Resistance-related metabolites in wheat against Fusarium graminearum and the virulence factor deoxynivalenol (DON)

Botany ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (10) ◽  
pp. 1168-1179 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Paranidharan ◽  
Y. Abu-Nada ◽  
H. Hamzehzarghani ◽  
A. C. Kushalappa ◽  
O. Mamer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defense ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Virulence Factor ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Antimicrobial Metabolites

Inoculation with the virulence factor deoxynivalenol (DON) can induce disease symptoms in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) spikelets, even though it is not needed for the initial invasion by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe, thus the mechanism of plant defense against both the pathogen and DON, was investigated. Wheat cultivars that are resistant (‘Sumai3’) or susceptible (‘Roblin’) to fusarium head blight (FHB) were inoculated with F. graminearum, DON, or water. Inoculated spikelets were harvested 48 h after inoculation, the metabolites were extracted in methanol–water and chloroform, then derivatized and analyzed by gas chromatography – mass spectrometry. The metabolite peaks were deconvoluted and identified by manually matching the mass spectra with those in the NIST and GMD libraries. The peaks were aligned, and abundances were measured. A total of 117 metabolites were tentatively identified, including several antimicrobial metabolites and signal molecules or their precursors. Out of these 117 metabolites, 15 and 18 were identified as possible resistance-related (RR) metabolites, following F. graminearum (RRIF) and DON (RRID) inoculations, respectively, with 4 metabolites common to both. Canonical discriminant analysis of marginally significant metabolites (105) identified those with constitutive and induced resistance functions. The metabolites with high canonical loading to the canonical vectors were used to explain these functions. The putative roles of these RR metabolites in plant defense, their metabolic pathways, and their potential application for screening of wheat breeding lines for resistance to FHB are discussed.

Multiplexed PCR to screen for a major QTL carrying fusarium head blight resistance in Sumai-3 wheat

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Matus-Cádiz ◽  
C. J. Pozniak ◽  
G. R. Hughes ◽  
P. Hucl
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight Resistance ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Multiplexed Pcr ◽  
Trait Locus ◽  
Advanced Generation ◽  
Sumai 3

After the initial identification of microsatellites linked to economically important traits of interest, the additional investment to simplify the screening procedure for more routine use is of interest to plant breeders. The objective was to simplify an acrylamide gel based marker-assisted selection (MAS) method to facilitate high-through put screening for Qfhs.ndsu-3BS, a major quantitative trait locus carrying fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance in Sumai-3 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Method simplifications included incorporating the use of (1) 96-well DNA extractions, (2) multiplexed PCR reactions using microsatellite primers gwm493 and gwm533, and (3) agarose gels. Our modified FHB-MAS method was verified by screening six resistant (Sumai-3, ND2710, McVey, BacUp, HY644, and Alsen) and 52 susceptible parents and subsequently used to screen 5567 common wheat breeding lines developed from Sumai-3 derivatives. This simple and rapid method allows for the screening of 1000 lines per week, which can be used to skew segregating populations towards more resistant types and thereby advance primarily early and advanced generation lines that carry at least the major FHB QTL. Key words: PCR, Fusarium, microsatellites, gwm493, gwm533, Triticum

scholarly journals Identification of prospective sources of agronomically-valuable traits of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) among breeding lines in the condition of Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 253-258
Author(s):  
S.O. Kovalchuk ◽  
S.I. Voloschuk ◽  
N.A. Kozub
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Seed Proteins ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Brown Rust ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Biochemical Compositions ◽  
Moderate Resistance

The aim of work was the estimation of valuable traits of bread wheat breeding lines, obtained from interspecies crosses with wild Aegilops and Triticum species growing in a condition of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. We used the seed proteins electrophoresis in PAAG for confirmation of the presence of rye seed storage components in the wheat parental lines genomes. The biochemical compositions of seeds had determined by the infrared spectroscopy method. As a result of researching from the set of 600 breeding lines were selected best lines with increased grain yield from 1 m2, with high protein content in grain, disease resistance, and winter hardiness significantly exceeded the standard variety Polesskaya-90. All lines have high and moderate resistance against diseases: Powdery Mildew, Brown Rust, Septoria Blotch. Based on obtained data had selected breeding lines, which were promising sources of single and complex agronomically valuable traits for bread wheat breeding and genetic researches.

scholarly journals First Report of the Nivalenol Chemotype of Fusarium graminearum Causing Head Blight of Wheat in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg

