CYTOTAXONOMY OF SECTION PSAMMELYMUS OF THE GENUS ELYMUS

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 951-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wray M. Bowden
Keyword(s):  
Wide Distribution ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Taimyr Peninsula ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Hybrid Complex ◽  
Asiatic Species ◽  
The North Pacific

Comparative studies were made on the morphology of herbarium specimens and plot-grown plants of three species of Elymus L. in section Psammelymus Griseb. in Ledeb., namely, E. racemosus Lam., E. arenarius L., and E. mollis Trin. The three species were morphologically and geographically distinct. Elymus racemosus, a tetraploid species (2n = 28), occurs from Eastern Greece to Altai. Elymus arenarius is a Northern European species that is octoploid (2n = 56); it occurs in Iceland and has been introduced to the west coast of Greenland and widely separated localities in North America. Elymus mollis (2n = 28) has a wide distribution from the North Pacific coasts to Southern Greenland and rarely Iceland; it occurs in the Arctic from the Taimyr Peninsula to West Greenland. In E. mollis, there are three subspecies: (1) subsp. mollis including var. mollis f. mollis, f. simulans f. nov. and f. scabrinervis f. nov. and var. japonicus var. nov.; (2) subsp. villosissimus (Scribn.) Love; and (3) subsp. interior (Hultén) comb. nov. The Asiatic species, E. angustus Trin. and E. dasystachys Trin., are related to these three species. Elymus × vancouverensis Vasey appears to be an interspecific hybrid complex that originated from the hybridization of E. mollis var. mollis and probably E. triticoides Buckl., which is also tetraploid (2n = 28). In E. × vancouverensis, there are three nothomorphs: nm. vancouverensis (2n = 42), nm. californicus nm. nov. (2n = 42), and nm. crescentianus nm. nov. (2n = 28).

scholarly journals The Arctic vortex in March 2011: a dynamical perspective

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 11447-11453 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Hurwitz ◽  
P. A. Newman ◽  
C. I. Garfinkel
Keyword(s):  
Planetary Wave ◽  
La Niña ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Quasi Biennial Oscillation ◽  
The North ◽  
La Nina ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies ◽  
Biennial Oscillation ◽  
The North Pacific

Abstract. Despite the record ozone loss observed in March 2011, dynamical conditions in the Arctic stratosphere were unusual but not unprecedented. Weak planetary wave driving in February preceded cold anomalies in the polar lower stratosphere in March and a relatively late breakup of the Arctic vortex in April. La Niña conditions and the westerly phase of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) were observed in March 2011. Though these conditions are generally associated with a stronger vortex in mid-winter, the respective cold anomalies do not persist through March. Therefore, the La Niña and QBO-westerly conditions cannot explain the observed cold anomalies in March 2011. In contrast, positive sea surface temperature anomalies in the North Pacific may have contributed to the unusually weak tropospheric wave driving and strong Arctic vortex in late winter 2011.

scholarly journals California Central Valley Summer Heat Waves Form Two Ways*

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 1201-1217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Young Lee ◽  
Richard Grotjahn
Keyword(s):  
North Pacific ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Northern California ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The West ◽  
California Coast ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Pacific

Abstract California Central Valley (CCV) heat waves are grouped into two types based on the temporal and spatial evolution of the large-scale meteorological patterns (LSMPs) prior to onset. The k-means clustering of key features in the anomalous temperature and zonal wind identifies the two groups. Composite analyses show different evolution prior to developing a similar ridge–trough–ridge pattern spanning the North Pacific at the onset of CCV hot spells. Backward trajectories show adiabatic heating of air enhanced by anomalous sinking plus horizontal advection as the main mechanisms to create hot lower-tropospheric air just off the Northern California coast, although the paths differ between clusters. The first cluster develops the ridge at the west coast on the day before onset, consistent with wave activity flux traveling across the North Pacific. Air parcels that arrive at the maximum temperature anomaly (just off the Northern California coast) tend to travel a long distance across the Pacific from the west. The second cluster has the ridge in place for several days prior to extreme CCV heat, but this ridge is located farther north, with heat anomaly over the northwestern United States. This ridge expands south as air parcels at midtropospheric levels descend from the northwest while lower-level parcels over land tend to bring hot air from directions ranging from the hot area to the northeast to the desert areas to the southeast. These two types reveal unexpected dynamical complexity, hint at different remote associations, and expand the assessment needed of climate models’ simulations of these heat waves.

scholarly journals Heat transport pathways into the Arctic and their connections to surface air temperatures

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 3927-3937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Mewes ◽  
Christoph Jacobi
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Positive Temperature ◽  
Transport Pathways ◽  
Temperature Anomalies ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The North Pacific

Abstract. Arctic amplification causes the meridional temperature gradient between middle and high latitudes to decrease. Through this decrease the large-scale circulation in the midlatitudes may change and therefore the meridional transport of heat and moisture increases. This in turn may increase Arctic warming even further. To investigate patterns of Arctic temperature, horizontal transports and their changes in time, we analysed ERA-Interim daily winter data of vertically integrated horizontal moist static energy transport using self-organizing maps (SOMs). Three general transport pathways have been identified: the North Atlantic pathway with transport mainly over the northern Atlantic, the North Pacific pathway with transport from the Pacific region, and the Siberian pathway with transport towards the Arctic over the eastern Siberian region. Transports that originate from the North Pacific are connected to negative temperature anomalies over the central Arctic. These North Pacific pathways have been becoming less frequent during the last decades. Patterns with origin of transport in Siberia are found to have no trend and show cold temperature anomalies north of Svalbard. It was found that transport patterns that favour transport through the North Atlantic into the central Arctic are connected to positive temperature anomalies over large regions of the Arctic. These temperature anomalies resemble the warm Arctic–cold continents pattern. Further, it could be shown that transport through the North Atlantic has been becoming more frequent during the last decades.

