SOME SHORT-TERM EFFECTS OF INCREASED CARBON DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION ON PHOTOSYNTHETIC ASSIMILATION IN LEAVES

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1191-1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Mortimer
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Closed System ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Glyceric Acid ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Radioactive Carbon ◽  
Photosynthetic Assimilation ◽  
Atmospheric Level

The photosynthetic assimilation of radioactive carbon dioxide by leaves from seven plant species was continuously measured in a closed system in which the concentration of carbon dioxide was abruptly increased from the atmospheric level to predetermined levels up to 2.0%. The rate of assimilation immediately increased, approximately proportional to concentration, but after about one minute began to decrease. The degree and duration of the decrease in rate of uptake varied with plant species and with concentration. This increased uptake of carbon dioxide influenced the distribution of carbon among the products of assimilation. At the lowest concentration (0.1%), serine, glycine, and glyceric acid contained most of the carbon assimilated during the experimental period, but at higher concentrations these were replaced by sucrose and alanine.

scholarly journals Effect of Carbon Dioxide Concentration on Cereal Yield in Sudan

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ibrahim A. Onour ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Cointegration Analysis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Bound Test

To estimate the long-term effect of carbon dioxide (CO2) emission on cereal yield in Sudan, we employed an autoregressive distributed lagged (ARDL) bound test for cointegration analysis. The ARDL results reveal evidence of cointegration between the dependent variable (cereals yield) and two independent variables (CO2 emission) and agricultural GDP. The estimation results of the error correction model indicate that change in CO2 has a positive and significant impact on the cereal yield in the long and short terms, as 1% increase in CO2 leads to a cereal yield increase by 3% in the short term and by 0.7% in the long term. This result adds two important findings to the existing literature: First, the positive impact of CO2 on cereal yield in Sudan supports previous research findings in other countries of warm and arid climates. Second, the effect of CO2 on cereal yield differs from short to long term, as our finding indicates that CO2 has a greater positive effect in the short term compared to that in the long term, implying that the effect of CO2 on cereal yields is not linear, as commonly perceived, but it decreases as time duration extends to longer periods. This may be due to the CO2 effect on global warming that emanates from cumulative CO2 concentration, which leaves a disproportionate impact on crops over time.

SYNTHESIS OF 2-PYRROLECARBOXYLIC (C14O2H) ACID AND STUDY OF ITS METABOLISM IN THE INTACT RAT

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 811-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Letellier ◽  
L. P. Bouthillier
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Closed System ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Radioactive Carbon ◽  
Young Rats

A method is described for the synthesis of 2-pyrrolecarboxylic (C14O2H) acid (PCA), in 50% over-all yield, by carbonation in a closed system of pyrrylmagnesium bromide, using a small amount of radioactive carbon dioxide. Doses of the labelled substance were administered by intraperitoneal injection to young rats. A small fraction of the injected radioactive PCA was catabolized in the rat tissues in such a manner that only 5 to 6% of the isotope appeared in expired carbon dioxide within 24 hours. From 70 to 80% of the injected radioactivity was excreted in the urine collected for 24 hours. Unchanged PCA, pyrroylglycine, and a glucuronide of PCA were the three major radioactive products demonstrated in the urine.

SYNTHESIS OF 2-PYRROLECARBOXYLIC (C14O2H) ACID AND STUDY OF ITS METABOLISM IN THE INTACT RAT

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 811-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Letellier ◽  
L. P. Bouthillier
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Closed System ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Radioactive Carbon ◽  
Young Rats

A method is described for the synthesis of 2-pyrrolecarboxylic (C14O2H) acid (PCA), in 50% over-all yield, by carbonation in a closed system of pyrrylmagnesium bromide, using a small amount of radioactive carbon dioxide. Doses of the labelled substance were administered by intraperitoneal injection to young rats. A small fraction of the injected radioactive PCA was catabolized in the rat tissues in such a manner that only 5 to 6% of the isotope appeared in expired carbon dioxide within 24 hours. From 70 to 80% of the injected radioactivity was excreted in the urine collected for 24 hours. Unchanged PCA, pyrroylglycine, and a glucuronide of PCA were the three major radioactive products demonstrated in the urine.