Plant Disease ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (11) ◽  
pp. 1217-1217 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pasquali ◽  
F. Giraud ◽  
C. Brochot ◽  
L. Hoffmann ◽  
T. Bohn
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Aerial Mycelium ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
First Report ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Control Water ◽  
Positive Controls

Head blight caused by Fusarium graminearum is one of the major diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Luxembourg (2) and there is concern for mycotoxins in diseased grain. Isolates of F. graminearum have been assigned to chemotypes based on the particular toxins produced. Ten wheat fields representing different topoclimatological areas of Luxembourg were surveyed in 2007 and 2008 to determine the frequency and distribution of chemotypes. Partially blighted wheat heads were collected, and diseased grains were plated on Fusarium-selective agar (dichloran-chloramphenicol-peptone) for 12 days at 22 ± 2°C with a 12-h light period. Monoconidial isolates of F. graminearum (79 in 2007 and 85 in 2008) were obtained by conidia dilution on 2% water agar and needle selection under a microscope. F. graminearum isolates showed rapid growth on potato dextrose agar, dense aerial mycelium with red pigment deposits in the plate, macroconidia with five to six defined septa, and a basal cell with the typical foot shape. Microconidia were absent. To confirm species identification, a PCR reaction was carried out using the F. graminearum species-specific primers Fg16F (5′-CTCCGGATATGTTGCGTCAA-3′) and Fg16R (5′-GGTAGGTATCCGACATGGCAA-3′) according to Demeke et al. (1). Chemotype of each isolate was determined according to Ward et al. (4). In particular, PCR primer 12CON (5′ CATGAGCATGGTGATGTC-3′) coupled with primer 12NF (5′-TCTCCTCGTTGTATCTGG-3′) and primer 3CON (5′-TGGCAAAGACTGGTTCAC-3′) coupled with primer 3NA (5′-GTGCACAGAATATACGAGC-3′) identified the nivalenol chemotype, primer 12CON coupled with primer 12-15F (5′-TACAGCGGTCGCAACTTC-3′) and primer 3CON coupled with primer 3D15A (5′-ACTGACCCAAGCTGCCATC-3′) identified the 15-acetylated deoxynivalenol (DON) chemotype, while primer 12CON coupled with primer 12-3F (5′-CTTTGGCAAGCCCGTGCA-3′) and primer 3CON coupled with primer 3D3A (5′-CGCATTGGCTAACACATG-3′) identified 3-acetylated DON chemotype. Reactions were repeated two times and positive controls (provided by Kerry O'Donnell, NRRL collection, Peoria, IL) and a negative control (water) were used in each reaction. Frequency of the nivalenol chemotype was found to be 2.5% in 2007 and 1% in 2008. Interestingly, the nivalenol chemotype was absent in southern Luxembourg. According to this finding, nivalenol was likely to be present at low levels in grain from Reisdorf and Echternach in 2007 (central Luxembourg) and in 2008 from grain of Troisvierges (northern Luxembourg). The remaining isolates in both years belonged to the 15-acetylated DON chemotype and the 3-acetylated DON chemotype was not detected. Compared with a previous report from the Netherlands (3), the nivalenol chemotype in Luxembourg is less frequent and widespread. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the nivalenol chemotype of F. graminearum causing head blight on wheat in Luxembourg. References:(1) T. Demeke et al. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 103:271, 2005. (2) F. Giraud et al. Plant Dis. 92:1587, 2008. (3) C. Waalwijk et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 109:743, 2003. (4) T. J. Ward et al. Fung. Genet. Biol. 45:473, 2008.

Distribution of DArT, AFLP, and SSR markers in a genetic linkage map of a doubled-haploid hexaploid wheat population

Genome ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 545-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kassa Semagn ◽  
Åsmund Bjørnstad ◽  
Helge Skinnes ◽  
Anne Guri Marøy ◽  
Yalew Tarkegne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Segregation Distortion ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Genetic Linkage ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Leaf Segment ◽  
Dart Markers ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Diversity Arrays Technology

