ISOLATION AND FRACTIONATION OF LEAF PHOSPHATIDES

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 895-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morris Kates ◽  
Frank M. Eberhardt
Keyword(s):  
Phosphatidyl Ethanolamine ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Phosphatidyl Serine ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Separation And Purification ◽  
Fraction I ◽  
First Time ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Preliminary Group

Methods are described for the extraction of total lipids (including pigments) from leaves, under conditions minimizing the action of phosphatidase C on the phosphatides, and for the fractionation of the phosphatide components. The lipids were extracted with hot i-propanol, partitioned into chloroform, and freed from water-soluble substances by washing with water. Chromatography of the lipids on silicic acid – Celite columns yielded a pigment plus non-phosphatide fraction and the following four phosphatide fractions: Fraction I, consisting of inositol–carbohydrate phosphatides; Fraction II, containing mostly phosphatidyl ethanolamine, and some phosphatidyl serine; Fraction III, an unknown phosphatide; and Fraction IV, consisting predominately of phosphatidyl choline. Although the analytical data and the products of hydrolysis of the fractions indicate that complete resolution of the phosphatides has not been achieved, the methods described should be useful as a preliminary group fractionation, prior to further separation and purification steps. The presence of inositol phosphatides in leaves is reported here for the first time.

INCORPORATION OF C14 OR P32 INTO THE PHOSPHATIDES OF RUNNER BEAN LEAVES

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 907-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank M. Eberhardt ◽  
Morris Kates
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Phosphatidyl Serine ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Ethanolamine Phosphatidyl ◽  
Runner Bean ◽  
Free Air ◽  
Minute Period ◽  
Fraction I

The phosphatide content of primary leaves of runner bean increased linearly with time, between the 8th and 20th day of development, at a rate proportional to the growth of the leaves.Detached leaves incorporated C14 into the total lipids (pigments, non-phosphatides, and phosphatides) when supplied with C14O2 in the light for 1 minute followed by a 30-minute period in the light or dark in tracer-free air and when supplied with pyruvate-2-C14 or acetate-1-C14 in the light. P32 was incorporated into the phosphatides after orthophosphate-P32 was supplied both in the light and dark. With each precursor, radioisotope was incorporated into the four phosphatide fractions obtained by chromatography of the total lipids: inositol–carbohydrate phosphatides (Fraction I), phosphatidyl ethanolamine – phosphatidyl serine (Fraction II), an unknown phosphatide (Fraction III), and lecithin (Fraction IV).Distribution of radioactivity among these phosphatide fractions and among the phosphatide moieties varied greatly with the precursor supplied. Thus, with C14O2 as precursor, Fraction I and III had the highest specific activities, and C14 entered both the water-soluble moieties and the fatty acids in all of the phosphatide fractions. With pyruvate-C14 or acetate-C14, lecithin was most highly labelled, and C14 was found almost exclusively in the fatty acids of the phosphatides. With orthophosphate-P32, Fraction III had the highest specific activity. The bearing of these findings on the metabolism of phosphatides in leaves is discussed.

HYDROLYSIS OF GLYCEROLPHOSPHATIDES BY PLASTID PHOSPHATIDASE C

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 967-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morris Kates
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Ether ◽  
Phosphatidyl Choline ◽  
Phosphatidyl Ethanolamine ◽  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
Phosphatidyl Serine ◽  
Ph Optimum ◽  
Soybean Phosphatide ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Rate Of Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Studies of the influence of structural variation in the glycerolphosphatide molecule on the hydrolysis of this class of compounds by plastid phosphatidase C showed that the presence of both fatty acid ester groups is necessary for enzymatic reaction; that release of nitrogenous bases occurred, in the presence of ethyl ether, from phosphatidyl cholines, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, and phosphatidyl serine; and that a phosphatidyl choline was hydrolyzed more rapidly than the corresponding phosphatidyl ethanolamine or phosphatidyl serine. The rate of hydrolysis of phosphatidyl choline was influenced greatly by the chain length and degree of unsaturation of the fatty acids. The corresponding phosphatidic acid formed in the hydrolysis of (dipalmitoyl)- or (dipalmitoleyl)-lecithin by carrot phosphatidase C was isolated. Studies on the hydrolysis of crude soybean phosphatide by phosphatidase C showed that both choline and ethanolamine were liberated in the absence of ethyl ether, at an optimum pH of 4.8; in the presence of ether, the rate of liberation of each base was increased, and the pH optimum was between 4.8 and 6. Soybean phosphatide probably contains a substance that stimulates the enzymatic hydrolysis.

