Impacts of Siberian Biomass Burning on Organic Aerosols over the North Pacific Ocean and the Arctic: Primary and Secondary Organic Tracers

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 3149-3157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Ding ◽  
Xinming Wang ◽  
Zhouqing Xie ◽  
Zhou Zhang ◽  
Liguang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
Organic Aerosols ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Pacific

Analysis of 60-yr record of surface 137Cs concentrations in the global ocean

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yayoi Inomata ◽  
Michio Aoyama
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
Global Fallout ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
The North ◽  
Nuclear Reprocessing ◽  
The North Pacific

<p>We investigated spatial and temporal variations in 137Cs concentrations in the surface waters of the global ocean for the period from 1957 to 2018. In order to study the distribution of 137Cs concentrations in surface seawater, we divided the global ocean into 37 latitudinal boxes on the basis of known ocean current systems, latitudinal and longitudinal distributions of 137Cs concentrations, the distribution of global fallout, locations of nuclear reprocessing plants, fallout from the Chernobyl accident, and release from Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant accident. Based on the 0.5-y average value of 137Cs concentrations in the surface water in each box, we classified the temporal variations into four types. In the North Pacific Ocean where there was high fallout from atmospheric nuclear weapons tests, the rates of decrease in the 137Cs concentrations changed over the five decades: the rate of decrease from the 1950s to the 1970s was much faster than that after the 1970s, and the 137Cs concentrations were almost constant after the 1990s. Latitudinal differences in 137Cs concentrations in the North Pacific Ocean became small with time. After March 2011, extremely high concentrations (3.26×107 Bq/m3) were observed in the western North Pacific Ocean based on the direct release and atmospheric deposition of FNPP1-derived 137Cs. In the equatorial Pacific and Indian Oceans, the 137Cs concentrations varied within a constant range in the 1970s and 1980s, due to the advection of 137Cs from areas of high global fallout in the mid-latitudes of the North Pacific Ocean. In the eastern South Pacific and Atlantic Oceans (south of 40°S), the concentrations decreased exponentially over the six decades. In the Arctic and North Atlantic Oceans, including marginal seas, 137Cs concentrations were strongly controlled by discharge from nuclear reprocessing plants after the late 1970s. The 137Cs concentrations were rapidly decreased after the early 1980s, and advected into the Arctic Ocean. <br>The averaged 137Cs concentrations in each box in the year of 1970 were 1-716 Bq/m3, and those were decreased to 0.2-28 Bq/m3 in the year of 2010. The apparent half-residence times of 137Cs in the surface waters of the global ocean from 1970 to 2010 ranged from 4.2 to 48.1 years for each box. </p><p>(Reference)<br>Inomata et al. (2009) Analysis of 50-y record of surface 137Cs concentrations in the global ocean using the HAM-global database. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, DOI: 10.1039/b811421h. </p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Neural Network Approach to Retrieving Ocean Subsurface Temperatures from Surface Parameters Observed by Satellites

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 388
Author(s):  
Hao Cheng ◽  
Liang Sun ◽  
Jiagen Li
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Satellite Measurements ◽  
Surface Parameters ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Pacific ◽  
Bpnn Model

The extraction of physical information about the subsurface ocean from surface information obtained from satellite measurements is both important and challenging. We introduce a back-propagation neural network (BPNN) method to determine the subsurface temperature of the North Pacific Ocean by selecting the optimum input combination of sea surface parameters obtained from satellite measurements. In addition to sea surface height (SSH), sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface salinity (SSS) and sea surface wind (SSW), we also included the sea surface velocity (SSV) as a new component in our study. This allowed us to partially resolve the non-linear subsurface dynamics associated with advection, which improved the estimated results, especially in regions with strong currents. The accuracy of the estimated results was verified with reprocessed observational datasets. Our results show that the BPNN model can accurately estimate the subsurface (upper 1000 m) temperature of the North Pacific Ocean. The corresponding mean square errors were 0.868 and 0.802 using four (SSH, SST, SSS and SSW) and five (SSH, SST, SSS, SSW and SSV) input parameters and the average coefficients of determination were 0.952 and 0.967, respectively. The input of the SSV in addition to the SSH, SST, SSS and SSW therefore has a positive impact on the BPNN model and helps to improve the accuracy of the estimation. This study provides important technical support for retrieving thermal information about the ocean interior from surface satellite remote sensing observations, which will help to expand the scope of satellite measurements of the ocean.

scholarly journals Nursery origin and population connectivity of swordfish Xiphias gladius in the North Pacific Ocean

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. David Wells ◽  
Veronica A. Quesnell ◽  
Robert L. Humphreys ◽  
Heidi Dewar ◽  
Jay R. Rooker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
Population Connectivity ◽  
The North ◽  
Xiphias Gladius ◽  
The North Pacific

scholarly journals Direct observations of basin-wide acidification of the North Pacific Ocean

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Byrne ◽  
Sabine Mecking ◽  
Richard A. Feely ◽  
Xuewu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
The North ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
The North Pacific
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