Physiological and morphological responses of invasiveAmbrosia artemisiifolia(common ragweed) to different irradiances

Botany ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (12) ◽  
pp. 1284-1294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong Qin ◽  
Dan Juan Mao ◽  
Guo Ming Quan ◽  
Jia-en Zhang ◽  
Jun Fang Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Southern China ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Plant Structure ◽  
Morphological Adaptations ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Disturbed Habitats

Invasion by the exotic herb Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. has become a serious agricultural and environmental problem and of increasing research interest as the species continues its southward spread into subtropical regions of China. To better understand the possible physiological and morphological adaptations of A. artemisiifolia in this region, we conducted a greenhouse experiment using seedlings of A. artemisiifolia and a comparative native species, Urena lobata L. (Caesar’s weed), which is an erect annual shrub in the Malvaceae that commonly co-occurs with A. artemisiifolia in open, disturbed habitats in southern China. Seedlings of both plants were grown under four irradiance regimes (10%, 30%, 55%, and 100% irradiance) from 14 May to 13 July 2010. Ambrosia artemisiifolia showed significantly higher total biomass, total leaf area, specific leaf area, relative growth rate, and net assimilation rate but lower leaf mass fraction than U. lobata at the 30%–100% irradiance levels. With decreasing irradiance, A. artemisiifolia significantly increased biomass allocation to stems and decreased allocation to roots. Meanwhile, A. artemisiifolia exhibited higher light-saturated photosynthetic rates and light saturation points with wide variances except at the 10% irradiance treatment. These findings suggest that A. artemisiifolia has generally higher irradiance plasticity for traits pertaining to biomass partitioning, growth, and plant structure than U. lobata. The ability of A. artemisiifolia to tolerate high shade conditions while maintaining high growth rates at elevated irradiance levels may afford it a competitive advantage and may help explain its recent colonization and spread in southern China.

scholarly journals Análisis de crecimiento de tres especies de Caesalpinia (Leguminosae) de la selva baja caducifolia de Chamela, Jalisco

2017 ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Rincón ◽  
Pilar Huante ◽  
Mariana Álvarez-Añorve
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Tropical Deciduous Forest ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Allocation Pattern ◽  
Location Patterns ◽  
Net Assimilation

The objective of this study is to assess the biomass allocation pattern s and growth characteristics of three species of Caesalpinia (Leguminosae) from the highly diverse and seasonal Chamela tropical deciduous forest , where the plant growth period is restricted to the rainy season. The studied species, although they are phylogenetically related, presented different biomass al location patterns and RGR during growth, in order to carry out a differential exploitation of resources and to promote their coexistence. There were differences in relative growth rate (RGR), root to shoot ratio (R/ S), net assimilation rate (E), biomass allocation patterns and total biomass and leaf area attained among the studied species. Caesalpinia eriostachys and C. platyloba showed similar growth patterns between them but contrasting with those of C. sclerocarpa. This suggests a temporal uncuopling of their maximum resource demand. RGR was determined to a greater extent by parameters related with E than by parameters related with the specific leaf area (SLA).

scholarly journals Functional traits of acquisitive invasive woody species differ from conservative invasive and native species

NeoBiota ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 91-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin K. Dyderski ◽  
Andrzej M. Jagodziński
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Species Traits ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Invasive Tree ◽  
Invasive Tree Species

