Water status influences common events of soluble carbohydrate accumulation during soybean seed development and germination

Albert T Modi; Miller B McDonald; John G Streeter

doi:10.1139/b02-012

Water status influences common events of soluble carbohydrate accumulation during soybean seed development and germination

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b02-012 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 80 (3) ◽

pp. 262-270 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Albert T Modi ◽

Miller B McDonald ◽

John G Streeter

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Water Content ◽

Seed Development ◽

Water Status ◽

Soybean Seed ◽

Soluble Carbohydrates ◽

Soluble Carbohydrate ◽

Radicle Protrusion ◽

Glycine Max L ◽

Three Phases

Seed development and germination are two distinct physiological stages that are normally separated by a metabolically quiescent period in orthodox seeds. Comparison of seed water status during these two processes and how it influences the biochemical activities remains unclear. The objective of this study was to compare soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill cv. Ohio FG1) seed development and germination, including the first 6 h after radicle protrusion, with respect to soluble carbohydrate occurrence at different stages characterized by water content and osmolality. Cyclitols and sugars were monitored at nine stages of development and during the first 30 h of germination. Three phases of water loss and osmolality increase found during seed development were correlated with three phases of water absorption and osmolality decrease during seed germination. This study provided evidence that soybean seed cotyledons and axes have similar patterns of water content and osmolality during seed development and germination and that three major events of soluble carbohydrate occurrence are shared by soybean seed parts during development and germination.Key words: seed development, seed germination, soluble carbohydrates, soybean, water status.

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Effects of Irrigation and Planting Geometry on Soybean (Glycine max L.) Seed Nutrition in Humid Climates

International Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.1155/2021/6625919 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Srinivasa R. Pinnamaneni ◽

Saseendran S. Anapalli ◽

Nacer Bellaloui ◽

Krishna N. Reddy

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Stearic Acid ◽

Seed Development ◽

Soybean Seed ◽

Seed Oil Content ◽

Crop Season ◽

Planting Geometry ◽

Nutritional Qualities ◽

Glycine Max L ◽

Total Seed

This study investigates the effect of irrigation (FI, all rows-irrigation; HI, alternate row irrigation; RF, rainfed) and planting geometry (PG) (SR, single-row; TR, twin-row) on soybean seed constituents. Results showed that most of these seed components were significantly affected by crop season due to contrasting precipitation and solar radiation patterns, particularly during July-August, coinciding with early reproductive and seed development stages. Both seed protein and oil levels responded positively to irrigation, while most of the amino acids were nonresponsive. The protein content ranged between 36.3 and 37.6% in 2018, while it was between 36.4 and 38.3% in 2019. Total seed oil content varied between 24.2 and 26.1% in 2018 and between 25.3 and 26.5% in 2019. Among amino acids, glycine, alanine, valine, and methionine levels were significantly higher in both FI and HI treatments. Among sugars, only sucrose was higher in response to the RF treatment, and irrigation did not affect both stachyose and raffinose. Oleic acid was higher in RF, while no significant differences were observed for linolenic and linoleic acids. Similarly, seasonal variation was significant for stearic acid content, but the 2019 season had relatively higher accumulation (stearic acid: between 4.1 and 4.5% in 2018 and from 4.6 to 4.9% in 2019). These results indicate that both irrigation and climate during seed development can alter some seed composition constituents and play critical roles in determining seed nutritional qualities.

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Drought survival and dehydration tolerance in Dactylis glomerata and Poa bulbosa

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/pp00162 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 28 (8) ◽

pp. 743 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Florence Volaire ◽

Geneviève Conéjero ◽

François Lelièvre

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Water Status ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Perennial Grasses ◽

