CONTROL OF CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT BY DAYLENGTH IN LEAVES OF MARQUIS WHEAT

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. C. Friend
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Leaf Thickness ◽  
Floral Initiation ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight Basis ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Unit Leaf ◽  
Stage Of Development

The maximal chlorophyll contents reached during the growth of each of the first three leaves of Marquis wheat increased linearly with daylength, when the plants were grown from germination under illumination of 1750 ft-c intensity for daily periods of 8, 16, or 24 hours. This effect of daylength was also seen when chlorophyll concentration was expressed on a unit leaf area or fresh weight basis, and was related to increased leaf thickness at the longer daylengths. The increased chlorophyll content and concentration under long daylengths could not be duplicated by extending short daylengths with low-intensity supplementary light. Previous experiments suggest that the control of chlorophyll content by daylength is through the control of leaf thickness by the total amount of daily energy.The ratio of chlorophyll a to b in mature leaves did not vary with daylength. There was also no change in the maximal chlorophyll concentration of leaves mature at the time of floral initiation compared with those mature in the vegetative stage of development.

scholarly journals THE POTENTIAL OF MATURE PANDAN LEAVES AS A SOURCE OF CHLOROPHYLL FOR NATURAL FOOD COLORANTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-137
Author(s):  
Chatarina Lilis Suryani ◽  
◽  
Tutik Dwi Wahyuningsih ◽  
Supriyadi Supriyadi ◽  
Umar Santoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Food Colorants ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Leaf Maturity ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Natural Colorants ◽  
Four Levels

Plant leaves are the primary source of natural colorants for food, mainly due to their chlorophyll content. However, the plant types and the degree of leaf maturity determine the quality and quantity of the chlorophyll. This study aimed to determine the best maturity level of pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) leaves that serves as potential source of chlorophyll for natural food colorants. Eighty three pandan plants obtained from six different farming locations in Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia were used as samples. The leaves were grouped into four levels of maturity using descriptive statistics based on their morphology, anatomy, color, and chlorophyll contents. The results showed that the average number of leaves ranged from 20-24 leaves per plant (at 95% confidence interval), and 96.4% of the plant had a maximum of 24 leaves. The leaf maturity was grouped into (1) young, (2) medium, (3) mature, and (4) over mature, corresponding to leaf number 1-6, 7-12, 13-18, and 19-24, respectively. The higher the leaf maturity, the higher the chlorophyll content. However, the over mature leaves were only slightly different from the mature ones. In addition, pandan leaves have specific flavor and contain carotenoid, phenolic, and flavonoid substances. Anatomically, the mesophyll’s size was greatest in the mature leaves, while the size of chloroplast was not significantly different from medium to over mature leaves. Based on the chlorophyll content and mesophyll size, it was concluded that mature pandan leaves were the best source of chlorophyll, containing chlorophyll of 623.08 mg/100 g dry weight (DW).

scholarly journals Nutrients Assimilation and Chlorophyll Contents for Different Grapevine Varieties in Calcareous Soils in the Somontano DO (Spain)

Beverages ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 90 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Casanova-Gascón ◽  
Pablo Martín-Ramos ◽  
Clara Martí-Dalmau ◽  
David Badía-Villas
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Pinot Noir ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
The Impact

Lime-induced chlorosis (LIC) is an important abiotic constraint affecting the growth and yield of grapevines growing in calcareous soils in the Mediterranean region, and the sensory properties of the produced wine. In the work presented herein, the impact of LIC on the nutritional status and chlorophyll content was assessed for eleven varieties and a clone (Merlot, Pinot Noir, Cabernet Sauvignon, Tempranillo, Parraleta, Moristel, Aglianico, Macabeo, Sauvignon, Chardonnay, and Riesling), grafted to the same rootstock (1103 Paulsen). Macro- and micronutrient contents were determined in the fruit set and veraison stages by petiole analyses, while chlorophyll content in young leaves was monitored by SPAD. Significant differences were detected amongst varieties for all nutrients (including Fe), and inverse relationships between Fe and P contents in the petiole and chlorophyll concentration in the young leaves were found. Regarding LIC resistance, the Fe and chlorophyll contents suggest that Cabernet Sauvignon, Tempranillo and Aglianico varieties would show the best performance, while Sauvignon would be the least tolerant.