A genetic linkage mapping study was conducted in 93 doubled-haploid lines derived from a cross between Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell 'Arina' and a Norwegian spring wheat breeding line, NK93604, using diversity arrays technology (DArT), amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The objective of this study was to understand the distribution, redundancy, and segregation distortion of DArT markers in comparison with AFLP and SSR markers. The map contains a total of 624 markers with 189 DArTs, 165 AFLPs and 270 SSRs, and spans 2595.5 cM. All 3 marker types showed significant (p < 0.01) segregation distortion, but it was higher for AFLPs (24.2%) and SSRs (22.6%) than for DArTs (13.8%). The overall segregation distortion was 20.4%. DArTs showed the highest frequency of clustering (27.0%) at < 0.5 cM intervals between consecutive markers, which is 3 and 15 times higher than SSRs (8.9%) and AFLPs (1.8%), respectively. This high proportion of clustering of DArT markers may be indicative of gene-rich regions and (or) the result of inclusion of redundant clones in the genomic representations, which was supported by the presence of very high correlation coefficients (r > 0.98) and multicollinearity among the clustered markers. The present study is the first to compare the utility of DArT with AFLP and SSR markers, and the present map has been successfully used to identify novel QTLs for resistance to Fusarium head blight and powdery mildew and for anther extrusion, leaf segment incubation, and latency.Key words: 'Arina', diversity arrays technology, double haploid, genetic map, marker clustering, microsatellite.

A linked SNP marker to genotype Fr-B2 in wheat

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 859
Author(s):  
H. A. Eagles ◽  
J. Hyles ◽  
Jayne Wilson ◽  
Karen Cane ◽  
K. L. Forrest ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Frost Tolerance ◽  
Large Deletion ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Chromosome 5B ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
Specific Pcr Assay

Fr-B2 is a complex locus on chromosome 5B that affects frost tolerance, days to heading, grain yield and probably other traits of commercial importance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). It interacts epistatically with other major genes, especially VRN1. There are two known alleles of Fr-B2: an intact, wild-type allele, and an allele with a large deletion. Published methods for identifying these alleles are slow and expensive, making the development of a high-throughput, co-dominant SNP (single-nucleotide polymorphism) marker highly desirable, especially for commercial wheat breeding. A diverse panel of cultivars and breeding lines was characterised for SNPs and alleles of Fr-B2. Four SNP markers co-segregated as a haplotype block with Fr-B2 across unrelated cultivars and related backcrosses differing for alleles of Fr-B2. A robust KASP (Kompetitive allele-specific PCR) assay was developed for one of the SNPs, KASP_IWB26333, which should facilitate the inclusion of Fr-B2 on genotyping platforms for breeding and research.

scholarly journals The Semidwarfing Alleles Rht-D1b and Rht-B1b Show Marked Differences in Their Associations with Anther-Retention in Wheat Heads and with Fusarium Head Blight Susceptibility

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (12) ◽  
pp. 1544-1552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Buerstmayr ◽  
Hermann Buerstmayr
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Backcross Population ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Haploid Population

The semidwarfing alleles reduced height (Rht)-D1b and Rht-B1b are widely deployed in wheat breeding. Both alleles have similar effects on plant height but differ in their effect on Fusarium head blight (FHB) severity. A double-haploid population and a backcross population, segregating for Rht-B1a/Rht-B1b and Rht-D1a/Rht-D1b, were evaluated for FHB severity, plant height, and anther retention in field trials in three consecutive years. The semidwarfing alleles reduced plant height and increased the proportion of retained anthers. Reduced plant height and a high proportion of retained anthers were associated with increased FHB severity. The Rht-D1b allele had a significantly greater impact on anther retention and FHB severity than the Rht-B1b allele. Fusarium graminearum establishes infection sites predominantly inside the floral cavity and retained anthers potentially support colonization and initial hyphal growth, leading to a higher disease level in genotypes with a higher proportion of retained anthers. This is the first report demonstrating that differences in disease severity associated with Rht-D1b and Rht-B1b can be partly explained by their different effect on the extent of anther retention.

scholarly journals Fusarium ratings in Ontario winter wheat performance trial (OWWPT) using an index that combines Fusarium head blight symptoms and deoxynivalenol levels

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. S115-S122 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Tamburic-Ilincic ◽  
D. Falk ◽  
A. Schaafsma
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Selection Decisions ◽  
Grain Yield And Quality ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Performance Trial

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most serious diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). FHB&nbsp;reduces grain yield and quality, and the fungus produces mycotoxins, such as deoxynivalenol (DON). The most practical way to control FHB is through the development of resistant cultivars. In addition to exotic sources of resistance (such as cultivars Sumai 3 and Frontana), native sources of resistance are commonly used in winter wheat breeding programs in North America. In 1996, 2000, and 2004 severe epidemics of FHB cost the winter wheat industry in Ontario, Canada combined over $200 million. All wheat grown in Ontario is entered in the Ontario Winter Wheat Performance Trial (OWWPT) and tested every year for Fusarium resistance and DON&nbsp;level in three inoculated FHB nurseries. The objective of this study is to explain how the index that accounts for FHB&nbsp;symptoms and DON level jointly was developed, and how stable the performance of the cultivars grouped to susceptibility classes has been over a number of years. The index is related to Fusarium susceptibility classes (moderately resistant &ndash; MR, moderately susceptible &ndash; MS, susceptible &ndash; S and highly susceptible &ndash; HS), robust, stable, open-ended (old cultivars out, new cultivars in) and useful to farmers in making cultivars selection decisions. This information is available to growers and industry through the website www.gocereals.ca.