Soluble Carbohydrate ◽

Plant Responses ◽

Dehydration Tolerance ◽

Carbohydrate Concentration ◽

Drought Survival ◽

Final Water Content

To analyse the contribution of dormancy and dehydration tolerance to drought survival of perennial grasses, we compared Poa bulbosa L., which is classified as a resurrection plant, with one of the most drought resistant cultivars of MediterraneanDactylis glomerata L. Comparing periods when dormancy was induced in Poa (summer) and not induced (winter), we aimed to ascertain the presence of differential plant responses between dormancy and dehydration tolerance and to characterise water status, sugar and dehydrin accumulation in surviving organs of Poa and Dactylis, in relation to their ability to survive intense drought. Irrespective of the dormancy status of Poa, the bulbs of this species had a final water content lower than 10% and survived an extreme drought. This could be associated with the accumulation of sucrose and the expression of a high number (>10) of dehydrins that peaked when the water content of the bulbs fell below 50%, whether this dehydration was due to dormancy induction or increasing soil water deficit. The independence of dormancy to dehydration tolerance was reinforced by the expression of a specific dehydrin (approx. 28 kDa) found only in irrigated, but dormant, tissues of Poa. The Dactylis exhibited contrasting survival between experiments (46 and 0% after a summer and winter drought, respectively). The mortality was associated with a significantly higher rate of decrease of the membrane stability of leaf bases of Dactylis in winter and with barely detectable amounts of sucrose contents in droughted roots. However, neither the water-soluble carbohydrate concentration in leaf bases nor the overall accumulation of dehydrins could be related to the contrasting survival of this Dactylis between the two seasons. Since in seeds of Poa and Dactylis, the accumulation of dehydrins was comparable with that found in droughted aerial tissues of the same species, the expression of these proteins must interact with other mechanisms to confer dehydration tolerance.

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Seed quality response of soybean to weed control timing using glyphosate

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p03-225 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 84 (4) ◽

pp. 1213-1219

Author(s):

S. Y. C. Essah ◽

U. R. Bishnoi

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Weed Control ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Soybean Seed ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Cold Test ◽

Southeast United States ◽

Glycine Max L ◽

Soybean Plants ◽

Quality Response

Field and laboratory studies were conducted during 1997 and 1998 in the southeast United States to determine the influence of timing of glyphosate application on seed germination (standard germination and germination index) and vigor (cold test emergence, accelerated aged emergence, and seed conductivity) of three glyphosate-resistant soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars that belong to different maturity groups (MG). The soybean cultivars used were H4994 (MG IV — early maturing), H5164 (MG V — medium maturing) and H6686 (MG VI — late maturing). Weeds were controlled by glyphosate applied at 1.1 kg a.i. ha-1 at 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7 wk after soybean emergence (WAE). Using glyphosate to control weeds at 5 WAE or later in the early- and medium-maturing cultivars (H4994 and H5164) results in soybean plants able to produce seeds with more vigor and germinability than when weeds are removed earlier. For late-maturing cultivar H6686, weed control at 4 WAE produces seeds with higher germination and vigor than when weeds are removed later. Key words: Glyphosate, weed control timing, soybean, seed germination and vigor, weed dry weight

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Water relations in seed biology

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90161998000500018 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 55 (spe) ◽

pp. 98-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

F. A. Villela

Keyword(s):

Water Potential ◽

Water Content ◽

Seed Development ◽

Water Relations ◽

Water Status ◽

Regulatory Role ◽

Seed Biology

The water relations play a fundamental role in seed biology. Thus, the purpose of the present paper was to analyze the performance of water status in seed development and germination. The researches have suggested that the water potential of the seed or seed structures provides a better indicator of the seed water status than water content. The seed water status plays a regulatory role in seed development and germination.

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Growth and contents of organic and inorganic solutes in amaranth under salt stress

Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical ◽

10.1590/1983-40632016v4742580 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 22-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Renata Velasques Menezes ◽

André Dias de Azevedo Neto ◽

Marcos de Oliveira Ribeiro ◽

Alide Mitsue Watanabe Cova

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Water Content ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Relative Water Content ◽

