THE TAXONOMY AND HABITATS OF FUSARIUM SPECIES FROM TROPICAL AND TEMPERATE REGIONS

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Wood Pulp ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Taxonomic Study ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
The Past

The present taxonomic study involved approximately 1200 isolates of Fusarium which were received by the writer from time to time each year during the past 25 years from tropical and temperate regions. The various isolates originated in 59 geographic areas. Approximately 90% of the isolates were obtained from a total of 160 species of host plants which included cultivated and non-cultivated plants. The cultivated plants included the chief agricultural crops grown in tropical and temperate regions, respectively. About 10% of the isolates were obtained from miscellaneous habitats, e.g. soil, water, insects, wood pulp, fowl, dairy products, and human tissue.A total of 26 species, 4 varieties, and 17 formae of Fusarium, classified in 12 sections of the genus, were identified among the isolates. These species, varieties, and formae are: F. aquaeductuum (Radlk. & Rabh. pr.p) Lagh., F. dimerum Penz., F. merismoides Cda. (section Eupionnotes); F. decemcellulare Brick (section Spicarioides); F. nivale (Fr.) Ces. (section Arachnites); F. chlamydosporum Wr. & Rg., F. poae (Cda.) Sacc., F. sporotrichioides Sherb. (section Sporotrichiella); F. arthrosporioides Sherb., F. avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc. (section Roseum); F. semitectum Berk. & Rav. (section Arthrosporiella); F. acuminatum (Ell. & Everh.) Wr., F. compactum (Wr.) Gordon, F. equiseti (Cda.) Sacc, F. longipes Wr. (section Gibbosum); F. culmorum (W. G. Sm.) Sacc, F. graminearum Schwabe, F. heterosporum Nees emend. Raillo; F. sambucinum Fuckel, F. s. var. coeruleum Wr., F. s. forma 6 Wr., F. tumidum Sherb. (section Discolor); F. lateritium Nees, F. l. forma cajani (Padw.) Gordon, F. l. forma crotalariae (Padw.) Gordon, F. stilboides Wr. (section Lateritium); F. moniliforme Sheld., F. m. var. anthophilum (A. Br.) Wr., F. m. var. subglutinans Wr. & Rg. (section Liseola); F. oxysporum Schl. emend. Snyder & Hansen, F. oxysporum var. redolens (Wr.) Gordon; F. oxysporum forma callistephi (Beach) S. & H.; forma cepae (Hanz.) S. & H., forma dianthi (Prill. & Del.) S. & H., forma gladioli (Massey) S. & H., forma lini (Bolley) S. & H., forma lycopersici (Sacc.) S. & H., forma nicotianae (Johns.) S. & H., forma niveum (E. F. S.) S. & H., forma passiflorae Purss, forma pini (Hartig) S. & H., forma pisi (Lindf.) S. & H., forma tuberosi S. & H., forma vasinfectum (Atk.) S. & H. (section Elegans); F. coeruleum (Lib.) Sacc, F. solani (Mart.) App. & Wr. emend. S. & H. (section Martiella).As indicated by the number of geographic areas and habitats from which they were obtained, the six species most widely distributed were F. solani, F. oxysporum, F. equiseti, F. moniliforme, F. avenaceum, and F. semitectum. Five species, namely F. aquaeductuum, F. chlamydosporum, F. arthrosporioides, F. longipes, and F. tumidum, were encountered rarely, each being represented by a single isolate.

THE OCCURRENCE OF FUSARIUM SPECIES IN CANADA: III. TAXONOMY OF FUSARIUM SPECIES IN THE SEED OF VEGETABLE, FORAGE, AND MISCELLANEOUS CROPS

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 576-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Taxonomic Study ◽  
Microbiological Examination ◽  
Botanical Varieties