HYDROLYSIS OF GLYCEROLPHOSPHATIDES BY PLASTID PHOSPHATIDASE C

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 967-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morris Kates
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Ether ◽  
Phosphatidyl Choline ◽  
Phosphatidyl Ethanolamine ◽  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
Phosphatidyl Serine ◽  
Ph Optimum ◽  
Soybean Phosphatide ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Rate Of Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Studies of the influence of structural variation in the glycerolphosphatide molecule on the hydrolysis of this class of compounds by plastid phosphatidase C showed that the presence of both fatty acid ester groups is necessary for enzymatic reaction; that release of nitrogenous bases occurred, in the presence of ethyl ether, from phosphatidyl cholines, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, and phosphatidyl serine; and that a phosphatidyl choline was hydrolyzed more rapidly than the corresponding phosphatidyl ethanolamine or phosphatidyl serine. The rate of hydrolysis of phosphatidyl choline was influenced greatly by the chain length and degree of unsaturation of the fatty acids. The corresponding phosphatidic acid formed in the hydrolysis of (dipalmitoyl)- or (dipalmitoleyl)-lecithin by carrot phosphatidase C was isolated. Studies on the hydrolysis of crude soybean phosphatide by phosphatidase C showed that both choline and ethanolamine were liberated in the absence of ethyl ether, at an optimum pH of 4.8; in the presence of ether, the rate of liberation of each base was increased, and the pH optimum was between 4.8 and 6. Soybean phosphatide probably contains a substance that stimulates the enzymatic hydrolysis.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Activity and Characterization of One New Polysaccharide Obtained fromPerigord Truffle(Tuber huidongense)

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Feng Chen ◽  
Wen-wen Jiang ◽  
Shi-qi Zhang ◽  
Jian-quan Kan ◽  
Yong Liang
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Separation And Purification ◽  
Edible Fungus ◽  
Main Components ◽  
First Time

As a medicinal and edible fungus parasitizing on the trees, Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense) is well known for its delicious taste, unique smell, and high medical value for healthcare. One new water-soluble nonstarch polysaccharide (PST-W with the yield of 0.41%) fromPerigord Truffle(Tuber huidongense) was purified and identified on structural characteristics for the first time. The characterizations of PST-W were studied on physicochemical properties, main components of monosaccharide(s), and molecular structure. The monosaccharide compositions of PST-W were studied and identified as glucan, only containing D-glucoses with the molecular structure of [→6)α-D-Glcp(1→6)  α-D-Glcp (1→]nby methylation analysis and NMR. In the determination of total reducing capacity, the reducing abilities of polysaccharide extracts could be listed as vitamin C > PST-W > crude polysaccharides-3 > crude polysaccharides-2 > crude polysaccharides-1. All of PST-W, crude polysaccharides-2, and crude polysaccharides-3 were relatively good scavenger for 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-Diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl radicals with IC50of 2.81, 4.17, and 3.44 mg/mL, respectively. However,O2-∙clearing abilities of PST-W and crude polysaccharides were obviously weaker. The activities of total crude extract were the worst, indicating that the impurities might negatively affect the antioxidant activity. Thus, the separation and purification of polysaccharides were significant to increase the antioxidant activity in some degree.

Water-soluble Poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid)-stabilized Nickel(0) and Cobalt(0) Nanoclusters as Highly Active Catalysts in Hydrogen Generation from the Hydrolysis of Ammonia-Borane

2009 ◽  
Vol 1217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Önder Metin ◽  
Saim Özkar
Keyword(s):  
Maleic Acid ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Ammonia Borane ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
High Catalytic Activity ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
First Time ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Soluble Poly

AbstractWater soluble poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid), PSSA-co-MA, stabilized nickel(0) and cobalt(0) nanoclusters were prepared for the first time from the reduction of nickel(II) chloride and cobalt(II) chloride by using minimum amount of sodium borohydride shortly before their usage as catalysts in the hydrolysis of ammonia-borane (AB) in the same medium at room temperature. PSSA-co-MA stabilized nickel(0) and cobalt(0) nanoclusters showed high catalytic activity in hydrogen generation from the hydrolysis of AB even at low temperature.