Membrane Integrity ◽

Soluble Carbohydrates ◽

Soluble Carbohydrate ◽

Amaranthus Cruentus ◽

Relative Water ◽

Inorganic Solutes

ABSTRACT Amaranthus cruentus L. is a forage species, with grains that exhibit excellent nutritional characteristics, being the 'BRS Alegria' the first cultivar recommended for cultivation in Brazil. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of salt stress on the growth and concentrations of organic and inorganic solutes in Amaranthus cruentus L. ('BRS Alegria' cultivar). Height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf, stem and root dry mass, leaf area, relative water content and membrane integrity percentage, as well as soluble carbohydrate, free amino acid, soluble protein, free proline, Na+, Cl- and K+ contents, were evaluated in different plant organs. Salinity significantly reduced the biomass yield and leaf area from the treatment with 25 mM of NaCl, indicating that the 'BRS Alegria' cultivar is sensitive to salt stress. Soluble carbohydrates in the leaves decreased by 59 %, while the other organic solutes showed no substantial increases. These results, coupled with the reduction in the relative water content and membrane integrity, suggest a low ability of this cultivar to adjust osmotically under salt stress. The K+/Na+ ratio abruptly decreased in 25 mM of NaCl, suggesting an ionic imbalance, which may partially explain the salt-induced growth reduction.

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CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Knockout of Galactinol Synthase-Encoding Genes Reduces Raffinose Family Oligosaccharide Levels in Soybean Seeds

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2020.612942 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Huy Le ◽

Nhung Hong Nguyen ◽

Dong Thị Ta ◽

Thao Nhu Thi Le ◽

Thao Phuong Bui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Double Mutant ◽

Crop Improvement ◽

Soybean Seed ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Soluble Carbohydrates ◽

Soluble Carbohydrate ◽

Soybean Seeds ◽

Galactinol Synthase ◽

Target Sites ◽

Mutant Lines

Raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) are major soluble carbohydrates in soybean seeds that cannot be digested by human and other monogastric animals. Hence, a major goal is to reduce RFO levels to improve the nutritional quality of soybean. In this study, we utilized a dual gRNAs CRISPR/Cas9 system to induce knockouts in two soybean galactinol synthase (GOLS) genes, GmGOLS1A and its homeolog GmGOLS1B. Genotyping of T0 plants showed that the construct design was efficient in inducing various deletions in the target sites or sequences spanning the two target sites of both GmGOLS1A and GmGOLS1B genes. A subset of induced alleles was successfully transferred to progeny and, at the T2 generation, we identified null segregants of single and double mutant genotypes without off-target induced mutations. The seed carbohydrate analysis of double mutant lines showed a reduction in the total RFO content of soybean seed from 64.7 mg/g dry weight to 41.95 mg/g dry weight, a 35.2% decrease. On average, the stachyose content, the most predominant RFO in soybean seeds, decreased by 35.4% in double mutant soybean, while the raffinose content increased by 41.7%. A slight decrease in verbascose content was also observed in mutant lines. Aside from changes in soluble carbohydrate content, some mutant lines also exhibited increased protein and fat contents. Otherwise, no difference in seed weight, seed germination, plant development and morphology was observed in the mutants. Our findings indicate that GmGOLS1A and GmGOLS1B contribute to the soybean oligosaccharide profile through RFO biosynthesis pathways, and are promising targets for future investigation, as well as crop improvement efforts. Our results also demonstrate the potential in using elite soybean cultivars for transformation and targeted genome editing.

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The Relations of Electric Conductivity with Physiological Characteristic of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) Seeds by Matriconditioning Invigoration Treatment When Stored

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis ◽

10.11118/actaun201866040883 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 66 (4) ◽

pp. 883-888

Author(s):

Puguh Bintang Pamungkas ◽

Supriyono ◽

Edi Purwanto

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Cell Membrane ◽

Electric Conductivity ◽

Soybean Seed ◽

Physiological Characteristic ◽

Seed Physiology ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Presowing Treatment ◽