One of the most important sources of invasiveness is species’ functional traits and their variability. However there are still few studies on invasive tree species traits conducted along resource gradients that allow for a comparison of acquisitive and conservative strategies. We aimed to assess the differences in trait variation among native alien conservative and alien acquisitive tree species along resource availability gradients (soil fertility and light availability) and to assess the traits variability of the species studied along resources availability gradients. Our study compared invasive tree species in Europe (Prunusserotina Ehrh. Quercusrubra L. and Robiniapseudoacacia L.) with their native competitors (Acerpseudoplatanus L. A.platanoides L. Quercuspetraea (Matt.) Liebl. and Fagussylvatica L.). The study was conducted on 1329 seedlings and saplings collected in a system of 372 study plots in W Poland. For each individual we assessed leaf stem and root mass ratios total biomass leaf area ratio specific leaf area and projected leaf area. Two invasive species (P.serotina and R.pseudoacacia) represented a more acquisitive strategy than native species – along litter pH and light availability gradients these species had higher leaf mass fraction specific leaf area and leaf area ratio. In contrast Q.rubra had the highest total biomass and root mass fraction. Alien species usually had higher coefficients of variation of studied traits. This suggests that relatively high projected leaf area as a way of filling space and outcompeting native species may be reached in two ways – biomass allocation to leaves and control of leaf morphology or by overall growth rate. High variability of invasive species traits also suggests randomness in seedling survival which similarly to the neutral theory of invasion highlights the necessity of including randomness in modelling biological invasions.

scholarly journals Ambrosia artemisiifolia control in agricultural areas: effect of grassland seeding and herbivory by the exotic leaf beetle Ophraella communa

NeoBiota ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 55-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Cardarelli ◽  
Arianna Musacchio ◽  
Chiara Montagnani ◽  
Giuseppe Bogliani ◽  
Sandra Citterio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Inflorescence Size ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Ophraella Communa ◽  
Male Flowers ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Disturbed Habitats

Ambrosiaartemisiifolia(common ragweed) is an invasive species native to North America and was accidentally introduced to Europe in the 19thcentury. Widespread in disturbed habitats, it is a major weed in spring-sown crops and it causes serious allergic rhinitis and asthma due to its allergenic pollen. The aim of this research was to analyse the effects of both competitive vegetation and herbivory byOphraellacommunato controlA.artemisiifoliain an agricultural area of north-western Italy. Hayseed mixtures, both over-seeded over the resident plant community or after ploughing, when seeded before the winter season, were able to suppress the establishment ofA.artemisiifoliaas well as to reduce its growth in terms of plant height and inflorescence size. Defoliation ofA.artemisiifoliabyO.communaat the end of the growing season was conspicuous but most of the plants still produced flowers and seeds. However, significantO.communaattack was recorded for reproductive structures. As for non-target species,O.communawas mainly recorded on Asteraceae, with low density and low degree of damage. Reduction of inflorescence size due to competitive vegetation and damage to male flowers byO.communamay diminish the amount of available pollen. The results of this study may be useful for the implementation of management measures to controlA.artemisiifoliain agricultural areas using mixtures of native species.

scholarly journals Growth of yacon under artificial shading

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-139
Author(s):  
Ariany das Graças Teixeira ◽  
Fábio Luiz de Oliveira ◽  
Tiago P Mendes ◽  
Paulo Cezar Cavatte ◽  
Magno do C Parajara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Tuberous Roots ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Artificial Shading

ABSTRACT Yacon is a tuberous root cultivated in mild climate regions with high altitudes, but the crop shows the capacity to develop at low altitudes. The objective of this study was to evaluate growth rates and the partition of photoassimilates in yacon plants under different levels of artificial shading. The experiment was conducted in four shading levels (0%, 30%, 50% and 70%), and seven monthly harvests in a completely randomized design. We evaluated the accumulation of total dry mass on the whole plant and its parts; leaf area; leaf area ratio; leaf mass fraction; stem mass fraction; rhizophores mass fraction; tuberous roots mass fraction; estimates of relative growth rate, absolute growth, and net assimilation. The lower accumulation of total dry biomass and the lowest growth rates indicate that conditions of noticeable light restriction (70% shading) restrict the growth of yacon. Yacon plants grown under moderate shading levels (30 to 50%) showed greater capacity of accumulation of total biomass, directing part of this biomass to the tuberous roots, which directly reflects gains in the agronomic productivity of this crop, indicating that yacon has the potential to be associated with other crops, which promote a moderate shading.