Biochemical Profiles of Various Fresh Extracts of Gnaphalium polycaulon Pers

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanmugapriya K. ◽  
T. Murugan ◽  
Thayumanavan Tha
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
South India ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Total Carbohydrates ◽  
Biochemical Profiles ◽  
First Time

Medicinal plants plays a significant role in the pharmaceutical industry. In present scenario, the need is to explore, identify and utilize this new medicinal plant on one hand and, on the other, to help conserve the existing but threatened species of rare medicinal plant.This present research work was carry out for the first time in South India to analyse and estimate the biochemical profiles of various extracts of fresh parts of Gnaphalium polycaulon pers., plant. The biochemical composition such as total carbohydrates, total proteins, total lipids, total phenols, cholesterol, total chlorophylls and reducing sugar, sterols were estimated using the standard procedure in fresh plant material.The biochemical analysis of Gnaphalium polycaulon plant showed the presence of various phytochemicals. The results of the present study supplement the usage of the studied plant which possesses several bioactive compounds and used as food and also as medicine.The results of present studies demonstrated that Gnaphalium polycaulon plant could be a sourceof valuable information and a guideline for the scientists, researchers in India and also all over the world

Natrophosphate from the Ilímaussaq alkaline complex, South Greenland

2001 ◽  
pp. 139-141
Author(s):  
Ole V. Petersen ◽  
Alexander P. Khomyakov ◽  
Henning Sørensen
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Kola Peninsula ◽  
Unit Cell Parameter ◽  
Cell Parameter ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Drill Core ◽  
Alkaline Complex ◽  
First Time ◽  
Alkaline Complexes

NOTE: This article was published in a former series of GEUS Bulletin. Please use the original series name when citing this article, for example: Petersen, O. V., Khomyakov, A. P., & Henning. (2001). Natrophosphate from the Ilímaussaq alkaline complex, South Greenland. Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin, 190, 139-141. https://doi.org/10.34194/ggub.v190.5184 _______________ The rare mineral natrophosphate has been identified for the first time in the Ilímaussaq alkaline complex in a drill core from the Kvanefjeld area. It occurs sparsely in zoned veinlets with cores of natrophosphate and borders of fibrous trona. The natrophosphate is more or less smoky, transparent and unaltered. The refractive index n = 1.448 ± 0.005 is low compared to that given for the material from the type locality, Khibina alkaline complex, Kola Peninsula; the unit cell parameter a = 27.76 ± 0.05 Å is in excellent agreement with that given for the material from the type locality. The veins occur in hyper-agpaitic naujakasite lujavrite; villiaumite is an associated mineral. Only a few water-soluble minerals have so far been found in the Ilímaussaq alkaline complex compared to the wealth of such minerals in the Khibina and Lovozero alkaline complexes. This is possibly at least partly due to lack of necessary precautions during sampling.

scholarly journals Optimizing Chitin Depolymerization by Lysozyme to Long-Chain Oligosaccharides

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
Arnaud Masselin ◽  
Antoine Rousseau ◽  
Stéphanie Pradeau ◽  
Laure Fort ◽  
Rodolphe Gueret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Symbiotic Associations ◽  
Egg White Lysozyme ◽  
Hen Egg White ◽  
Ecological Transition ◽  
Optimized Conditions ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Long Chain

Chitin oligosaccharides (COs) hold high promise as organic fertilizers in the ongoing agro-ecological transition. Short- and long-chain COs can contribute to the establishment of symbiotic associations between plants and microorganisms, facilitating the uptake of soil nutrients by host plants. Long-chain COs trigger plant innate immunity. A fine investigation of these different signaling pathways requires improving the access to high-purity COs. Here, we used the response surface methodology to optimize the production of COs by enzymatic hydrolysis of water-soluble chitin (WSC) with hen egg-white lysozyme. The influence of WSC concentration, its acetylation degree, and the reaction time course were modelled using a Box–Behnken design. Under optimized conditions, water-soluble COs up to the nonasaccharide were formed in 51% yield and purified to homogeneity. This straightforward approach opens new avenues to determine the complex roles of COs in plants.

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