NUCLEAR PHENOMENA IN THE LIFE CYCLE OF GANODERMA LUCIDUM (LEYSS. EX FR.) KARST.

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjali Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
The Other ◽  
Multinucleate Cells ◽  
Nuclear Behavior

Nuclear behavior in the life cycle of Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss. ex Fr.) Karst., a common polypore in West Bengal, India, has been studied. Each young basidium is binucleate and the nuclei soon fuse to form a syncaryon which undergoes three successive divisions, of which the first is reductional, to produce eight daughter nuclei. Four nuclei pass into the four spores, one into each, and the other four, remaining within the basidium, finally degenerate. Thus at first each basidiospore contains one nucleus which may or may not divide further. On germination, the spores give rise to primary mycelia with uninucleate or multinucleate cells. Secondary mycelia, formed by the union of two compatible primary mycelia, have nodose-septate hyphae in which most of the cells are dikaryotic although cells with more than two nuclei are not uncommon.The chromosome number, counted from metaphasic plates, has been found to be 10 = 2n.

A CYTOLOGICAL STUDY OF ASCOCYBE

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1605-1607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles M. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Cytological Study ◽  
Nuclear Behavior

The nuclear behavior in the life cycle of Ascocybe grovesii is described. The chromosome number is given as six from counts made of chromosomes in the meiotic divisions in the asci. The ascophores are described as diploid, and as a consequence there is no fusion of nuclei in the asci.

Studies on North Indian Volvocales. VI. On the life cycle and cytology of a new member of Phacotaceae, Dysmorphococcus sarmaii sp. nov.

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 726-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Shyam
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Asexual Reproduction ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Contractile Vacuoles ◽  
A New Species

This paper deals with the morphology, reproduction, and cytology of a new species of Dysmorphococcus, viz., Dysmorphococcus sarmaii sp. nov. (Phacotaceae, Volvocales) from India. The lorica of this flagellate displays a remarkable morphological variability in nature as well as in culture under laboratory conditions. The alga is characterised by an anteriorly bilobed pentagonal lorica ornamentated with polygonal pores, a massive globose chloroplast that lacks a pyrenoid and almost completely occupys the protoplast, a prominent red stigma, two contractile vacuoles located anteriorly near the insertion of the flagella, and flagella that are equal to or a little longer than the length of the lorica. The pentagonal lorica of the present taxon differs remarkably from the broadly ovoid to globose lorica of D. variabilis Takeda, D. coccifer Korschikoff, and D. globosus Bold and Starr. The lorica of D. sarmaii is somewhat comparable in shape to D. punctatus Fott because of its bilobed anterior but differs from the latter in its ornamentation. The massive globose chloroplast lacking a pyrenoid in the present alga differs remarkably from the other species of this genus where the chloroplast possesses one or several pyrenoids. In addition, asexual reproduction, which is accomplished by division of the protoplast within the lorica, results in the production of 8–16 zoospores as compared with the earlier record of 2 and 4 zoospores in this genus. The alga is heterothallic and sexual reproduction, which was not known for the earlier described species of the genus Dysmorphococcus, takes place by isogametes produced 16–32(–64) per cell. The chromosome number recorded for D. sarmaii is n = 10.

scholarly journals Mushroom diversity in the Biligiri rangana hills of Karnataka (India)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1381-1387
Author(s):  
D. Akash ◽  
N. Earanna ◽  
S. Subramanya
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Mushroom Species ◽  
Phenotypic Characters ◽  
Evergreen Forests

Evergreen forests of Biligiri rangana hills (BR hills) spread over an area of 540 sq. KM over eastern most edge of Western Ghats in Karnataka. Climatic conditions are more favorable for establishment of mushrooms and complete their life cycle. In this study, fourteen mushroom species were collected from BR hills region during monsoon (June through September 2013) with the help of Solega tribe inhabited the region since many years. Of the fourteen mushrooms, two mushrooms were identified as Ganoderma lucidum and Polyporous flabelliformis based on their phenotypic characters. The other 12 mushrooms were identified by ITS (Internal Transcribed spacer)region sequence homology as Termitomyces sp. (BRM-3)., Auricularia delicate (BRM-4), Termitomyces microcarpus (BRM-5), Amanita sp. (BRM-6), Podoscypha petalodes (BRM-7), Agaricaceae sp. (BRM-8), Macrolepiota sp.(BRM-9), Calvatia holothurioides (BRM-10), Gymnopillus crociphyllus (BRM-11), Coprinus comatus (BRM-12), Gyrodontium sacchari (BRM-13) and Clitocybeafffellea (BRM-14). Among the fourteen mushrooms, three species viz., Termito-myces species, Auricularia delicate and Termitomyces microcarpus were edible. The others were non edible/poisonous species. This study reports the diverse mushroom species as addition to biodiversity at BR hills.