scholarly journals Ambrosia artemisiifolia control in agricultural areas: effect of grassland seeding and herbivory by the exotic leaf beetle Ophraella communa

NeoBiota ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Cardarelli ◽  
Arianna Musacchio ◽  
Chiara Montagnani ◽  
Giuseppe Bogliani ◽  
Sandra Citterio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Inflorescence Size ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Ophraella Communa ◽  
Male Flowers ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Disturbed Habitats

Ambrosiaartemisiifolia(common ragweed) is an invasive species native to North America and was accidentally introduced to Europe in the 19thcentury. Widespread in disturbed habitats, it is a major weed in spring-sown crops and it causes serious allergic rhinitis and asthma due to its allergenic pollen. The aim of this research was to analyse the effects of both competitive vegetation and herbivory byOphraellacommunato controlA.artemisiifoliain an agricultural area of north-western Italy. Hayseed mixtures, both over-seeded over the resident plant community or after ploughing, when seeded before the winter season, were able to suppress the establishment ofA.artemisiifoliaas well as to reduce its growth in terms of plant height and inflorescence size. Defoliation ofA.artemisiifoliabyO.communaat the end of the growing season was conspicuous but most of the plants still produced flowers and seeds. However, significantO.communaattack was recorded for reproductive structures. As for non-target species,O.communawas mainly recorded on Asteraceae, with low density and low degree of damage. Reduction of inflorescence size due to competitive vegetation and damage to male flowers byO.communamay diminish the amount of available pollen. The results of this study may be useful for the implementation of management measures to controlA.artemisiifoliain agricultural areas using mixtures of native species.

Studies on the productivity of tropical pasture plants. I. Growth analysis, photosynthesis, and respiration of Hamil grass and Siratro in a controlled environment

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Ludlow ◽  
GL Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Net Assimilation Rate ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Photosynthesis And Respiration

Hamil grass and Siratro were grown as single plants in pots in controlled environment cabinets at a temperature favouring high growth rates and with adequate water and mineral nutrients. Leaf areas and dry weights of plant parts were recorded in two experiments, to which some of the plants were common. In the first experiment, weekly samples until 4 weeks from sowing provided data for the calculation of relative growth rates, net assimilation rates, and leaf area ratios. The relative growth rate of Hamil grass was almost twice that of Siratro and appears to be the highest yet recorded for any plant. The higher growth rate for the grass resulted from a high net assimilation rate, although the leaf area ratio was lower. The second experiment used Watson and Hayashi's method, in which plants are kept in darkness for a varying number of days to separate net assimilation rate into photosynthetic and respiratory components. Data were collected at 2 and 4 weeks from sowing. The high net assimilation rate of the grass was shown to result from a higher photosynthetic rate, despite a much greater respiration rate than in the legume. The technique used for estimating photosynthesis and respiration is discussed in relation to some of the assumptions that it makes.

scholarly journals Paclobutrazol Improves Sesame Yield by Increasing Dry Matter Accumulation and Reducing Seed Shattering Under Rainfed Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zeeshan Mehmood ◽  
Ghulam Qadir ◽  
Obaid Afzal ◽  
Atta Mohi Ud Din ◽  
Muhammad Ali Raza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Seed Shattering ◽  
Rainfed Conditions ◽  
Leaf Greenness

