MARSH AND BOG VEGETATION IN NORTHWESTERN ALBERTA

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 448-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Moss
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Aquatic Vegetation ◽  
Larix Laricina ◽  
Wet Meadow ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Regeneration Cycle ◽  
Sphagnum Bog

Swamp, marsh, wet meadow, saline meadow, Drepanocladus bog, and Sphagnum bog are characterized and related aquatic vegetation is described briefly. There is succession from different kinds of swamp and marsh, through wet meadow, to Agropyron–Carex grassland and to various wooded communities, and also of marsh, through Drepanocladus–Carex bog to a Larix laricina association. The main bog sere of the region is initiated by some kind of aquatic or marsh phase and passes through Sphagnum bog stages to bog forest (Picea mariana) climax. Ecological aspects of Sphagnum species are considered in relation to succession and a regeneration cycle. Retrogression caused by burning is described for marshes, bogs, and bog forests. Many bogs in the northern part of the region have large mounds and ridges that retain frozen peat below the surface mantle during the summer. The significance of these permafrost areas is discussed. Brief consideration is given to phytogeographical features of the region.

THE BEETLE FAUNA OF A MATURE SPRUCE–SPHAGNUM BOG, ALGONQUIN PARK, ONTARIO; ECOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE SPECIES COMPOSITION

1994 ◽  
Vol 126 (S169) ◽  
pp. 161-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.W.P. Runtz ◽  
Stewart B. Peck
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Larix Laricina ◽  
Numerical Abundance ◽  
Ecological Implications ◽  
Emergence Traps ◽  
Sphagnum Bog ◽  
Provincial Park ◽  
Pan Traps

AbstractThe beetle (Coleoptera) fauna of a black spruce [Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP] – tamarack [Larix laricina (DuRoi) K. Koch] – Sphagnum bog in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario, was sampled from early June to mid-August with yellow pan traps and emergence traps. The yield was 5734 beetles, in 30 families. Ptiliidae was the most numerically abundant and Staphylinidae was the most taxonomically diverse. Carabidae was second in diversity and third in numerical abundance. The abundance and ecological implications of some individual species are discussed. Few of the species are bog-specific. The faunal composition suggests that the bog is in a late-succession phase and that most of the beetle species are derived from adjacent habitats.

scholarly journals Comparative Height Growth of Eastern Larch and Black Spruce in Northwestern Ontario

1978 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 296-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Mead
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Larix Laricina ◽  
Stem Analysis ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Spruce Stands

Height growth of eastern larch (Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch) and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) was determined using standard stem analysis methods on trees from two sites in northwestern Ontario. The data were obtained from mixed larch-spruce stands which were relatively undisturbed. The larch exhibited substantially better height growth than the spruce through age 65.

Régression holocène du couvert coniférien à la limite des forêts (Québec nordique)

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 1213-1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Réjean Gagnon ◽  
Serge Payette
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Larix Laricina ◽  
Charcoal Analysis ◽  
Mosaic Landscape ◽  
The Past ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Forest Limit

The occurrence of tamarack (Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch) and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) macrofossils or subfossils on the tundroid patches at the forest limit indicates that those patches were colonized by trees in the past. The aim of this study is to reconstruct the fluctuations of the coniferous formations by macrofossil analysis. More than 465 macrofossils and 30 charcoals were collected, 31 and 23 of which, respectively, were 14C dated. The results of charcoal analysis indicated that fires were more frequent in the southern part of the forest limits than in the northern part. During the last millenium three periods of fire (modern, 400, and 900 years) were noted in the southern part, two periods (modern and 600 years) at the forest limit, and none north of the forest limit. The majority of collected macrofossils are from the modern period; their death is related to the action of fire. The mosaic landscape of the forest tundra is related to a deterioration of the climatic conditions coupled with the history of fires.

