scholarly journals Bioactive Secondary Metabolites of the Genus Diaporthe and Anamorph Phomopsis from Terrestrial and Marine Habitats and Endophytes: 2010–2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Tang-Chang Xu ◽  
Yi-Han Lu ◽  
Jun-Fei Wang ◽  
Zhi-Qiang Song ◽  
Ya-Ge Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
The Past ◽  
Marine Habitats ◽  
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Unidentified Species

The genus Diaporthe and its anamorph Phomopsis are distributed worldwide in many ecosystems. They are regarded as potential sources for producing diverse bioactive metabolites. Most species are attributed to plant pathogens, non-pathogenic endophytes, or saprobes in terrestrial host plants. They colonize in the early parasitic tissue of plants, provide a variety of nutrients in the cycle of parasitism and saprophytism, and participate in the basic metabolic process of plants. In the past ten years, many studies have been focused on the discovery of new species and biological secondary metabolites from this genus. In this review, we summarize a total of 335 bioactive secondary metabolites isolated from 26 known species and various unidentified species of Diaporthe and Phomopsis during 2010–2019. Overall, there are 106 bioactive compounds derived from Diaporthe and 246 from Phomopsis, while 17 compounds are found in both of them. They are classified into polyketides, terpenoids, steroids, macrolides, ten-membered lactones, alkaloids, flavonoids, and fatty acids. Polyketides constitute the main chemical population, accounting for 64%. Meanwhile, their bioactivities mainly involve cytotoxic, antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-algae, phytotoxic, and enzyme inhibitory activities. Diaporthe and Phomopsis exhibit their potent talents in the discovery of small molecules for drug candidates.

Bioactive secondary metabolites produced by microorganisms associated with plants

Biologia ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Firáková ◽  
Mária Šturdíková ◽  
Marta Múčková
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Biotechnological Production ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
The Past ◽  
Endophytic Microorganisms ◽  
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites

AbstractIn the past few decades groups of scientists have focused their study on relatively new microorganisms called endophytes. By definition these microorganisms, mostly fungi and bacteria, colonise the intercellular spaces of the plant tissues. The mutual relationship between endophytic microorganisms and their host plants, taxanomy and ecology of endophytes are being studied. Some of these microorganisms produce bioactive secondary metabolites that may be involved in a host-endophyte relationship. Recently, many endophytic bioactive metabolites, known as well as new substances, possesing a wide variety of biological activities as antibiotic, antitumor, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, etc. have been identified. The microorganisms such as endophytes may be very interesting for biotechnological production of bioactive substances as medicinally important agents. Therefore the aim of this review is to briefly characterize endophytes and summarize the structuraly different bioactive secondary metabolites produced by endophytic microorganisms as well as microbial sources of these metabolites and their host plants.

Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Endophytic Fungi

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1836-1854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Ancheeva ◽  
Georgios Daletos ◽  
Peter Proksch
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Cytotoxic Agents ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Direct Production ◽  
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Fungal Genes

Background: Endophytes represent a complex community of microorganisms colonizing asymptomatically internal tissues of higher plants. Several reports have shown that endophytes enhance the fitness of their host plants by direct production of bioactive secondary metabolites, which are involved in protecting the host against herbivores and pathogenic microbes. In addition, it is increasingly apparent that endophytes are able to biosynthesize medicinally important “phytochemicals”, originally believed to be produced only by their host plants. Objective: The present review provides an overview of secondary metabolites from endophytic fungi with pronounced biological activities covering the literature between 2010 and 2017. Special focus is given on studies aiming at exploration of the mode of action of these metabolites towards the discovery of leads from endophytic fungi. Moreover, this review critically evaluates the potential of endophytic fungi as alternative sources of bioactive “plant metabolites”. Results: Over the past few years, several promising lead structures from endophytic fungi have been described in the literature. In this review, 65 metabolites are outlined with pronounced biological activities, primarily as antimicrobial and cytotoxic agents. Some of these metabolites have shown to be highly selective or to possess novel mechanisms of action, which hold great promises as potential drug candidates. Conclusion: Endophytes represent an inexhaustible reservoir of pharmacologically important compounds. Moreover, endophytic fungi could be exploited for the sustainable production of bioactive “plant metabolites” in the future. Towards this aim, further insights into the dynamic endophyte - host plant interactions and origin of endophytic fungal genes would be of utmost importance.

scholarly journals Macrocycles as protein–protein interaction inhibitors

2017 ◽  
Vol 474 (7) ◽  
pp. 1109-1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick G. Dougherty ◽  
Ziqing Qian ◽  
Dehua Pei
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Cyclic Peptides ◽  
Macrocyclic Compounds ◽  
Protein Protein Interactions ◽  
Intracellular Protein ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
The Past ◽  
Conventional Drug

Macrocyclic compounds such as cyclic peptides have emerged as a new and exciting class of drug candidates for inhibition of intracellular protein–protein interactions, which are challenging targets for conventional drug modalities (i.e. small molecules and proteins). Over the past decade, several complementary technologies have been developed to synthesize macrocycle libraries and screen them for binding to therapeutically relevant targets. Two different approaches have also been explored to increase the membrane permeability of cyclic peptides. In this review, we discuss these methods and their applications in the discovery of macrocyclic compounds against protein–protein interactions.