Using PROSEPCT and SVM for the Estimation of Chlorophyll Concentration

2014 ◽  
Vol 989-994 ◽  
pp. 2184-2187
Author(s):  
Jie Lv ◽  
Feng Li Deng ◽  
Zhen Guo Yan
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Maximum Correlation ◽  
Dynamic Prediction ◽  
West Lake ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Irrigated Area ◽  
Vector Machines

This study focused on estimating chlorophyll concentration of rice using PROSPECT and support vector machine. The study site is located in West Lake sewage irrigation area of Changchun, Jiliin Province. Reflectance spectrual of rice were measured by ASD3 spectrometer, chlorophyll contents of rice were recorded with a portable chlorophyll meter SPAD-502. Support vector machines and PROSPECT model were adopted to construct hyperspectral models for predicting chlorophyll content. The results indicate that: the hyperspectral prediction model of rice chlorophyll content yields a maximum correlation coefficient of 0.8563, and achieves a smallest RMSE of 9.5106; and the prediction accuracy based on the first derivative spectrum is higher than on the original spectrum. Research of this paper provides a theoretical basis for large scale dynamic prediction of rice chlorophyll content in sewage irrigated area.

VARIATIONS IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS, CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT, AND RIBULOSE-l,5-DIPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE ACTIVITY WITHIN TOBACCO LEAVES

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. N. ASHWORTH ◽  
L. V. SVEC
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Single Plant ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Leaf Base ◽  
Carboxylase Activity ◽  
Single Leaf ◽  
Area Basis ◽  
White Burley

Photosynthetic rate on an area basis did not differ when tobacco (Nicotinana tabacum L., ’White Burley’) leaf discs were sampled from margin and base tissue but was greater at the leaf base when expressed per unit chlorophyll or fresh weight. Chlorophyll concentration, ribulose-1,5-diphosphate carboxylase activity, and fresh and dry weights were significantly higher in discs from the margin. If location on the leaf and method of expressing data are not standardized when making comparisons of photosynthesis on a microbasis either within a single leaf, a single plant or among plants, invalid comparisons and conclusions could result.

scholarly journals Chlorophyll as an indicator of green tea quality

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (10) ◽  
pp. S103-S109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Ošťádalová ◽  
Bohuslava Tremlová ◽  
Jana Pokorná ◽  
Martin Král
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Qualitative Variable ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Tea Quality ◽  
The Relationship

The objective of this work was to study the changes in chlorophyll contents in green teas stored under different conditions and to suggest the most suitable way and length of green tea storage. A secondary aim was to evaluate the possibility of using the chlorophyll content as an indicator of tea freshness. Samples for analysis were obtained from a range of tea-growing regions. Chlorophyll contents were measured using UV-vis spectrophotometry. Chlorophyll absorbance was measured at 642.5 and 660 nm. Prior to storage, chlorophyll concentration in teas ranged from 1.12 to 1.89 mg per 1 g of tea, which corresponded to data given by other authors. Storage was found to lead to a decline in chlorophyll concentration. From the 6th month of storage onwards, a significant decrease (P < 0.05) was observed in all samples, irrespective of storage conditions. Based on the findings of this study, original and metal packaging can be considered the most chlorophyll-friendly. On the other hand, glass and paper packaging stored in direct daylight were found to have the strongest impact on chlorophyll concentration. Overall, it can be concluded that the storage time can have a strong influence on oolong green tea colour as an important qualitative variable. Thus, the shelf-life of tea should be shorter than the 12 months claimed by most manufacturers. Once the relationship between changes in chlorophyll concentration and length of the storage period had been established, the chlorophyll content was suggested as an indicator of the storage time (freshness) of a tea substance.

scholarly journals Estimation of chlorophyll concentration in maize using spectral reflectance

2015 ◽  
Vol XL-7/W3 ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Martinez ◽  
A. Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Spectral Indices ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Spectral Measurements ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Reflectance Indices ◽  
The Relationship

The objective of this research was to identify the relationship between chlorophyll contents and spectral measurements in a maize crop. Spectral measurements were taken and the chlorophyll content was determined in leaf samples in a field experiment with different N rates. Analysis of variance showed differences in the chlorophyll content and spectral indices for the treatments and strong correlations between some reflectance indices and chlorophyll content. Due to a relationship between the N and chlorophyll contents, the results proved to be important for making decisions related to the nitrogen supply for crops, which is crucial in agriculture.

Relationship between visual colour rating and chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, and some growth characteristics in couchgrass (Cynodonspp. L.)