Survey and ecological aspects of presumed ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with black spruce in northern Minnesota

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 825-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Doudrick ◽  
Elwin L. Stewart ◽  
Alvin A. Alm
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Laccaria Bicolor ◽  
Site Preference ◽  
Geologic History ◽  
Aseptic Culture ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Spruce Stands

Twenty-two stands of black spruce, Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P., in northern Minnesota were surveyed for ectomycorrhizal fungi. Site selection criteria in black spruce stands included geologic history, soil type, stand origin, age, and productivity. Site preference relationships were noted for several of the 46 species of fungi collected during the 2-year study. Twenty-five isolates were tested in aseptic culture for their ability to form ectomycorrhizae with black spruce seedlings. Ectomycorrhizae were produced by Cenococcum sp., Laccaria bicolor (Maire) Orton, Laccaria laccata var. moelleri Singer, Rhizopogon sp., and Suillus cavipes (Opat.) Smith & Thiers.

Habitat-dependent morphological and chemical variation in Picea mariana from northwestern Ontario

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 1573-1579 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Parker ◽  
P. Knowles ◽  
F. Bennett ◽  
A. Gray ◽  
T. Krickl
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Alluvial Soil ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Local Site ◽  
Thunder Bay ◽  
Heavy Soil ◽  
Sphagnum Bog

To determine whether local site differences corresponded to any morphological or chemical differentiation in Picea mariana, 10 cone-bearing trees were sampled from each of three semiadjacent stands near the Matawin River, Thunder Bay District, Ont.: (i) an upland forest on well-drained alluvial soil, (ii) an abandoned pasture on heavy soil, and (iii) a wet sphagnum bog. Nine cone characters and eight needle and twig characters were scored and analyzed. Differences among sites were generally small. Principal-components analysis demonstrated two major, independent trends of variation, one attributable mainly to cone characters and the other to needle characters. Bog trees tended to be more variable than the others with respect to cone characters but had similar levels of variation for needle and twig characters. Further comparisons were made based on foliar flavonoids of the 30 trees and isozyme characteristics of an expanded sampling of 60 trees. Flavonoid analysis indicated that a fraction of the bog trees possessed flavonoid diglycosides not present in the other trees. Five polymorphic enzyme systems were detected in electrophoretic analysis. Trees from the three sites had similar isozyme patterns with the exception of three bands that were unique to the bog site trees. Thus, the bog trees were more variable for cone, flavonoid, and isozyme characters but exhibited no greater variability for needle and twig characters. However, none of the data gave an indication of discrete ecotypes of black spruce corresponding to upland and lowland sites.

scholarly journals Végétation tardiglaciaire et postglaciaire au sud-est du parc des Laurentides, Québec

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Labelle ◽  
Pierre J.H. Richard
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Larix Laricina ◽  
Betula Papyrifera ◽  
Betula Glandulosa

L’analyse pollinique des sédiments de trois lacs situés au sud-est du parc des Laurentides a permis de retracer les étapes de la recolonisation végétale post-wisconsinienne. Celle-ci s’est effectuée selon un schéma assez constant à travers le secteur à l’étude. Au début, la végétation était très ouverte, mais tout de même relativement riche en taxons herbacés et arbustifs. Cette phase initiale de végétation (sous-zone la) fut suivie, après une période de transition (sous-zone 1b), par une végétation luxuriante de type toundra (sous-zone 1c). Celle-ci fut à son tour remplacée par une végétation de type toundra arbustive (sous-zone 1d) où l’on voit s’accroître l’importance de Betula glandulosa et d’autres éléments arbustifs. Avec un certain métachronisme entre les sites, l’afforestation s’est amorcée par l’installation du Populus cf. tremuloïdes (sous-zone 2a) et s’est poursuivie par l’arrivée de Picea mariana (fin de la sous-zone 2a) puis, par celle d’une série d’arbres tels Betula papyrifera, Pinus cf. divaricata, Abies balsamea, Picea glauca et Larix laricina (sous-zone 2b). Pendant cette dernière phase de l’afforestation, l’abondance du pollen d’Alnus cf. crispa dans les spectres est maximale. Il semble qu’au moins mille ans se soient écoulés avant l’arrivée des arbres autres que le Populus cf. tremuloïdes. Par la suite, l’histoire de la végétation forestière (zone 3) a été plutôt monotone. Bien que les diagrammes révèlent des périodes de plus grande abondance de certains taxons (Pinus strobus, Picea mariana, Pinus et. divaricata), la majorité des arbres, présents actuellement dans la région, ont migré très tôt à l’Holocène.