THE INCORPORATION OF C14 INTO CELLULOSE AND OTHER POLYSACCHARIDES OF SUGAR BEET LEAF DURING SHORT TERM PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN C14O2

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Mortimer ◽  
Clare B. Wylam
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Photosynthetic Assimilation ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Soluble Fractions

The carbohydrates of sugar beet leaf were fractionated by successive extractions in ethanol, water, and three concentrations of potassium hydroxide. Quantitative hydrolysis of the polysaccharides from the water- and alkali-soluble fractions gave galactose, glucose, arabinose, xylose, ribose, and rhamnose in varying proportions. When these fractions from leaves which had photosynthetically assimilated C14O2 for 10 to 120 seconds were analyzed, all fractions, including the alkali-insoluble cellulose, were labelled after only 10 seconds. The proportion of C14 in the alkali-soluble fraction was high relative to that in cellulose after 10 seconds, but similar in both fractions after longer periods. All of the radioactivity in the carbohydrates was in glucose (apart from the fructose of sucrose). When photosynthesis in C14O2 was followed by photosynthetic periods in normal air, the polysaccharide fractions all continued to receive C14-labelled glucose for about 5 minutes. No significant transfer of radioactivity from one fraction to another was detected during an additional 40 minutes. The data indicate that the formation of leaf polysaccharides is closely linked to early products of the photosynthetic assimilation of carbon dioxide, and that the different polysaccharides are formed concurrently with little interconversion.

scholarly journals Influencing Factors for Short-term Variations of Carbon Dioxide Concentration at the Gosan Site in Jeju, Korea

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 423-433
Author(s):  
Seung-Yeon Kim ◽  
Sang-Deok Lee ◽  
Deok-Rae Kim ◽  
Jae-Bum Lee ◽  
Chang-Keun Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Short Term

SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE FORMATION OF GLYCERIC ACID DURING PHOTOSYNTHESIS EXPERIMENTS

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Mortimer
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Glyceric Acid ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Alternate Pathway ◽  
Phosphoglyceric Acid ◽  
Soybean Leaf ◽  
Photosynthetic Assimilation ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The dephosphorylation of phosphoglyceric acid was tested under a variety of conditions. Hydrolysis of the ester by leaf homogenates was relatively slow, even when conditions favored enzymatic activity, and was not detected when frozen homogenate was extracted by boiling 80% ethanol. The results suggest that glyceric acid recovered in ethanol-soluble extracts of leaves following short-term photosynthesis experiments is not normally derived from phosphoglyceric acid. The route proposed for the synthesis of glyceric acid is related, with particular reference to soybean leaf, to an alternate pathway for photosynthetic assimilation which does not utilize phosphoglyceric acid.

scholarly journals Effect of glazing configuration as an energy-saving strategy in naturally ventilated greenhouses for strawberry (Seolhyang sp.) cultivation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Denen Akpenpuun ◽  
Wook Ho Na ◽  
Qazeem Opeyemi Ogunlowo ◽  
Anis Rabiu ◽  
Misbaudeen Aderemi Adesanya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Thermal Screen ◽  
The Mean

Strawberry cultivation is highly dependent on environmental parameters and energy during the winter. Two gothic greenhouses with different glazing material combinations, polyolefin–thermal screen (PoTS) and polyolefin–thermal screen–polyethylene (PoTSPe), were used for strawberry cultivation. The energy-saving capabilities of the two configurations and their impact on the microclimates of the greenhouses were investigated. The temperature, relative humidity, vapor pressure deficit, leaf temperature, carbon dioxide concentration and solar radiation over the experimental period in the PoTS greenhouse were 13.0 ± 2.3°C, 75.8 ± 6.5%, 0.4 ± 0.1 kPa, 13.6 ± 1.7 °C, and 168.8 ± 82.3W/m2, respectively, whereas those of the PoTSPe condition were 13.1 ± 2.3 °C, 80.0 ± 5.7%, 0.3 ± 0.1 kPa, 13.5 ± 1.6 °C, and 183.1 ± 90.5 W/m2. The mean fuel consumption by the PoTS and PoTSPe greenhouses were 5.5 and 3.5 L, respectively. The performance analysis shows that both greenhouses were able to maintain the environmental parameters and leaf temperature within the recommended ranges, although more energy was consumed in the PoTS. More yield was obtained in the PoTS greenhouse, however, not significantly different from PoTSPe yield.

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