scholarly journals Limitation of current probe design for oligo-cross-FISH, exemplified by chromosome evolution studies in duckweeds

Chromosoma ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
Phuong T. N. Hoang ◽  
Jean-Marie Rouillard ◽  
Jiří Macas ◽  
Ivona Kubalová ◽  
Veit Schubert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosome Evolution ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
The Other ◽  
Probe Design ◽  
Congeneric Species ◽  
Specific Design ◽  
Spirodela Polyrhiza

AbstractDuckweeds represent a small, free-floating aquatic family (Lemnaceae) of the monocot order Alismatales with the fastest growth rate among flowering plants. They comprise five genera (Spirodela, Landoltia, Lemna, Wolffiella, and Wolffia) varying in genome size and chromosome number. Spirodela polyrhiza had the first sequenced duckweed genome. Cytogenetic maps are available for both species of the genus Spirodela (S. polyrhiza and S. intermedia). However, elucidation of chromosome homeology and evolutionary chromosome rearrangements by cross-FISH using Spirodela BAC probes to species of other duckweed genera has not been successful so far. We investigated the potential of chromosome-specific oligo-FISH probes to address these topics. We designed oligo-FISH probes specific for one S. intermedia and one S. polyrhiza chromosome (Fig. 1a). Our results show that these oligo-probes cross-hybridize with the homeologous regions of the other congeneric species, but are not suitable to uncover chromosomal homeology across duckweeds genera. This is most likely due to too low sequence similarity between the investigated genera and/or too low probe density on the target genomes. Finally, we suggest genus-specific design of oligo-probes to elucidate chromosome evolution across duckweed genera.

Aspidistra revoluta, a new species from limestone areas in Chongqing, China

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 257 (3) ◽  
pp. 280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Zhou ◽  
Si-rong Yi ◽  
Qi Gao ◽  
Jie Huang ◽  
Yu-jing Wei
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Chromosome Complement ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
The Other ◽  
Morphological Comparison ◽  
Chongqing Municipality ◽  
Karyotype Asymmetry ◽  
A New Species

Aspidistra revoluta (Asparagaceae) is described and illustrated as a new species from limestone areas in southern Chongqing Municipality, China. The new species can be distinguished from the other Aspidistra species by its unique umbrella-like pistil with large revolute stigma lobes that bent downwards and touch the base of the perigone. A detailed morphological comparison among A. revoluta, A. nanchuanensis and A. carnosa is provided. The pollen grains of A. revoluta are subspherical and inaperturate, with verrucous exine. The chromosome number is 2n = 38, and the karyotype is formulated as 2n = 22m + 6sm + 10st. The average length of chromosome complement is 4.50 μm, and the karyotype asymmetry indexes A1 and A2 are respectively 0.37±0.03 and 0.49±0.01.

The butterfly squid Stoloteuthis leucoptera in the Mediterranean

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Orsi Relini ◽  
Daniela Massi
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
The Other ◽  
Otter Trawl ◽  
Ligurian Sea ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Unique Species ◽  
Recent Immigration

The presence of Stoloteuthis leucoptera in the Mediterranean is recorded on the basis of three specimens, including an adult male, caught by IKMT and by commercial otter-trawl in the Ligurian Sea. The hypothesis of a recent immigration is discussed.The list of Mediterranean cephalopods (Mangold Wirz, 1963; Torchio, 1968; Bello, 1986; Mangold & Boletzsky, 1987) includes the Sepiolidae of the subfamily Heteroteuthinae, whose members are supposed to be pelagic throughout their life cycle. Mangold Wirz (1963) recognizes in the Mediterranean fauna the unique species Heteroteuthis dispar, the other authors include H. atlantis Voss, which Voss himself (1955) reported at Messina. To this group may now be added Stoloteuthis leucoptera (Verrill, 1878) a species until now recorded in limited Atlantic areas. Verrill (1881) wrote “This species is an exceedingly beautiful one, when living, owing to the elegance and brilliancy of its colours and the gracefulness of its movements. In swimming it moves its fins in a manner analogous to the motion of the wings of a butterfly.”

scholarly journals Biology of the Wild SilkmothAnaphe panda(Boisduval) in the Kakamega Forest of Western Kenya

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Mbahin ◽  
S. K. Raina ◽  
E. N. Kioko ◽  
J. M. Mueke
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Kakamega Forest ◽  
Pupal Period ◽  
Indigenous Forest