scholarly journals Responses of black spruce (Picea mariana) and tamarack (Larix laricina) to flooding and ethylene

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 545-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Islam ◽  
S. E. MacDonald ◽  
J. J. Zwiazek
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Larix Laricina

scholarly journals Âge de la déglaciation finale et histoire postglaciaire de la végétation dans la partie centrale du Nouveau-Québec

2007 ◽  
Vol 36 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 63-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre J. H. Richard ◽  
Alayn Larouche ◽  
Michel A. Bouchard
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Larix Laricina ◽  
Alnus Crispa

RÉSUMÉ L'analyse poliinique, l'analyse macrofossile, ainsi que la datation au radiocarbone de quatre carottes de sédiments lacustres postglaciaires, ont permis d'établir l'âge minimal de la déglaciation et l'histoire postglaciaire de la végétation dans la partie centrale du Nouveau-Québec, où ont persisté quelques-uns des derniers lambeaux de la calotte glaciaire wisconsinienne au Québec. La déglaciation s'est échelonnée entre 6200 ans BP, qui représente l'amorce de la stagnation finale au sud-ouest de la ligne de partage glaciaire terminale, et 5600 ans BP, qui représente l'âge minimal de la fusion finale de la glace, en terre haute, au nord-est de la ligne de partage. Le délai entre la disparition de la glace et l'accumulation des premiers sédiments organiques datables dans les petits lacs a été très court. La colonisation végétale fut immédiate, relativement massive, tant par les arbres et les arbustes que par les plantes herbacées. L'aulne crispé (Alnus crispa) et le mélèze (Larix laricina) dominèrent au début, mais toutes les autres espèces d'arbres étaient déjà présentes. Une taïga à épi-nette noire (Picea mariana) beaucoup plus dense qu'aujourd'hui a occupé le paysage entre 5500 et 4400 ans BP environ. Le principal trait de l'histoire postglaciaire de la végétation est l'ouverture généralisée de la couverture arbo-réenne et arbustive, qui s'amorce vers 4700 à 4300 ans BP reflétant sans doute l'avènement d'un climat plus froid. La seule indication d'une éventuelle fluctuation climatique est représentée par deux périodes de plus grande abondance du bouleau blanc, entre 5750 et 4750 ans et entre 3600 et 2500 ans enregistrées en un site de la région.

Larix laricina and Picea mariana: relationships among leaf life-span, foliar nutrient patterns, nutrient conservation, and growth efficiency

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 1570-1577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy E. Tyrrell ◽  
Ralph E. J. Boerner
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Leaf Life Span ◽  
Larix Laricina ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Age Class ◽  
Foliar Nutrient

This study compared how two tree species with different leaf life-spans differ in their adaptations to low nutrient availability in a Wisconsin bog. Seasonal patterns of foliar nutrient concentration, nutrient resorption, leaching loss to simulated rainfall, and growth efficiency were determined for Larix laricina and Picea mariana during 1983 and 1984. Concentrations of foliar nitrogen and phosphorus in Larix leaves increased slightly during summer; this was followed by strong autumnal resorption. Calcium concentration of Larix leaves increased throughout the entire life-span of the leaves. Concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus were highest in new (age-class 0) Picea leaves and declined with each successive leaf age-class, whereas calcium leaves increased in older leaf age-classes. Winter–spring resorption of nitrogen and phosphorus occurred from all age-classes of Picea leaves; this was followed by a summer increase in foliar nutrient concentrations. Resorption of nitrogen was greater in Larix than in Picea. There were no significant differences in phosphorus resorption or nutrient growth efficiencies between species. Foliar nutrient losses to leaching by artificial rainwater were less than 1% of the total foliar nutrient content. As there was no significant difference in the relative growth rates or growth efficiencies between the two species, the persistence of deciduous Larix in nutrient-poor bogs among species with longer leaf life-spans might be linked to its greater nitrogen conservation.

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