, and Alternaria brassicae. Most of the compounds were found to possess antifungal activities. Especially compounds 2, 5, 8, and 9 exhibited broad-spectrum antifungal activities against the above-mentioned seven phytopathogenic fungi, and showed more potent activities than hymexazole, a commercial agricultural fungicide.

Citrus Residues Isolates Improve Astaxanthin Production by Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous

2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 594-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wu ◽  
Mingbo Lu ◽  
Longjiang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Minimal Medium ◽  
Wild Strain ◽  
Xanthophyllomyces Dendrorhous ◽  
Citrus Juice ◽  
Astaxanthin Production ◽  
Mutant Strains

The wild strain and two astaxanthin-overproducing mutant strains, W618 and GNG274, of Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous were analyzed in order to assess their ability to grow and synthesize astaxanthin in a minimal medium containing (per liter): 2 g KH2PO4, 0.5 g MgSO4, 2 g KNO3, and 1 g yeast extract, and supplemented with citrus residues isolates as a carbon source (citrus medium). The selected strain W618 was evaluated under various contents of citrus juice. At the content of 20% (v/v), the highest astaxanthin production reached 22.63 mg L-1, which was two-fold more than that observed in yeast malt medium. Addition of 8% (v/v) n-hexadecane to the citrus medium was found to be optimal, increasing the astaxanthin yield by 21.7%.

Synthesis and Antifungal Activities of Some 2,6-Bis-(Un)Substituted Phenoxymethylpyridines

2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 433-436
Author(s):  
Hui Xu ◽  
Huan Qu
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Alternaria Brassicae ◽  
Antifungal Activities

Several 2,6-bis-(un)substituted phenoxymethylpyridines were synthesized and evaluated in vitro against Fusarium graminearum, Helminthosporium sorokinianum, Alternaria brassicae, Alternaria alternata, and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum. Among all derivatives, compound 3 a exhibited a broad-spectrum antifungal activity against the five phytopathogenic fungi.

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