scholarly journals Diversity of Myxobacteria—We Only See the Tip of the Iceberg

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin Mohr
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Rich Source ◽  
Cytostatic Activity ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites ◽  
New Antibiotics

The discovery of new antibiotics is mandatory with regard to the increasing number of resistant pathogens. One approach is the search for new antibiotic producers in nature. Among actinomycetes, Bacillus species, and fungi, myxobacteria have been a rich source for bioactive secondary metabolites for decades. To date, about 600 substances could be described, many of them with antibacterial, antifungal, or cytostatic activity. But, recent cultivation-independent studies on marine, terrestrial, or uncommon habitats unequivocally demonstrate that the number of uncultured myxobacteria is much higher than would be expected from the number of cultivated strains. Although several highly promising myxobacterial taxa have been identified recently, this so-called Great Plate Count Anomaly must be overcome to get broader access to new secondary metabolite producers. In the last years it turned out that especially new species, genera, and families of myxobacteria are promising sources for new bioactive metabolites. Therefore, the cultivation of the hitherto uncultivable ones is our biggest challenge.

Recent updates on Sinularia soft coral

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanaa Bahaa Elkhouly ◽  
Eman Zekry Attia ◽  
Amgad Ibrahim Mansour Khedr ◽  
Mamdouh Nabil Samy ◽  
Mostafa Ahmed Fouad
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Soft Coral ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Soft Corals ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

: Marine organisms are recognized as a rich source of bioactive secondary metabolites. The remarkable abundance and diversity of bioactive small molecules isolated from soft corals displayed their essential role in drug discovery for human diseases. Sterols and terpenes, particularly cembranolides, 14-membered cyclic diterpene, demonstrated numerous biological activities, such as antitumor, antimicrobial, antiviral, antidiabetic, anti-osteoporosis and anti-inflammatory. Accordingly, continuous investigation of marine soft corals will be the way for the discovery of a plentiful number of chemical diverse natural products with various biological potentials for prospective pharmaceutical industrial applications. Such review affords plenary inspection of the total secondary metabolites isolated from the Sinularia, from 2008 until 2020, besides their natural sources as well as bioactivities whenever possible.

scholarly journals The biosynthetic diversity of the animal world

2019 ◽  
Vol 294 (46) ◽  
pp. 17684-17692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua P. Torres ◽  
Eric W. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Symbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Biosynthetic Enzymes ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
The Past ◽  
Plant Research

Secondary metabolites are often considered within the remit of bacterial or plant research, but animals also contain a plethora of these molecules with important functional roles. Classical feeding studies demonstrate that, whereas some are derived from diet, many of these compounds are made within the animals. In the past 15 years, the genetic and biochemical origin of several animal natural products has been traced to partnerships with symbiotic bacteria. More recently, a number of animal genome-encoded pathways to microbe-like natural products have come to light. These pathways are sometimes horizontally acquired from bacteria, but more commonly they unveil a new and diverse animal biochemistry. In this review, we highlight recent examples of characterized animal biosynthetic enzymes that reveal an unanticipated breadth and intricacy in animal secondary metabolism. The results so far suggest that there may be an immense diversity of animal small molecules and biosynthetic enzymes awaiting discovery. This biosynthetic dark matter is just beginning to be understood, providing a relatively untapped frontier for discovery.

scholarly journals Bioactive Secondary Metabolites Produced by the Fungal Endophytes of Conifers

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1501001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea A. Stierle ◽  
Donald B. Stierle
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Active Component ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Human Cancer Cell ◽  
Human Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites

This is a review of bioactive secondary metabolites isolated from conifer-associated endophytic fungi from 1990-2014. This includes compounds with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and cytotoxic activity towards human cancer cell lines, and activity against either plant pathogens or plant insect pests. Compounds that were originally reported without associated activity were included if other studies ascribed activity to these compounds. Compounds were not included if they were exclusively phytotoxic or if they were isolated from active extracts but were not determined to be the active component of that extract.

scholarly journals Terrestrische Cyanobakterien als Quelle für antimikrobielle Wirkstoffe

BIOspektrum ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 794-796
Author(s):  
Marco Witthohn ◽  
Anna Schwarz ◽  
Dorina Strieth ◽  
Selina Lenz ◽  
Roland Ulber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Biotechnological Potential ◽  
The Past ◽  
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites

AbstractCyanobacteria developed an enormous reservoir of bioactive secondary metabolites in order to prevail against competitive microorganisms and harsh environmental impacts. Many cyanobacterial substances with vast economical, medical and biotechnological potential have been described in the past. However, most of the examined bacteria are aquatic strains. We want to take a closer look on their terrestrial relatives which also possess a rich secondary metabolome that is still to explore.

Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Geosmithia langdonii

Planta Medica ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
LG Malak ◽  
DW Bishay ◽  
AM Abdel-baky ◽  
AM Moharram ◽  
SJ Cutler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites
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