MORPHOLOGICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL MODIFICATIONS OF PINE SEEDLINGS INDUCED BY PETROLEUM NAPHTHA

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-627
Author(s):  
J. D. LaCroix ◽  
A. T. Guard
Keyword(s):  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Pinus Caribaea ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Structural Responses ◽  
Solvent Naphtha

Pinus caribaea, P. sylvestris, and P. resinosa seedlings at various stages of growth were subjected to pre-emergence and postemergence treatments with Standard Weed Killer, a Stoddard solvent naphtha, at the rate of 50 to 1000 gal. per ac. Structural responses were a darkening and wilting of the cotyledons and hypocotyl in young seedlings and a yellowing and burning of the older foliage. Outstanding histological modifications were plasmolysis and cytolysis of the cortex, pith, and mesophyll and stomatal closure. Anatomical variation in pine seedlings is suggested as an explanation for species and organ differences in response to the petroleum spray. Less mature seedlings were more susceptible to the Stoddard solvent than older seedlings. Penetration, once the initial stages had been passed, was rapid, though limited in mature tissues by the thick-walled endodermis. The oil passed through the stomata and moved into the intercellular spaces. Once in the cell, the oil combined with the cell contents causing plasmolysis followed by cytolysis.

Effects of direct contact of Pinus resinosa seeds and young seedlings with 2,4-D or picloram on seedling development

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 1737-1741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching Chen Wu ◽  
T. T. Kozlowski ◽  
R. F. Evert ◽  
S. Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Direct Contact ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Abnormal Development ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Parenchyma Cells

Effects of 2,4-D and picloram at 50 and 100 ppm on early development of Pinus resinosa seedlings were studied. Both herbicides caused abnormal development of pine seedlings. After seeds germinated, the first conspicuous effect of 2,4-D treatment was cessation of root elongation. Proliferation and expansion of parenchyma cells in the stem and cotyledons were also stimulated by 2,4-D, causing abnormal thickening of seedlings. Disorganization and collapse of parenchyma cells in the upper stem were followed by callus formation. Cotyledons of 2,4-D-treated plants developed abnormally. Formation of vascular strands was retarded. Division and expansion of mesophyll cells were stimulated by 2,4-D causing decrease in intercellular spaces. Numbers of stomata and chloroplasts were lower in cotyledons of treated plants than in controls. Cotyledons of treated plants were fused to primary needles. Expansion of early formed primary needles and initiation and expansion of additional primary needles were inhibited by 2,4-D. Effects of picloram on pine seedlings were somewhat similar to effects of 2,4-D but picloram appeared to be more toxic at comparable dosages.

Loblolly pine seedling root anatomy and iron accumulation as affected by soil waterlogging

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 1257-1264 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. McKevlin ◽  
D. D. Hook ◽  
W. H. Mckee Jr. ◽  
S. U. Wallace ◽  
J. R. Woodruff
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Cortical Cell ◽  
Root Anatomy ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Seedling Root ◽  
Aeration System ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Epidermal Surface ◽  
Bordered Pits

Loblolly pine seedlings were grown under flooded and drained conditions in a greenhouse pot study. Flooded roots developed aerenchyma tissue within the stele between the xylem poles, extending from the phloem outward to the pericycle. Large intercellular spaces were present in the pericyclic parenchyma within the phellogen of flooded woody roots. Flooded stems exhibited lenticel hypertrophy. Large intercellular spaces in the cortex were continuous with intercellular spaces in the pericyclic parenchyma of the root. Flooding of roots generally resulted in accumulation of Fe on the epidermal surface and in as well as between cortical cell walls inward to the endodermis. Fe accumulated in and between the precursor phloem cells and became more evident in the region of maturation. In roots with secondary thickening, little Fe was visible in the phloem but was present in helical secondary walls of tracheids. Fe also accumulated on and in bordered pits of root tracheids. Results suggest that flooded loblolly pine seedlings possess a limited internal aeration system and that diffusion of oxygen into the root system may be responsible for the presence of oxidized Fe within the stele.

