CHROMOSOME SUBSTITUTION IN HEXAPLOID WHEAT

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Unrau ◽  
Clayton Person ◽  
John Kuspira
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Gene Dosage ◽  
Single Line ◽  
Chromosome Substitution ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Substitution Method ◽  
Reciprocal Translocations ◽  
Chromosome Substitutions

The procedures involved in the various phases of chromosome substitution in common wheat are briefly outlined and explained. Complications encountered with reciprocal translocations are clarified. The following subjects are discussed: development of chromosome-deficient series in other varieties, transfer of single chromosomes from donor varieties to chromosome-deficient lines to develop substitution lines, alien substitutions, and combination of two chromosome substitutions into a single line. There is a brief discussion of the value of the chromosome substitution method especially in the study of gene dosage and interaction as affecting certain characters.

The location and effects of genes modifying the response of wheat to the herbicide difenzoquat

1992 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
D. Leckie ◽  
J. W. Snape
Keyword(s):  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Modifier Genes ◽  
Monosomic Analysis ◽  
Chromosome Substitution ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Single Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Substitution Lines ◽  
Intermediate Response

SUMMARYSingle chromosome substitution lines of hexaploid wheat were developed using a variety resistant to difenzoquat, Chinese Spring, as donor and a susceptible variety, Sicco, as recipient, and were used to identify chromosomes carrying genes which modify the responses of these varieties. It was found that chromosomes 3B and 5D from Chinese Spring might act to reduce the amount of damage caused by the herbicide in the presence of the allele for susceptibility at the Dfql locus. The intermediate response to the herbicide, which is shown by some commerical varieties, was also investigated using a backcross reciprocal monosomic analysis. In these varieties, the allele at the Dfql locus determining the reaction to the herbicide was shown to be similar to that of the susceptible variety Sicco. It is, therefore, probable that the responses of intermediate varieties are due to the effects of modifier genes increasing resistance.

GENETIC ANALYSIS OF HEXAPLOID WHEAT, TRITICUM AESTIVUM, USING INTERVARIETAL CHROMOSOME SUBSTITUTION LINES. I. CULM LENGTH, EAR DENSITY, SPIKELET NUMBER AND FERTILITY

1974 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 449-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Halloran
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Chromosome Substitution ◽  
Spikelet Number ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Chromosome Substitution Lines ◽  
Culm Length ◽  
Number Of Genes ◽  
Photoperiodic Responses

Genetic analyses were conducted of culm length, ear density, spikelet number and fertility in wheat using the two cultivars Chinese Spring and Hope and the 21 chromosome substitution lines of Hope in Chinese Spring.Elimination of differential vernalization and photoperiodic responses of the substitution lines revealed comparatively simple genetic control of these characters. Minimal estimates of the number of genes determining character expression are three for culm length, four for ear density, six for spikelet number and five for fertility. Major and minor influences of these genes have been arbitrarily determined.

Evaluation of the effect of alien chromosomes on quantitative traits in common wheat

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Levy ◽  
D. Braun ◽  
M. Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Gene Dosage ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Suggested Approach ◽  
Aegilops Longissima ◽  
The Common ◽  
Alien Addition Lines

Several quantitative traits were studied in Aegilops longissima addition lines and in tetrasomic lines of the common wheat cultivar Chinese Spring. The effects of gene dosage on these traits, which were highly significant and specific for each of the seven homoeologous groups, were more numerous and caused greater differences than the alien genetic effects. It is therefore suggested that in using alien addition lines for evaluating the effect of alien chromosomes on quantitative traits, the homoeologous tetrasomic lines should be used as a control. In comparison to the suggested approach, the use of substitution lines, which are much more difficult to obtain than addition lines, proved, in some cases, less accurate because of the inability of the alien chromosome to fully compensate for the missing homoeologous chromosome.Key words: addition lines, substitution lines, tetrasomes, Triticum aestivum, Aegilops longissima.

scholarly journals Effects of Interspecific Chromosome Substitution in Upland Cotton on Cottonseed Macronutrients

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1158
Author(s):  
Nacer Bellaloui ◽  
Sukumar Saha ◽  
Jennifer L. Tonos ◽  
Jodi A. Scheffler ◽  
Johnie N. Jenkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Upland Cotton ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Chromosome Substitution ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Chromosome Substitution Lines ◽  
Macronutrient Content ◽  
Chromosome Arm