A study on the life cycle of the silkmothAnaphe panda(Boisduval) was conducted in two different habitats of the Kakamega Forest in western Kenya: Ikuywa, an indigenous forest, and Isecheno, a mixed indigenous forest. Eggs were laid in clusters, and the incubation period ranged from 40 to 45 days. Larvae fed onBridelia micrantha(Hochst) and passed through seven instars. The developmental period took between 83 to 86 days in the dry season and 112 to118 days in the rainy season. The pupal period ranged between 158 and 178 days in the rainy season and, on the other hand, between 107 and 138 days in the dry season. But the later caught up in development with those that formed earlier. Moths emerged from mid-October until mid-May. Longevity of adultAnaphe pandamoths took between 4 and 6 days, but generally females seemed to live longer than males. The moth also seems to have higher lifespan in the indigenous forest compared to the mixed indigenous forest.

scholarly journals Speed and Sustainability When Entering New Market

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12458
Author(s):  
Gwang Seok Kim ◽  
Young Hoon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Entry Mode ◽  
The Other ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Optimal Size ◽  
Construction Time ◽  
Business Excellence ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Mature Market ◽  
Job Prospects

When constructing a factory to enter new markets, the optimal size to respond to demand is determined by the construction time. Hyundai Motor Company (Hyundai), on the other hand, standardizes the size of its factories to speed up the entry and response to demand. The Hyundai’s entry mode, called SPEED, is modeled as a strategy. The strategy is evaluated of excellence with capacity expansion rules formalized, key parameters identified, and mathematical programming. The SPEED strategy is suited for market followers who want to enter a midscale or mature market in terms of business excellence and more sustainable throughout the factory’s life cycle on the side of sustainability. Shorter construction times, as a result of the SPEED strategy, can help to prevent environmental damage while also standardization can increase job prospects for local workers.

scholarly journals MUTATIONS INCREASING ASEXUAL PLASMODIUM FORMATION IN PHYSARUM POLYCEPHALUM

Genetics ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-420
Author(s):  
Paul N Adler ◽  
Charles E Holt
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Physarum Polycephalum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Type Allele ◽  
Cold Sensitive ◽  
The One

ABSTRACT Rare plasmodia formed in clones of heterothallic amoebae were analyzed in a search for mutations affecting plasmodium formation. The results show that the proportion of mutants varies with both temperature (18°, 26° or 30°) and mating-type allele (mt1, mt2, mt3, mt4). At one extreme, only one of 33 plasmoida formed by mt2 amoebae at 18° is mutant. At the other extreme, three of three plasmodia formed by mt1 amoebae at 30° are mutant. The mutant plasmodia fall into two groups, the GAD (greater asexual differentiation) mutants and the ALC (amoebaless life cycle) mutants. The spores of GAD mutants give rise to amoebae that differentiate into plasmodia asexually at much higher frequencies than normal heterothallic amoebae. Seven of eight gad mutations analyzed genetically are linked to mt and one (gad-12) is not. The gad-12 mutation is expressed in strains with different alleles of mt. The frequency of asexual plasmodium formation is heat sensitive in some (e.g., mt3 gad-11), heat-insensitive in two (mt2 gad-8 and mt2 gad-9) and cold-sensitive in one (mt1 gad-12) of twelve GAD mutants analyzed phenotypically. The spores of ALC mutants give rise to plasmodia directly, thereby circumventing the amoebal phase of the life cycle. Spores from five of the seven ALC mutants give rise to occasional amoebae, as well as plasmodia. The amoebae from one of the mutants carry a mutation (alc-1) that is unlinked to mt and is responsible for the ALC phenotype in this mutant. Like gad-12, alc-1 is expressed with different mt alleles. Preliminary observations with amoebae from the other four ALC mutants suggest that two are similar to the one containing alc-1; one gives rise to revertant amoebae, and one gives rise to amoebae carrying an alc mutation and a suppressor of the mutation.

scholarly journals To transport waste or transport recycling plant: Insights from life-cycle analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 105 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 516
Author(s):  
Guilhem Grimaud ◽  
Bertrand Laratte ◽  
Nicolas Perry
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Analysis ◽  
Treatment Cost ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Balance ◽  
The One ◽  
Waste Deposit ◽  
Centralized System

The purpose of this study is to determine the environmental and economic balance between a collection of waste requiring the transport to a centralized recycling plant versus the displacement of a recycling plant near the waste production’s location. Two systems are compared in the study with economic and environmental Life cycle analysis (LCC and LCA) tools. The first one considers a centralized recycling plant that gathers batch of cables from different locations in Europe. The second scenario considers a transportable recycling plant, the Cablebox (designed by MTB Manufacturing), which is regularly carried to be close to the waste deposit to recycle waste cables. On the one hand, the study demonstrates huge environmental benefits for transportable recycling plants in comparison with the centralized system. The overall environmental impact is halved on the climate change indicator. On the other hand, the results show the economic advantages of such solution. The treatment cost per ton of recycling is reduced by 5 to 8%. Transportable recycling solutions seem to be a good answer to solve End-of-Life logistic issues, both from an economic and an environmental point of view.

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