AbstractSeveral biotic and abiotic stresses significantly decrease the biomass accumulation and seed yield of sesame crops under rainfed areas. However, plant growth regulators (such as Paclobutrazol) can improve the total dry matter and seed production of the sesame crop. The effects of the paclobutrazol application on dry matter accumulation and seed yield had not been studied before in sesame under rainfed conditions. Therefore, a two-year field study during 2018 and 2019 was conducted with key objectives to assess the impacts of paclobutrazol on leaf greenness, leaf area, total dry matter production and partitioning, seed shattering, and seed yield of sesame. Two sesame cultivars (TS-5 and TS-3) were treated with four paclobutrazol concentrations (P0 = Control, P1 = 100 mg L−1, P2 = 200 mg L−1, P3 = 300 mg L−1). The experiment was executed in RCBD-factorial design with three replications. Compared with P0, treatment P3 improved the leaf greenness of sesame by 17%, 38%, and 60% at 45, 85, and 125 days after sowing, respectively. However, P3 treatment decreased the leaf area of sesame by 14% and 20% at 45 and 85 days after sowing than P0, respectively. Compared with P0, treatment P3 increased the leaf area by 46% at 125 days after sowing. On average, treatment P3 also improved the total biomass production by 21% and partitioning in roots, stems, leaves, capsules, and seeds by 23%, 19%, 23%, 22%, and 40%, respectively, in the whole growing seasons as compared to P0. Moreover, under P3 treatment, sesame attained the highest seed yield and lowest seed shattering by 27% and 30%, respectively, compared to P0. This study indicated that by applying the paclobutrazol concentration at the rate of 300 mg L−1 in sesame, the leaf greenness, leaf areas, biomass accumulation, partitioning, seed yield, and shatter resistance could be improved. Thus, the optimum paclobutrazol level could enhance the dry matter accumulation and seed production capacity of sesame by decreasing shattering losses under rainfed conditions.

scholarly journals Interactive Effects of Nitrogen and Sulfur Nutrition on Growth, Development, and Physiology of Brassica carinata A. Braun and Brassica napus L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7355
Author(s):  
Shivendra Kumar ◽  
Ramdeo Seepaul ◽  
Ian M. Small ◽  
Sheeja George ◽  
George Kelly O’Brien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transport ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Brassica Carinata ◽  
Internode Length ◽  
Erucic Acid Content ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Node Number ◽  
S 100

Brassica carinata (carinata) has emerged as a potential biofuel source due to its high erucic acid content, making it desirable for various industrial applications. Nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) are required as primary sources of nutrition for growth and development in different oilseed crops and their utilization is interdependent. The purpose of the study was to analyze the interactive effect of N and S nutrition on the growth and other physiological activities of carinata and B. napus (napus). Four treatments, i.e., optimum NS (+N+S, 100% N and 100% S); N limited (−N+S, 0% N, 100% S); S limited (+N−S, 100% N, 0% S), and NS limited (−N−S, 0% N and 0% S) of N and S in full-strength Hoagland solution were imposed in the current study. Effect of different NS treatments was observed on vegetative traits such as number of primary and secondary branches, total leaf area, total biomass production and allocation, and physiological traits such as production of photosynthetic pigments, net photosynthesis, electron transport, and other aspects for both carinata and napus. The traits of stem elongation, number of nodes, node addition rate, internode length, number of primary and secondary branches were 60%, 36%, 50%, 35%, 56%, and 83% lower, respectively, in napus in comparison to carinata. Different NS treatments also positively influenced the production of photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll (Chl) a and b and carotenoids in carinata and napus. The concentration of Chla was 11% higher in napus in comparison to carinata. The rate of net photosynthesis, electron transport, and fluorescence was 12%, 8%, and 5% higher based on overall value, respectively, in napus compared to carinata. On the other hand, the overall value for stomatal conductance decreased by 5% in napus when compared to carinata. Different growth-related traits such as vegetative (plant height, node number, internode length, leaf area, number of primary and secondary branches), reproductive (pod number, pod length, seeds per pod), and photosynthetic capacity in oilseed brassicas are correlated with the final seed and oil yield and chemical composition which are of economic importance for the adoption of the crop. Thus, the analysis of these traits will help to determine the effect of NS interaction on crop productivity of carinata and napus.

Single leaf area estimation models based on leaf weight of eucalyptus in southern China

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Diao ◽  
Xiang-dong Lei ◽  
Ling-xia Hong ◽  
Jian-tao Rong ◽  
Qiang Shi
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Area Estimation ◽  
Single Leaf ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Estimation Models
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