Environmental and physiological control of needle conductance for bare-root black spruce, white spruce, and jack pine seedlings on boreal cutover sites

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 943-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven C. Grossnickle ◽  
Terence J. Blake
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Bare Root

A study was conducted to examine the influence of environmental conditions of boreal cutover sites on plant water status and needle conductance of newly planted bare-root black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.), white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss.), and jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) seedlings. As absolute humidity deficit between the needles and air (AHD) increased, xylem pressure potentials (ψx) became most negative in black spruce, intermediate in white spruce, and least negative in jack pine seedlings. Needle conductance (gwv) was strongly related to AHD in all three species, with increasing AHD resulting in a decrease in gwv. However, at low levels of AHD, gwv values for black and white spruce seedlings were approximately 50 and 25% higher, respectively, than those for jack pine seedlings. For black and white spruce seedlings, gwv decreased as ψx became more negative, while jack pine gwv responded to more negative ψx with a threshold for stomatal closure at approximately −1.7 MPa. In all three species, increasing photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) resulted in greater gwv at all AHD levels. However, at high AHD levels, gwv, response to PAR was suppressed. The findings of this study indicate species differences in physiological response to atmospheric conditions under nonlimiting soil moisture conditions. The implications for successful reforestation are discussed.

Acclimation of cold-stored jack pine and white spruce seedlings: effect of soil temperature on water relation patterns

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 544-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven C. Grossnickle ◽  
Terence J. Blake
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Flow Resistance ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Stomatal Opening ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Soil Temperatures

Cold-stored jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) and white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) seedlings were planted in a controlled environmental chamber providing an air temperature of 22 °C and soil temperatures of 22, 16, or 10 °C. After 21 days, observation of root growth for white spruce seedlings was limited at all soil temperatures, whereas jack pine seedlings showed limited root growth at a soil temperature of 10 °C but not at 22 °C. During 21 days of observation after removal from cold storage, stomatal response patterns changed during the transition phase from darkness to first light. Jack pine seedlings showed increasing stomatal opening at first light with greater stomatal opening for seedlings in the 22 °C root-temperature treatment, while all white spruce seedlings exhibited a greater stomatal closure during darkness. In both species, seedlings at lower soil temperatures experienced greater initial water stress than seedlings at higher soil temperatures, the difference being associated with a greater water-flow resistance through the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum (SPAC). In both species, xylem pressure potentials increased with time at all temperatures; a change attributable to a decline in water-flow resistance through the SPAC. The decline in water-flow resistance was possibly due to either a change in the permeability of older suberized roots or, as in jack pine at the higher soil temperature, a significantly greater development of new unsuberized white roots.

Basal Lamina Formation in DMBA Induced Mammary Carcinoma

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 534-535
Author(s):  
I. Russo ◽  
J. Saby ◽  
J. Russo
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Carcinoma ◽  
Virgin Female ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Sesame Oil ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Intermediate Type ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Intercellular Spaces

It has been previously demonstrated that DMBA-induced rat mammary carcinoma originates in the terminal end bud (TEB) of the mammary gland by proliferation of intermediate type cells (1). The earliest lesion identified is the intraductal proliferation (IDP), which gives rise to intraductal carcinomas. These evolve to cribriform, papillary and comedo types (2). In the present work, we report the ultrastructural changes that take place in the IDP for the formation of a cribriform pattern.Fifty-five-day-old Sprague Dawley virgin female rats were inoculated intra- gastrically with 20 mg 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) in 1 ml sesame oil. Non-inoculated, age-matched females were used as controls. Mammary glands from both control and experimental rats were removed weekly from the time of inoculation until 86 days post-inoculation. The glands were fixed and processed for electron microscopy (2).The first change observed in IDP's was the widening of intercellular spaces and the secretion of an electron dense material into these spaces (Fig. 1).

Effect of ADH on Rat Renal Papilla, an Ultrastructural and Cytochemical Study

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 410-411
Author(s):  
C. N. Sun ◽  
H. J. White ◽  
E. J. Towbin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Diabetes Insipidus ◽  
Renal Papilla ◽  
Milk Diet ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Cytochemical Study ◽  
Collecting Tubule ◽  
Concentrate Urine ◽  
Staining Techniques ◽  
Collecting Tubules

Diabetes insipidus and compulsive water drinking are representative of two categories of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) lack. We studied a strain of rats with congenital diabetes insipidus homozygote (DI) and normal rats on an isocaloric fortified dilute milk diet. In both cases, the collecting tubules could not concentrate urine. Special staining techniques, Alcian Blue-PAS for light microscopy and lanthanum nitrate for electron microscopy were used to demonstrate the changes in interstitial mucopolysaccharides (MPS). The lanthanum staining was done according to the method of Khan and Overton.Electron microscopy shows cytoplasmic lesions, vacules, swelling and degenerating mitochondria and intercellular spaces (IS) in the collecting tubule cells in DI and rats on milk diet.