Effect of fungicide seed treatments on root pathogens of cereal crops under field conditions

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 905-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. Fernandez ◽  
W.E. May ◽  
G.P. Lafond
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Infected Seed ◽  
Growing Conditions

It is of importance to reduce the spread of Fusarium graminearum to western regions of the Canadian prairies where Fusarium head blight has so far occurred to a limited extent. Determining the effectiveness of fungicides against F. graminearum in infected seed under various growing conditions will help design a comprehensive strategy for preventing the spread of this pathogen. Field trials at various locations in eastern Saskatchewan were conducted (2003-2005) to examine the performance of registered and experimental fungicides on Fusarium colonization of subcrown internodes (SIs) of plants derived from Fusarium-infected barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), common (Triticum aestivum L.) and durum [T. turgidum L. ssp. durum (Desf.) Husn.] wheat seed, and on SI discoloration. Among the fungi isolated from discolored SIs were Fusarium spp., including F. graminearum, and Cochliobolus sativus. Fusarium graminearum infections were mostly seed-borne whereas infection by other fungi appeared to be mostly soil-borne. Compared with the untreated infected control, the combined seed treatments reduced discoloration of SIs, but no single fungicide reduced discoloration consistently across site-years or crops. Similarly, no product consistently reduced the isolation of F. graminearum or other Fusarium pathogens, although some fungicides appeared to be more effective than others in reducing isolation of F. graminearum or C. sativus. Our observations agree with results from a controlled-environment study of effects of seed treatments on F. graminearum colonization of plants derived from infected common and durum wheat seed, thus confirming that treatment of F. graminearum-infected seed with fungicides will not likely prevent the spread of this pathogen.

scholarly journals AC Baltic spring wheat

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 469-471
Author(s):  
H. G. Nass ◽  
H. W. Johnston ◽  
C. R. Blatt ◽  
J. S. Bubar ◽  
A. V. Rodd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Septoria Nodorum ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Glume Blotch ◽  
Cultivar Description

AC Baltic is a spring feed wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) with high grain yield, medium maturity and good lodging resistance. It is resistant to powdery mildew (caused by Erysiphe graminis, D.C. ex Merat f. sp. tritici Marchai), moderately susceptible to septoria leaf and glume blotch (caused by Septoria nodorum (Berk.) Berk.) and moderately tolerant to fusarium head blight (caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe). AC Baltic is suited for production in eastern Canada.Key words: Wheat (spring), cultivar description

scholarly journals Within-Field Variation of Fusarium graminearum Isolates for Aggressiveness and Deoxynivalenol Production in Wheat Head Blight

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firas Talas ◽  
Rasha Kalih ◽  
Thomas Miedaner
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Field Variation ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
Spring Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Multiple Resistance Genes

Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum sensu stricto (s.s.), causes tremendous annual yield losses in wheat worldwide. Variation of aggressiveness of isolates from individual field populations in terms of FHB infection and deoxynivalenol (DON) concentration in the host are important population parameters reflecting parasitic ability. Our main objective was to estimate the variation of both traits within three populations of F. graminearum s.s., each consisting of 30 single-spore isolates collected from small wheat fields in Germany, and to compare it with 11 isolates of a collection (F. graminearum collection) from four countries. The same isolates were characterized using 19 single-sequence repeat markers. All isolates were spray inoculated on a moderately resistant spring wheat cultivar at two field locations over 2 years (i.e., in four environments). The genotypic proportion of phenotypic variance (σ2G) within populations was significant (P < 0.01) for both traits, and the σ2G × environment interaction was even more important for mean FHB severity. Ranges in mean FHB severity and DON concentration in the host were only slightly smaller for the field populations than for the F. graminearum collection. Both traits were significantly (P < 0.05) correlated within and across populations. A further partitioning of σ2G revealed 72% of σ2G within and 28% of σ2G across populations for both traits. Molecular variance of the three populations was similarly distributed (73.6% within versus 26.4% between populations). In view of this high within-field variation for traits of parasitic ability and selection, neutral molecular markers, multiple resistance genes of different origin should be employed in wheat breeding programs to obtain a long-term stable FHB resistance.

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