A taxonomic study was made of isolates of Fusarium obtained from a microbiological examination of seed from a total of 44 species and botanical varieties of cultivated plants. These plants may be classed as vegetable, forage, and miscellaneous crops. Most of the seed samples originated from stocks produced in Canada, but some were seed from other countries. A total of 16 species, varieties, and forms of Fusarium, classified in eight sections of the genus, were encountered among the isolates that were obtained from seed; they are F. poae (Pk.) Wr., F. sporotrichioides Sherb., F. arthrosporioides Sherb., F. avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc, F. semitectum Berk. & Rav., F. acuminatum Ell. & Ev., F. compactum (Wr.) Gordon, F. equiseti (Cda.) Sacc, F. culmorum (W. G. Sm.) Sacc, F. graminearum Schwabe, F. sambucinum Fuckel, F. sambucinum var. coeruleum Wr., F. moniliforme Sheld. em. S. & H., F. oxysporum Schlecht. em. S. & H., F. oxysporum f. lini (Bolley) S. & H., F. solani (Mart.) App. & Wr. em. S. & H. From the seed of a total of 44 species and botanical varieties of host plants, F. equiseti was identified among isolates from 34; F. poae and F. oxysporum each from 18; F. acuminatum from 17; F. avenaceum from 16; F. culmorum, from 10; F. sambucinum and F. moniliforme each from five; F. graminearum and F. sambucinum var. coeruleum each from four; F. solani from three; F. sporotrichioides from two; F. arthrosporioides, F. semitectum, F. compactum, and F. oxysporum f. lini each from one. The origin of the seed samples of each host is given.

SPECIES, HOST RANGE, AND IDENTIFICATION KEY OF WHITEFLIES OF BOGOR AND SURROUNDING AREA

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Purnama Hidayat ◽  
Denny Bintoro ◽  
Lia Nurulalia ◽  
Muhammad Basri
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Aleurodicus Dispersus ◽  
Agricultural Plants ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Forest Plants

Species identification, host range, and identification key of whiteflies of Bogor and surrounding area. Whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a group of insects that are small, white, soft-bodied, and easily found on various agricultural crops. Whitefly is a phytophagous insect; some species are important pests in agricultural crops that can cause direct damage and can become vectors of viral diseases. The last few years the damage caused by whitefly in Indonesia has increased. Unfortunately, information about their species and host plants in Indonesia, including in Bogor, is still limited. Kalshoven, in his book entitled Pest of Crops in Indonesia, published in the 1980s reported that there were 9 species of whitefly in Indonesia. The information on the book should be reconfirmed. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine whitefly species and its host plants in Bogor and its surroundings. Whiteflies is identified based on the ‘puparia’ (the last instar of the nymph) collected from various agricultural plants, ornamental plants, weeds, and forest plants. A total of 35 species of whiteflies were collected from 74 species and 29 families of plants. The collwcted whiteflies consist of four species belong to Subfamily Aleurodicinae and 31 species of Subfamily Aleyrodinae. The most often found whitefly species were Aleurodicus dispersus, A. dugesii, and Bemisia tabaci. A dichotomous identification key of whiteflies was completed based on morphological character of 35 collected species. The number of whitefly species in Bogor and surrounding areas were far exceeded the number of species reported previously by Kalshoven from all regions in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Bioactive Secondary Metabolites of the Genus Diaporthe and Anamorph Phomopsis from Terrestrial and Marine Habitats and Endophytes: 2010–2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Tang-Chang Xu ◽  
Yi-Han Lu ◽  
Jun-Fei Wang ◽  
Zhi-Qiang Song ◽  
Ya-Ge Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
The Past ◽  
Marine Habitats ◽  
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Unidentified Species

The genus Diaporthe and its anamorph Phomopsis are distributed worldwide in many ecosystems. They are regarded as potential sources for producing diverse bioactive metabolites. Most species are attributed to plant pathogens, non-pathogenic endophytes, or saprobes in terrestrial host plants. They colonize in the early parasitic tissue of plants, provide a variety of nutrients in the cycle of parasitism and saprophytism, and participate in the basic metabolic process of plants. In the past ten years, many studies have been focused on the discovery of new species and biological secondary metabolites from this genus. In this review, we summarize a total of 335 bioactive secondary metabolites isolated from 26 known species and various unidentified species of Diaporthe and Phomopsis during 2010–2019. Overall, there are 106 bioactive compounds derived from Diaporthe and 246 from Phomopsis, while 17 compounds are found in both of them. They are classified into polyketides, terpenoids, steroids, macrolides, ten-membered lactones, alkaloids, flavonoids, and fatty acids. Polyketides constitute the main chemical population, accounting for 64%. Meanwhile, their bioactivities mainly involve cytotoxic, antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-algae, phytotoxic, and enzyme inhibitory activities. Diaporthe and Phomopsis exhibit their potent talents in the discovery of small molecules for drug candidates.