Nucleation and Early Growth of Sputtered thin Films

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 516-517
Author(s):  
Dudley M. Sherman ◽  
Thos. E. Hutchinson
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Source ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Lens Assembly ◽  
Microscope Technique ◽  
Ion Beam Sputter Deposition

The in situ electron microscope technique has been shown to be a powerful method for investigating the nucleation and growth of thin films formed by vacuum vapor deposition. The nucleation and early stages of growth of metal deposits formed by ion beam sputter-deposition are now being studied by the in situ technique.A duoplasmatron ion source and lens assembly has been attached to one side of the universal chamber of an RCA EMU-4 microscope and a sputtering target inserted into the chamber from the opposite side. The material to be deposited, in disc form, is bonded to the end of an electrically isolated copper rod that has provisions for target water cooling. The ion beam is normal to the microscope electron beam and the target is placed adjacent to the electron beam above the specimen hot stage, as shown in Figure 1.

Spherulitic crystal growth in the prodissoconch larval of Crassostrea virginica

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 518-519
Author(s):  
George G. Cocks ◽  
Louis Leibovitz ◽  
DoSuk D. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Crassostrea Virginica ◽  
Crystal Orientation ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Gastrula Stage ◽  
Orthorhombic Crystal ◽  
Orthorhombic Crystal Structure ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Initial Deposition

Our understanding of the structure and the formation of inorganic minerals in the bivalve shells has been considerably advanced by the use of electron microscope. However, very little is known about the ultrastructure of valves in the larval stage of the oysters. The present study examines the developmental changes which occur between the time of conception to the early stages of Dissoconch in the Crassostrea virginica(Gmelin), focusing on the initial deposition of inorganic crystals by the oysters.The spawning was induced by elevating the temperature of the seawater where the adult oysters were conditioned. The eggs and sperm were collected separately, then immediately mixed for the fertilizations to occur. Fertilized animals were kept in the incubator where various stages of development were stopped and observed. The detailed analysis of the early stages of growth showed that CaCO3 crystals(aragonite), with orthorhombic crystal structure, are deposited as early as gastrula stage(Figuresla-b). The next stage in development, the prodissoconch, revealed that the crystal orientation is in the form of spherulites.

Comparison of Choriocarcinoma and Normal Placenta

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 324-325
Author(s):  
John C. Garancis ◽  
Roland A. Pattillo ◽  
Robert O. Hussa ◽  
Jon V. Straumfjord
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Glycogen Depletion ◽  
Cell Surfaces ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Concomitant Increase ◽  
Gestational Choriocarcinoma ◽  
Cytoplasmic Glycogen ◽  
Normal Placenta

Two different cell lines (Be-Wo and Jar) of human gestational choriocarcinoma have been maintained in continuous tissue culture for a period of four and two years respectively without losing the ability to elaborate human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). Tissue cultures, as revealed by electron microscopy, consisted of small cells with single nuclei. In some instances cell surfaces were provided with microvilli but more often the intercellular spaces were narrow and bridged by desmosomes. However, syncytium was not formed. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was poorly developed in both cell lines, except in some Be-Wo cells it was prominent. Golgi complex, lysosomes and numerous free ribosomes, as well as excessive cytoplasmic glycogen, were present in all cells (Fig. 1). Glycogen depletion and concomitant increase of ER were observed in many cells following a single dose of 10 ugm/ml of adrenalin added to medium (Fig. 2).

Carotid endarterectomy in patients with foetal-type posterior circle of Willis: Is there an indication for local anaesthesia?

VASA ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 404-407
Author(s):  
Maras ◽  
Tzormpatzoglou ◽  
Papas ◽  
Papanas ◽  
Kotsikoris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Endarterectomy ◽  
Local Anaesthesia ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Circle Of Willis ◽  
Variable Degree ◽  
Operative Complications ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ica Stenosis ◽  
Symptomatic Stenosis

Foetal-type posterior circle of Willis is a common anatomical variation with a variable degree of vessel asymmetry. In patients with this abnormality, carotid endarterectomy (CEA) may create cerebral hypo-perfusion intraoperatively, and this may be underestimated under general anaesthesia. There is currently no evidence that anatomical variations in the circle of Willis represent an independent risk factor for stroke. Moreover, there is a paucity of data on treating patients with such anatomical variations and co-existing ICA stenosis. We present a case of CEA under local anaesthesia (LA) in a 52-year-old female patient with symptomatic stenosis of the right ICA and coexistent foetal-type posterior circle of Willis. There were no post-operative complications and she was discharged free from symptoms. She was seen again 3 months later and was free from complications. This case higlights that LA should be strongly considered to enable better intra-operative neurological monitoring in the event of foetal-type posterior circle of Willis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document