Detection and phylogenetic analysis of mating type genes ofOphiosphaerella korrae

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Hsiang ◽  
Fajun Chen ◽  
Paul H Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Mating Type ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Total Evidence ◽  
Bootstrap Support ◽  
Evidence Analysis ◽  
Mating Type Genes ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Leptosphaeria Korrae ◽  
Ophiosphaerella Korrae ◽  
Basal Position

Portions of the mating type genes from Ophiosphaerella korrae (J. Walker & A.M. Smith) R.A. Shoemaker (=Leptosphaeria korrae J. Walker & A.M. Smith), a pathogenic fungus of grasses, were examined by PCR (polymerase chain reaction). For nine isolates of O. korrae from North America, both mating type genes were amplified, demonstrating that both MAT idiomorphs are detectable in this homothallic ascomycete. Amplified fragments from three isolates were sequenced, and parsimony analyses of MAT1 nucleotide and protein sequences placed O. korrae in the basal position of a clade of Phaeosphaeriaceae and Pleosporaceae, whereas the MAT2 nucleotide and protein data placed O. korrae in a clade with Pleosporaceae. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 18S ribosomal DNA of O. korrae were also sequenced. The 18S sequences had insufficient variability to resolve the placement of O. korrae, whereas the ITS data placed it in Phaeosphaeriaceae. A total evidence analysis of Dothideomycetes with 18S, ITS, and MAT data placed O. korrae alongside Phaeosphaeria species, with moderate bootstrap support. However, the Kishino–Hasegawa test did not demonstrate this topology to be significantly different from one where O. korrae was placed with Pleosporales. Although O. korrae does not belong in Leptosphaeria based on ITS data, MAT data do not strongly support its placement in Phaeosphaeriaceae.Key words: ascomycetes, mating type genes, ribosomal genes, taxonomy.

Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification for Rapid Detection of Mating Types of Villosiclava virens

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiayan Pan ◽  
Xiao Wang ◽  
Junjie Yu ◽  
Mina Yu ◽  
Huijuan Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mating Type ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Lamp Assay ◽  
Isothermal Amplification ◽  
Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification ◽  
Villosiclava Virens ◽  
False Smut ◽  
Mating Type Genes ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Rice false smut (RFS), caused by Villosiclava virens, is an important fungal disease in panicle of rice. V. virens is a heterothallic ascomycete that controlled by two opposite idiomorphs, MAT1-1 and MAT1-2. Previous study showed sexual reproduction of V. virens plays an important role in the epidemic of RFS. In this study, we have developed a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay to detect mating type of V. virens easily and rapidly by using specific primers designed on the mating type genes MAT1-1-2 and MAT1-2-1, respectively. The LAMP assay required only a water/dry bath and could recognize the mating type of V. virens in just 45 min. The LAMP assay was so sensitive that could detect small amounts of V. virens genomic DNA (as low as 2.0 pg of MAT1-1, and 200.0 pg of MAT1-2), which was 10-fold more sensitive than polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In addition, the application of mating type using LAMP assay was demonstrated feasibly by assessing the genomic DNA of V. virens isolated from rice fields. The high efficiency and specificity of this LAMP assay suggested it can be used as a rapid testing tool in mating type recognition of V. virens isolates in the field.

scholarly journals Mating-Type Genes from Asexual Phytopathogenic Ascomycetes Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria alternata

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1330-1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsutomu Arie ◽  
Isao Kaneko ◽  
Takanobu Yoshida ◽  
Masami Noguchi ◽  
Yoshikuni Nomura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Hmg Box ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Mating Type Genes ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Flanking Regions ◽  
Mat Genes

Mating-type (MAT) loci were cloned from two asexual (mitosporic) phytopathogenic ascomycetes, Fusarium oxysporum (a pyrenomycete) and Alternaria alternata (a loculoascomycete), by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based strategy. The conserved high mobility group (HMG) box domain found in the MAT1-2-1 protein was used as a starting point for cloning and sequencing the entire MAT1-2 idiomorph plus flanking regions. Primer pairs designed to both flanking regions were used to amplify the opposite MAT1-1 idiomorph. The MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 idiomorphs were approximately 4.6 and 3.8 kb in F. oxysporum and approximately 1.9 and 2.2 kb in A. alternata, respectively. In both species, the MAT1-1 idiomorph contains at least one gene that encodes a protein with a putative alpha box domain and the MAT1-2 idiomorph contains one gene that encodes a protein with a putative HMG box domain. MAT-specific primers were used to assess the mating type of F. oxysporum and A. alternata field isolates by PCR. MAT genes from A. alternata were expressed. The A. alternata genes were confirmed to be functional in a close sexual relative, Cochliobolus heterostrophus, by heterologous expression.