THE HORMONAL COMPOSITION OF MILK IN PRODUCTIVE ANIMALS AND ITS SAFETY FOR HUMANS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-321
Author(s):  
P.A. Popov ◽  
◽  
V.S. Babunova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Important Food ◽  
The Past ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
And Control

Hormones are an integral part of milk and throughout lactation, the content of certain hormones is unstable. Hormones regulate the process of starting lactation of animals, the lactation process itself, and also the other functions of the body. Milk is of great importance for the growth of young animals and the formation of immunity. Milk is a special product in the diet and is an important food and raw material for the production of dairy products for people. It contains a large amount of protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins and trace elements in biologically available form. But at the same time, over the past few years, more and more evidence has emerged that hormones in dairy products can impact on human health. Thus, some estrogens and insulin-like growth factor IGF-1 are involved in the initiation and provocation of breast, prostate and endometrial tumors. That’s why, it is necessary to normalize and control the content of certain hormones in milk with highly sensitive methods.

scholarly journals Cytospora (Diaporthales) in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.L. Fan ◽  
J.D.P. Bezerra ◽  
C.M. Tian ◽  
P.W. Crous
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Large Collection ◽  
Dna Phylogeny ◽  
The Past ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Woody Host

Members of the genus Cytospora are often reported as endophytes, saprobes or phytopathogens, primarily causing canker diseases of woody host plants. They occur on a wide range of hosts and have a worldwide distribution. Although several species have in the past been reported from China, the vast majority are not known from culture or DNA phylogeny. The primary aim of the present study was thus to clarify the taxonomy and phylogeny of a large collection of Cytospora species associated with diverse hosts in China. Cytospora spp. were collected in northeast, northwest, north and southwest China, indicating that the cold and dry environments favour these fungi. In this paper, we provide an assessment of 52 Cytospora spp. in China, focussing on 40 species represented by 88 isolates from 28 host genera. Based on a combination of morphology and a six-locus phylogeny (ITS, LSU, act1, rpb2, tef1-α and tub2), 13 new species and one new combination are introduced. The majority of the species investigated here appear to be host-specific, although further collections and pathogenicity studies will be required to confirm this conclusion.

scholarly journals Environmentally Friendly Soil Water Conservation Techniques

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5513-5520
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Cultivated Plants

The conservation of water resources through their optimal use is a compulsory for countries with water shortages in the arid and semi-arid regions, and it should be in an environmentally friendly manner to avoid the serious consequences of the use of environmentally harmful substances, the implications of which are currently evident from climate change, pollution of water bodies, soils, etc. Since Egypt is one of those countries suffering from water scarcity and uses about 82.5 percent of its water consumption in agriculture, according to data of the Ministry of Irrigation in 2010, so this research is focusing on the use of new methods to increase the efficiency of irrigation water, to achieve high productivity of agricultural crops with less water use that will certainly help to alleviate or solve the water scarcity issue. The study used a physical based model, to simulate the methods used to increase sand soil properties to ensure larger water retention index. Within this work, soil have been sampled from different areas, to simulate the behavior of arid lands, under different water retention techniques. Soil was exposed to different techniques, as it was mixed with soil additives in different quantities and different types. Physical barriers of cohesive soil and polyethylene sheets were used in addition to studying the effect of mulch on water storage capacity in noncohesive soil. Water retention have been measured using the direct method of determination soil water content by oven drying and the volumetric water content (𝞱v ) with time graphs have been plotted in groups, as well as the cultivated plants have been monitored as to measure the influence on plants growing and irrigation efficiency. And the experiment showed that the use of rice straw (RS) and wheat straw (WS) in the powder condition have a significant effect in increasing in the soil water content and even to the plant growth, the WS obtained 𝞱v values approaching the loam soil at times and slightly less in the case of RS, when the percentage of RC and WS was 30% to the sandy soil volume/volume (v/v). Also the use of mulch of RS showed a noticeable increase in 𝞱v and significant improvement of plant growth to that without mulch. These proven technologies can be used in sandy land targeted for reclamation to reduce water use in agriculture.

scholarly journals Human fascioliasis infection sources, their diversity, incidence factors, analytical methods and prevention measures