1983 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Unit Leaf ◽  
Visual Colour

SUMMARYChlorophyll contents per unit leaf area and unit dry weight, chlorophylla:bratio, visual colour rating, specific leaf area, and leaf fresh weight: dry weight ratios were estimated for 12 couch (bermudagrass) varieties (Cynodonspp. L.) in winter (July) and spring (October). Net photosynthetic and dark respiration rates were estimated in winter only.The chlorophyll contents per unit leaf area were higher in all varieties in spring than in winter, but per unit weight were more variable. The varieties differed substantially in the net photosynthetic and dark respiration rates. The specific leaf areas were greater in winter than in spring in five varieties: in others it changed little. The fresh: dry weight ratios of the leaves were almost constant between varieties in the spring but varied greatly during the winter. Visual colour ratings were well correlated with chlorophyll contents per unit area but not with weight. The net photosynthetic rate was closely correlated with chlorophyll content (per unit area) but not so closely with colour rating.

scholarly journals Foliar SPAD-502 Meter Values, Nitrogen Levels, and Extractable Chlorophyll for Red Maple Selections

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 468-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff L. Sibley ◽  
D. Joseph Eakes ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam ◽  
Gary J. Keever ◽  
William A. Dozier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight Basis ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Foliar N ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Foliar N Concentration

Twelve red maple selections in an existing field trial were evaluated for leaf chlorophyll content with a SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter, total foliar N concentration with a LECO CHN analyzer, and total foliar chlorophyll content (CHL) by N,N-dimethylformamide extraction. Selections included Acer rubrum L. `Autumn Flame', `Fairview Flame', `Franksred' (Red Sunset™), `Karpick', `Northwood', `October Glory', `Redskin', `Schlesingeri', and `Tilford', and A. ×freemanii E. Murray `AutumnBlaze' (`Jeffersred'), `Morgan' (`Indian Summer'), and `Scarsen' (Scarlet Sentinel™). `Franksred' and `Northwood' had the highest monthly SPAD-502 values in 1993 and 1994. Lowest SPAD-502 values were on `Redskin' and `Autumn Blaze' each year. Foliar N concentration ranged from 2.62% for `Autumn Flame' to 2.01% for Redskin. CHL levels on a fresh-weight basis ranged from 5.38 mg·g–1 for `Fairview Flame' to 3.94 mg·g–1 for `October Glory'. SPAD-502 and extractable CHL values were correlated (r = 0.45; P ≤ 0.001); however, the correlation (r = 0.15; P ≤ 0.38) between SPAD-502 values and total foliar N concentration was nonsignificant.

scholarly journals Leaf growth in early development is key to biomass heterosis in Arabidopsis

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 2439-2450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Chuan Liu ◽  
W James Peacock ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Robert Furbank ◽  
Anthony Larkum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Fresh Weight Basis ◽  
Unit Leaf Area ◽  
Unit Leaf ◽  
Stage Of Development

Abstract Arabidopsis thaliana hybrids have similar properties to hybrid crops, with greater biomass relative to the parents. We asked whether the greater biomass was due to increased photosynthetic efficiency per unit leaf area or to overall increased leaf area and increased total photosynthate per plant. We found that photosynthetic parameters (electron transport rate, CO2 assimilation rate, chlorophyll content, and chloroplast number) were unchanged on a leaf unit area and unit fresh weight basis between parents and hybrids, indicating that heterosis is not a result of increased photosynthetic efficiency. To investigate the possibility of increased leaf area producing more photosynthate per plant, we studied C24×Landsberg erecta (Ler) hybrids in detail. These hybrids have earlier germination and leaf growth than the parents, leading to a larger leaf area at any point in development of the plant. The developing leaves of the hybrids are significantly larger than those of the parents, with consequent greater production of photosynthate and an increased contribution to heterosis. The set of leaves contributing to heterosis changes as the plant develops; the four most recently emerged leaves make the greatest contribution. As a leaf matures, its contribution to heterosis attenuates. While photosynthesis per unit leaf area is unchanged at any stage of development in the hybrid, leaf area is greater and the amount of photosynthate per plant is increased.

PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVITY OF SOYBEAN PODS AT DIFFERENT GROWTH STAGES COMPARED TO LEAVES

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 501-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. ANDREWS ◽  
L. V. SVEC
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight Basis ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Soybean (Glycine max (L). Merr. cv. Wye) pods at different growth stages (from 25 to 50 mm long) showed gas exchange in both light and dark. Oxygen (O2) production in the light did not exceed O2 consumption in the dark, indicating photosynthetic activity in the pod to be limited. On a fresh weight basis, leaves photosynthesized 6.3–7.4 times more actively than pods. However, on a chlorophyll basis, the pods had 1.5–1.8 times greater photosynthetic activity than the leaves. Leaves had 9.2–12.4 times greater chlorophyll concentration than pods. Scanning electron micrographs of pods indicated that stomates were present at early stages of growth, were open, and were probably functional in the intact tissue.

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