PATTERNS OF DIVERSITY IN THE CANADIAN INSECT FAUNA

1993 ◽  
Vol 125 (S165) ◽  
pp. 51-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.V. Danks
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Interspecific Interactions ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Large Area ◽  
The West ◽  
Insect Fauna ◽  
Climatic Trend ◽  
The North ◽  
Historical Factors

AbstractThe diversity of the Canadian insect fauna decreases and its composition (at all taxonomic levels) changes as climates become progressively more harsh toward the north. This climatic trend dominates patterns of diversity, but many other factors interact to produce the observed patterns. In the arctic, species richness is greatest in the west. Farther south, overall species richness is greatest in the west (especially British Columbia), associated with coastal and cordilleran habitats, and to a somewhat smaller degree in the southeast (especially Ontario), associated with deciduous forests and particularly with transitional forests which occupy a large area of southeastern Canada. However, certain taxa are better represented in the west or in the east, depending on present-day habitats and on historical factors. These conclusions, based chiefly on a sample of taxa of different types, are possible only because basic systematic work has been carried out to distinguish and map the species. Preliminary data on numerical patterns, such as the numbers of species relative to different potential resources such as host plants in different zones, tend to suggest that the occurrence of species in the north may depend so heavily on climatic factors that potential resources are not fully exploited and the effects of interspecific interactions on diversity are reduced.

Shrines and Sovereigns: Life, Death, and Religion in Rural Azerbaijan

2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 654-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Grant
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Religious Tradition ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The West ◽  
Arctic Circle ◽  
Rapid Succession ◽  
The North ◽  
Land Mass

Shrines fill the Eurasian land mass. They can be found from Turkey in the west to China in the east, from the Arctic Circle in the north to Afghanistan in the south. Between town and country, they can consist of full-scale architectural complexes, or they may compose no more than an open field, a pile of stones, a tree, or a small mausoleum. They have been at the centers and peripheries of almost every major religious tradition of the region: Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism. Yet in the formerly socialist world, these places of pilgrimage have something even more in common: they were often cast as the last bastions of religious observance when churches, mosques, temples, and synagogues were sent crashing to the ground in rapid succession across the twentieth century.

The Arctic Caledonides and earlier Oceans

1972 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. Harland ◽  
R. A. Gayer
Keyword(s):  
Barents Sea ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Lomonosov Ridge ◽  
The Urals ◽  
The West ◽  
East Greenland ◽  
The North ◽  
Scandinavian Caledonides ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
North Greenland

SummaryConsideration of the arctic configuration of the Caledonides leads to a distinction between eastern and western geosynclinal belts. The western belt, comprising the East Greenland, East Svalbard and southern Barents Sea Caledonides is postulated to continue northwards into the Lomonosov Ridge, whilst the western Spitsbergen Caledonides are thought to have originated as part of the North Greenland geosyncline which is also thought to continue northwards to form the western part of the Lomonosov Ridge. The eastern Caledonian geosynclinal belt comprising the Scandinavian Caledonides appears to swing eastwards to link with the Timan Chain and possibly the Urals.The already postulated (‘Proto-Atlantic’) ocean concept is reviewed in the light of the Arctic Caledonides and named Iapetus. Faunal provincialism suggests that the ocean was in existence up to early Ordovician but had substantially closed by mid Ordovician times. Possible relics of the suture marking the closure of this ocean suggest that it lay to the west of the Arctic Scandinavian Caledonides trending NE to latitude 70° N and thence veered eastwards separating the southern Barents Sea Caledonides from those of Arctic Scandinavia, possibly connecting with the northern Uralian ocean. A previous branch of the ocean may have separated East Svalbard and East Greenland as an ocean-like trough. A further (pre-Arctic) ocean may have existed to the north of the North Greenland–Lomonosov Ridge geosynclines. This is named Pelagus.The closure of these oceanic areas and the deformation of the bordering geosynclines delineates three principal continental plates, namely, Baltic, Greenland and Barents Plates. Their relative dominantly E–W motion up to Silurian times produced compression between the Greenland and both the Baltic and Barents plates but dextral transpression and transcurrence between the latter plates. In Late Silurian to Devonian times an increasing northward component controlled late Caledonian transpression and sinistral transcurrence between the Greenland plate and the combined Baltic and Barents plates.

Bathyal benthic polychaetes from the N.E. Atlantic Ocean, S.W. of the British Isles

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 593-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jørgen B. Kirkegaard
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
New Genus ◽  
New Combination ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
British Isles ◽  
The North ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The North Pacific

From bathyal depths in the Bay of Biscay, southwest of the British Isles, 89 species of polychaetes are described, among which are two new species, one new genus, and one new Combination, i.e. Pholoe fauveli sp. nov., Paracapitella southwardi n.gen., n. sp., and Galathowenia oculata, new combination. Of the species taken, 52 % are also known from abyssal depths. The bathyal polychaete fauna of the North Atlantic seems to be common with that of the Arctic and the North Pacific.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and biogeography in Chaetomorpha melagonium (Ulvophyceae, Cladophorales) based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS rDNA) sequences

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Boedeker ◽  
Frederik Leliaert ◽  
Giuseppe C. Zuccarello
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The North ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The North Pacific

Abstractis a morphologically distinct species of green algae that occurs throughout the North Atlantic, the North Pacific and the Arctic Ocean. In this study, we analyzed the intraspecific genetic diversity among 14 samples of

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