Glycine Max L

Invigoration can be applied prestorage treatment, midstorage treatment, and presowing treatment. The research was aimed to determine the relations of electric conductivity with viability on soybean seed after storage. The research was conducted from August 2017 to February 2018. This research was conducted by completed randomized design with factorial 2 factor and 3 replications, i.e time of invigoration and kind of invigoration. The observed variables i.e water content (WC), seed germination (SG), index vigor (IV), electric conductivity (EC). The result showed that WC, IV and EC which is not interactions between treatment, while SG showed that it has interactions between treatment. The regression shows the influence of EC by a factor of seed physiology, which is EC‑WC has a positive correlation, EC‑SG and EC‑IV have a negative correlation. Electric conductivity can be used as one factor in determining the viability of seed that reflects the level of meltdowns of the cell membrane. The seed with high electrolyte meltdowns (W1M4) was considered low vigor, while low electrolyte meltdowns (W3M2) was considered high vigor.

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Genetic basis of isoflavone accumulation during soybean seed development : special focus on water-deficit conditions

10.32469/10355/6852 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

Juan Jose Gutierrez-Gonzalez

Keyword(s):

Water Deficit ◽

Seed Development ◽

Genetic Basis ◽

Soybean Seed ◽

Special Focus

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The Method of Plant Water Status Measurement in Sweet Potato (Ipomoea Batatas (L) Lam.)

Beccariana Botanical Research Bulletin ◽

10.30862/bbrp.v7i1.274 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Saraswati Prabawardani

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Sweet Potato ◽

Relative Water Content ◽

Water Status ◽

Plant Water Status ◽

Equilibration Time ◽

Plant Water ◽

Font Size ◽

Potato Leaf ◽

Relative Water

The measurement of plant water status such as leaf water potential (LWP) and leaf relative water content (RWC) is important part of understanding plant physiology and biomass production. Preliminary study was made to determine the optimum amount of leaf abrasion and equilibration time of sweet potato leaf inside the thermocouple psychrometer chambers. Based on the trial, the standard equilibration time curve of a Peltier thermocouple for sweet potato leaf was between 2 and 3 hours. To increase the water vapour conductance across the leaf epidermis the waxy leaf cuticle should be removed or broken by abrasion. The result showed that 4 times leaf rubbings was accepted as the most effective way to increase leaf vapour conductance of sweet potato in the psychrometer chambers. In calculating the leaf relative water content, unstressed water of sweet potato leaves require 4 hours imbibition, whereas water stressed of sweet potato leaves require 5 to 6 hours to reach the saturation time. Either leaf water potential or relative water content can be used as a parameter for plant water status in sweet potato.

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Analysis of miRNAs Targeted Storage Regulatory Genes during Soybean Seed Development Based on Transcriptome Sequencing

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes10060408 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 408 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jing-Yao Yu ◽

Zhan-Guo Zhang ◽

Shi-Yu Huang ◽

Xue Han ◽

Xin-Yu Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Expression Pattern ◽

Seed Development ◽

Small Rna ◽

Target Genes ◽

Soybean Seed ◽

Regulatory Genes ◽

Small Rna Sequencing ◽

Grain Development ◽

Regulatory Relationship ◽

Novel Mirna

Soybeans are an important cash crop and are widely used as a source of vegetable protein and edible oil. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are endogenous small RNA that play an important regulatory role in the evolutionarily conserved system of gene expression. In this study, we selected four lines with extreme phenotypes, as well as high or low protein and oil content, from the chromosome segment substitution line (CSSL) constructed from suinong (SN14) and ZYD00006, and planted and sampled at three stages of grain development for small RNA sequencing and expression analysis. The sequencing results revealed the expression pattern of miRNA in the materials, and predicted miRNA-targeted regulatory genes, including 1967 pairs of corresponding relationships between known-miRNA and their target genes, as well as 597 pairs of corresponding relationships between novel-miRNA and their target genes. After screening and annotating genes that were targeted for regulation, five specific genes were identified to be differentially expressed during seed development and subsequently analyzed for their regulatory relationship with miRNAs. The expression pattern of the targeted gene was verified by Real-time Quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Our research provides more information about the miRNA regulatory network in soybeans and further identifies useful genes that regulate storage during soy grain development, providing a theoretical basis for the regulation of soybean quality traits.

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