Parasitology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 145 (13) ◽  
pp. 1665-1699 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mas-Coma ◽  
M. D. Bargues ◽  
M. A. Valero
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
The Past ◽  
Urban Markets ◽  
Human Fascioliasis ◽  
Questionnaire Surveys ◽  
First Time

AbstractHuman fascioliasis infection sources are analysed for the first time in front of the new worldwide scenario of this disease. These infection sources include foods, water and combinations of both. Ingestion of freshwater wild plants is the main source, with watercress and secondarily other vegetables involved. The problem of vegetables sold in uncontrolled urban markets is discussed. Distinction between infection sources by freshwater cultivated plants, terrestrial wild plants, and terrestrial cultivated plants is made. The risks by traditional local dishes made from sylvatic plants and raw liver ingestion are considered. Drinking of contaminated water, beverages and juices, ingestion of dishes and soups and washing of vegetables, fruits, tubercles and kitchen utensils with contaminated water are increasingly involved. Three methods to assess infection sources are noted: detection of metacercariae attached to plants or floating in freshwater, anamnesis in individual patients, and questionnaire surveys in endemic areas. The infectivity of metacercariae is reviewed both under field conditions and experimentally under the effects of physicochemical agents. Individual and general preventive measures appear to be more complicated than those considered in the past. The high diversity of infection sources and their heterogeneity in different countries underlie the large epidemiological heterogeneity of human fascioliasis throughout.

Bibliography of Fusarium (Fungi: Hyphomycetes) in South Africa, 1945-1985

Bothalia ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. O. Marasas ◽  
Sandra C. Lamprecht ◽  
P. S. Van Wyk ◽  
R. Y Anelich
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Taxonomic Study ◽  
Genus Fusarium ◽  
Alphabetical List

A taxonomic study of the genus Fusarium in South Africa was published by Doidge in 1938. A record of all the fungi, including  Fusarium, known to occur in South Africa, and of the literature concerning them until the end of 1945, was compiled by Doidge in 1950. The present bibliography attempts to provide an index to all the literature on Fusarium in South Africa published after 1945 until the end of 1985. An alphabetical list of Fusarium species is provided and the hosts and/or substrates from which each species has been recorded are listed alphabetically together with references to the literature cited. A separate alphabetical list of hosts and substrates together with the Fusarium species recorded on each is also included.

Research and Development of Chemical Distribution Equipment for Agricultural Aircraft in California

1963 ◽  
Vol 67 (636) ◽  
pp. 760-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman B. Akesson ◽  
Wesley E. Yates
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chemical Distribution ◽  
Second World

Following the Second World War, agricultural aircraft use increased rapidly in the United States, but appears to have levelled off in the past five years. California is one of the largest users of agricultural aircraft of any State, with an estimated 8 million acres treated per year. This figure includes all applications of insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides, plus seeding, fertilising, and defoliation of agricultural crops, grasslands and forest areas. Also, this figure represents acres covered and includes duplicated applications. Certain crops, such as cotton, may have as many as four or five separate treatments during the season.

The biology of Canadian weeds. 126. Amaranthus albus L., A. blitoides S. Watson and A. blitum L.

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 1039-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Costea and F. J. Tardif
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Weed Biology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

A review of biological information is provided for three species of the genus Amaranthus: A. albus L., A. blitoides S. Watson and A. blitum L. The last species has been revised taxonomically and a new subspecies for Canada is presented-A. blitum subsp. emarginatus (Moq. ex Uline & Bray) Carretero, Munoz Garmendia & Pedrol. Amaranthus albus and A. blitoides are native to the U.S.A. and introduced to Canada. Both species are annual ruderal and agrestal weeds. During the past 100 yr the two species have spread across most provinces of Canada, but the greatest frequency and abundance have been recorded in Saskatchewan. Originating from Europe, Asia and North Africa, A. blitum was initially considered a non-persistent species. The present study shows that A. blitum especially, subsp. emarginatus, has continued to spread in Québec. The three species are alternate hosts to many insects, nematodes, viruses, bacteria and fungi that affect cultivated plants. In other areas (U.S.A., Europe and Asia), the three species have developed multiple resistance to triazine and acetolactate-synthase-inhibiting herbicides. Key words: Amaranthus albus, Amaranthus blitoides, Amaranthus blitum, weed biology, ecology, taxonomy, herbicide resistance

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