A molecular phylogenetic analysis of Diuris (Orchidaceae) based on AFLP and ITS reveals three major clades and a basal species

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
James O. Indsto ◽  
Peter H. Weston ◽  
Mark A. Clements
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Total Evidence ◽  
Bootstrap Support ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Strong Bootstrap Support ◽  
Evidence Analysis

Diuris is a terrestrial orchid genus of at least 61 and possibly more than 100 species, restricted to Australia except for one species endemic in Timor. Distinctive species groups have respective eastern and western centres of distribution. Although species affinities have been vaguely understood for many years, no formal infrageneric treatment has been undertaken as Diuris possesses few reliable morphological characters for a classification system. We have undertaken cladistic parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of Diuris by using the ITS1–5.8S–ITS2 region of nuclear rDNA and morphological characters, with a subset of samples also studied by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) as an independent test of phylogenetic relationships. Four major clades with strong bootstrap support were resolved and are named here according to a recently published classification; D. sulphurea forms a lineage (subg. Paradiuris) of its own that is well supported as the sister to the rest of Diuris. Two other major eastern clades contained species related to D. maculata (subg. Xanthodiuris) and D. punctata (subg. Diuris), respectively. Although these latter two subgenera are genetically well resolved, there is minimal genetic variation at species level, consistent with recent, rapid speciation. A fourth clade (subg. Hesperodiuris) has a centre of distribution in Western Australia, and has more genetic and morphological variation than the eastern subgenera. Total evidence analysis provides support for the western clade being sister group to the two eastern subgenera Diuris and Xanthodiuris; however, this relationship was not resolved by molecular data. Hybridisation is known to be common among species within subgenera Diuris and Xanthodiuris. Instances of incongruence between different datasets were found suggestive of hybridisation events between species of different sections of Diuris.

scholarly journals Characterization of Mating Type Genes in Aspergillus flavus Populations from Two Locations in Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ouko Abigael ◽  
Okoth Sheila ◽  
Amugune Nelson ◽  
Vesa Joutsjoki
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
High Mobility Group Protein ◽  
Group Protein ◽  
Mating Type Genes ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Mat Genes

In this study, the possibility of sexual reproduction in sampled Aspergillus flavus strains was evaluated by assessing the distribution of mating type (MAT) genes, which are known to control sexual character among fungi, for two counties in Kenya. Forty-four isolates from Nandi and Makueni counties were genotyped by MAT using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay. The primer pair for the MAT1-1 amplified a 396 base pair (bp) fragment containing an α-box motif, and MAT1-2 primers targeted a 270 bp segment with a high mobility group protein. The MAT1-2 genes dominated in both regions although the frequency was higher in Nandi (75%) than in Makueni (54.17%). There were no MAT1-1 genes sampled in Nandi, and in Makueni their proportion was 15.91%. The percentage of isolates that amplified for both MAT genes in Makueni was 9.09%, while in Nandi it was 11.36%. Currently, use of aggressive aflatoxin non-producing A. flavus strains as biocontrol is the most promising preharvest aflatoxin control strategy in Kenya. However, we address the possibility of introduced biocontrol strains to breed with existing aflatoxin producing strains in nature, which could lead to the generation of A. flavus offspring capable of aflatoxin production while also being aggressive colonizers and possibly increasing the burden of aflatoxin exposure in food.

scholarly journals Deletion of the Schizophyllum commune Aα Locus: The Roles of Aα Y and Z Mating-Type Genes