Nutrients, including macronutrients such as Ca, P, K, and Mg, are essential for crop production and seed quality, and for human and animal nutrition and health. Macronutrient deficiencies in soil lead to poor crop nutritional qualities and a low level of macronutrients in cottonseed meal-based products, leading to malnutrition. Therefore, the discovery of novel germplasm with a high level of macronutrients or significant variability in the macronutrient content of crop seeds is critical. To our knowledge, there is no information available on the effects of chromosome or chromosome arm substitution on cottonseed macronutrient content. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of chromosome or chromosome arm substitution on the variability and content of the cottonseed macronutrients Ca, K, Mg, N, P, and S in chromosome substitution lines (CS). Nine chromosome substitution lines were grown in two-field experiments at two locations in 2013 in South Carolina, USA, and in 2014 in Mississippi, USA. The controls used were TM-1, the recurrent parent of the CS line, and the cultivar AM UA48. The results showed major variability in macronutrients among CS lines and between CS lines and controls. For example, in South Carolina, the mean values showed that five CS lines (CS-T02, CS-T04, CS-T08sh, CS-B02, and CS-B04) had higher Ca level in seed than controls. Ca levels in these CS lines varied from 1.88 to 2.63 g kg−1 compared with 1.81 and 1.72 g kg−1 for TM-1 and AMUA48, respectively, with CS-T04 having the highest Ca concentration. CS-M08sh exhibited the highest K concentration (14.50 g kg−1), an increase of 29% and 49% over TM-1 and AM UA48, respectively. Other CS lines had higher Mg, P, and S than the controls. A similar trend was found at the MS location. This research demonstrated that chromosome substitution resulted in higher seed macronutrients in some CS lines, and these CS lines with a higher content of macronutrients can be used as a genetic tool towards the identification of desired seed nutrition traits. Also, the CS lines with higher desired macronutrients can be used as parents to breed for improved nutritional quality in Upland cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., through improvement by the interspecific introgression of desired seed nutrient traits such as Ca, K, P, S, and N. The positive and significant (p ≤ 0.0001) correlation of P with Ca, P with Mg, S with P, and S with N will aid in understanding the relationships between nutrients to improve the fertilizer management program and maintain higher cottonseed nutrient content.

scholarly journals Genetically Divergent Types of the Wheat Leaf Fungus Puccinia triticina in Ethiopia, a Center of Tetraploid Wheat Diversity

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 380-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Kolmer ◽  
M. A. Acevedo
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Virulence Phenotype ◽  
Wheat Leaf

Collections of Puccinia triticina, the wheat leaf rust fungus, were obtained from tetraploid and hexaploid wheat in the central highlands of Ethiopia, and a smaller number from Kenya, from 2011 to 2013, in order to determine the genetic diversity of this wheat pathogen in a center of host diversity. Single-uredinial isolates were derived and tested for virulence phenotype to 20 lines of Thatcher wheat that differ for single leaf rust resistance genes and for molecular genotypes with 10 simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers. Nine virulence phenotypes were described among the 193 isolates tested for virulence. Phenotype BBBQJ, found only in Ethiopia, was predominantly collected from tetraploid wheat. Phenotype EEEEE, also found only in Ethiopia, was exclusively collected from tetraploid wheat and was avirulent to the susceptible hexaploid wheat ‘Thatcher’. Phenotypes MBDSS and MCDSS, found in both Ethiopia and Kenya, were predominantly collected from common wheat. Phenotypes CCMSS, CCPSS, and CBMSS were found in Ethiopia from common wheat at low frequency. Phenotypes TCBSS and TCBSQ were found on durum wheat and common wheat in Kenya. Four groups of distinct SSR genotypes were described among the 48 isolates genotyped. Isolates with phenotypes BBBQJ and EEEEE were in two distinct SSR groups, and isolates with phenotypes MBDSS and MCDSS were in a third group. Isolates with CCMSS, CCPSS, CBMSS, TCBSS, and TCBSQ phenotypes were in a fourth SSR genotype group. The diverse host environment of Ethiopia has selected and maintained a genetically divergent population of P. triticina.

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