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 144 (4) ◽  
pp. 1437-1444
Author(s):  
C Ian Robertson ◽  
Kirk A Bartholomew ◽  
Charles P Novotny ◽  
Robert C Ullrich
Keyword(s):  
Mating Type ◽  
Sexual Development ◽  
Schizophyllum Commune ◽  
Mating Types ◽  
Developmental Pathway ◽  
Mating Type Gene ◽  
Mating Type Genes ◽  
Regulatory Loci ◽  
Type Gene

The Aα locus is one of four master regulatory loci that determine mating type and regulate sexual development in Schizophyllum commune. We have made a plasmid containing a URA1 gene disruption of the Aα Y1 gene. Y1 is the sole Aα gene in Aα1 strains. We used the plasmid construction to produce an Aα null (i.e., AαΔ) strain by replacing the genomic Y1 gene with URA1 in an Aα1 strain. To characterize the role of the Aα genes in the regulation of sexual development, we transformed various Aα Y and Z alleles into AαΔ strains and examined the acquired mating types and mating abilities of the transformants. These experiments demonstrate that the Aα Y gene is not essential for fungal viability and growth, that a solitary Z Aα mating-type gene does not itself activate development, that Aβ proteins are sufficient to activate the A developmental pathway in the absence of Aα proteins and confirm that Y and Z genes are the sole determinants of Aα mating type. The data from these experiments support and refine our model of the regulation of A-pathway events by Y and Z proteins.

Identity and conservation of mating type genes in geographically diverse isolates of Phaeosphaeria nodorum

2003 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.S Bennett ◽  
S.-H Yun ◽  
T.Y Lee ◽  
B.G Turgeon ◽  
E Arseniuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mating Type ◽  
Phaeosphaeria Nodorum ◽  
Mating Type Genes

scholarly journals A PCR-based Assay for Distinguishing between A1 and A2 Mating Types of Phytophthora capsici

2017 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
pp. 260-264
Author(s):  
Ping Li ◽  
Dong Liu ◽  
Min Guo ◽  
Yuemin Pan ◽  
Fangxin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Mating Types ◽  
Sequence Repeat ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Plant Parasite ◽  
Dna Fragment ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Microsatellite Diversity

Sexual reproduction in the plant parasite Phytophthora capsici Leonian requires the interaction of two distinct mating types, A1 and A2. Co-occurrence of these mating types can enhance the genetic diversity of P. capsici and alter its virulence or resistance characteristics. Using an intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) screen of microsatellite diversity, we identified, cloned, and sequenced a novel 1121-base pair (bp) fragment specific to the A1 mating type of P. capsici. Primers Pcap-1 and Pcap-2 were designed from this DNA fragment to specifically detect the A1 mating type. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using these primers amplified an expected 997-bp fragment from known A1 mating types, but yielded a 508-bp fragment from known A2 mating types. This PCR-based assay could be adapted to accurately and rapidly detect the co-occurrence of A1 and A2 P. capsici mating types from field material.

scholarly journals Cloning and characterization of four SIR genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 688-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Ivy ◽  
A J Klar ◽  
J B Hicks
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Blot Analysis ◽  
Transcriptional Control ◽  
Genomic Library ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Mating Type Genes ◽  
Rna Blots

Mating type in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is determined by the MAT (a or alpha) locus. HML and HMR, which usually contain copies of alpha and a mating type information, respectively, serve as donors in mating type interconversion and are under negative transcriptional control. Four trans-acting SIR (silent information regulator) loci are required for repression of transcription. A defect in any SIR gene results in expression of both HML and HMR. The four SIR genes were isolated from a genomic library by complementation of sir mutations in vivo. DNA blot analysis suggests that the four SIR genes share no sequence homology. RNA blots indicate that SIR2, SIR3, and SIR4 each encode one transcript and that SIR1 encodes two transcripts. Null mutations, made by replacement of the normal genomic allele with deletion-insertion mutations created in the cloned SIR genes, have a Sir- phenotype and are viable. Using the cloned genes, we showed that SIR3 at a high copy number is able to suppress mutations of SIR4. RNA blot analysis suggests that this suppression is not due to transcriptional regulation of SIR3 by SIR4; nor does any SIR4 gene transcriptionally regulate another SIR gene. Interestingly, a truncated SIR4 gene disrupts regulation of the silent mating type loci. We propose that interaction of at least the SIR3 and SIR4 gene products is involved in regulation of the silent mating type genes.

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