Le Striga gesnerioides et son hôte, le niébé : interaction et méthodes de lutte

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 1225-1240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Pier Dubé ◽  
Alain Olivier
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Parasitic Weed ◽  
Vascular Connection ◽  
Striga Gesnerioides ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Interaction Control ◽  
Intimate Association

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is an important legume crop in subsaharian Africa. However, its cultivation is threatened by the parasitic weed Striga gesnerioides (Willd.) Vatke, which causes considerable yield losses. Striga gesnerioides is an obligate parasite with low photosynthetic activity. Its seeds germinate in response to specific germination stimulants exuded by host roots. After germination, an haustorium is formed through differentiation of the radicular apex. A vascular connection is subsequently established, allowing the parasitic weed to absorb water and nutrients that are essential for its development. Control of S. gesnerioides is difficult to achieve because of the intimate association between the parasitic weed and its host. The use of resistant cowpea cultivars, in combination with appropriate cultural practices, is probably the easiest and most effective method to control S. gesnerioides and achieve long term reduction of its seed bank in the soil.Key words: germination, interaction, control methods, cultivar resistance, Striga gesnerioides, Vigna unguiculata.

scholarly journals The genome of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Lonardi ◽  
María Muñoz-Amatriaín ◽  
Qihua Liang ◽  
Shengqiang Shu ◽  
Steve I. Wanamaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Parasitic Weed ◽  
Nutritional Security ◽  
Striga Gesnerioides ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Food And Nutritional Security

ABSTRACTCowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.) is a major crop for worldwide food and nutritional security, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, that is resilient to hot and drought-prone environments. A high-quality assembly of the single-haplotype inbred genome of cowpea IT97K-499-35 was developed by exploiting the synergies between single molecule real-time sequencing, optical and genetic mapping, and a novel assembly reconciliation algorithm. A total of 519 Mb is included in the assembled sequences. Nearly half of the assembled sequence is composed of repetitive elements, which are enriched within recombination-poor pericentromeric regions. A comparative analysis of these elements suggests that genome size differences between Vigna species are mainly attributable to changes in the amount of Gypsy retrotransposons. Conversely, genes are more abundant in more distal, high-recombination regions of the chromosomes; there appears to be more duplication of genes within the NBS-LRR and the SAUR-like auxin superfamilies compared to other warm-season legumes that have been sequenced. A surprising outcome of this study is the identification of a chromosomal inversion of 4.2 Mb among landraces and cultivars, which includes a gene that has been associated in other plants with interactions with the parasitic weed Striga gesnerioides. The genome sequence also facilitated the identification of a putative syntelog for multiple organ gigantism in legumes. A new numbering system has been adopted for cowpea chromosomes based on synteny with common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris).

scholarly journals Evaluation De Quatre Cultivars De Niebe (Vigna Unguiculata (L.) Walp.) Pour Leur Resistance Au Deficit Hydrique Et A L’adventice Parasite, Striga Gesnerioides (Willd.) Vatke Au Togo

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Yorikoume Kondi ◽  
Aziadekey Mawuli ◽  
Banito Agnassim ◽  
Pocanam Yentchabre ◽  
Tozo Koffi
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Striga Gesnerioides ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Sub Saharan

Drought and weed parasite Striga gesnerioides(Willd.)Vatke, are major constraints to cowpea production in sub-Saharan Africa. The purpose of this study was to examine the response of four cowpea (Vigna unguiculata(L.)Walp.)cultivars, VITOCO, VITA5, IT87D-10-10, and IT98K589-2 to water deficit, to a weed parasite S. gesnerioides and to determine the effect of this weed parasite on these cowpea cultivars under water deficit conditions. Pot experiment was conducted in a greenhouse condition under artificial infestation at the Agronomic Experimentation Station of Lomé. The experimental design was a split-split-plot design with three replications of two levels of S. gesnerioides;(presence and absence) in main plot, four water regimes; (periodic watering of 5, 10, 15 and 20 days) in sub-plot, and the cultivars in sub sub-plot. Data were collected on yield components (number of seed per pod, number of pod per plant and seeds weight per plant). Data collected on parasitic plantdate of emergence and its rate of emergence per pot. Water deficit tolerance was evaluated by the rank summation index (RSI).The results showed that the water régimes of 10 and 15 days had significant depressive effect on all yield components. The number of S. gesnerioides emerged per pot ranged from 10.20 (VITOCO) to 48.60 (IT98K589-2). In addition, the infestation of S. gesnerioides showed a significant reduction of all yield components evaluated in all tested cultivars. Therefore, no cultivar proved to be resistant, nor tolerant to S. gesnerioides.The overall rankings of the evaluated cultivars in terms of growth and yield parameters studied revealed that the cultivar IT98K-589-2 showed the best adaptive response in drought condition. The results also revealed that, the significant negative effect of water deficit on the seeds weight per plant is exacerbated by the S. gesnerioides infestation.

scholarly journals Reaction of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) cultivars to Striga gesnerioides races from Mali and Niger

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Touré ◽  
A. Olivier ◽  
B. R. Ntare ◽  
J. A. Lane ◽  
C. -A. St-Pierre
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Varietal Resistance ◽  
Parasitic Weed ◽  
Striga Gesnerioides ◽  
Resistance Selection ◽  
Selection For

Field, pot and laboratory experiments were performed to evaluate the resistance of 12 cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.) accessions to two races of the parasitic weed Striga gesnerioides (Willd.) Vatke (witchweed) from Cinzana, Mali and Maradi, Niger. Cultivar IT82D-849 showed resistance to either S. gesnerioides race in field, pot and laboratory experiments. IT81D-994 and Suvita-2 were both resistant to S. gesnerioides from Cinzana, but were susceptible to S. gesnerioides from Maradi. The occurrence of distinct varietal specificity among S. gesnerioides races may indicate the existence of significant interpopulation genetic divergence. These results highlight the possibility that varietal resistance could be overcome by some races of the parasitic weed, emphasizing the necessity to perform cowpea selection for resistance to various S. gesnerioides races. Key words: Cowpea, parasite races, resistance, selection, Striga gesnerioides, varietal specificity

RENDIMENTO DE CULTIVARES DE CAUPI (Vigna unguiculata L Walp.) SUBMETIDAS À DIFERENTES LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO

Irriga ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianini Peixoto Bezerra Lima ◽  
José Vanglesio de Aguiar ◽  
Raimundo Nonato Távora Costa ◽  
Vital Pedro da Silva Paz
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Marginal Product ◽  
Applied Water ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars ◽  
The North ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Caixa Postal ◽  
Water Depths

RENDIMENTO DE CULTIVARES DE CAUPI (Vigna unguiculata L Walp.) SUBMETIDAS À DIFERENTES LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO1       Gianini Peixoto Bezerra Lima José Vanglesio de Aguiar Raimundo Nonato Távora Costa Universidade Federal do Ceará – Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola. Campus do Pici. Bloco 804. CEP 60455-760 – Fortaleza-CE Vital Pedro da Silva Paz Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz – Departamento de Engenharia Rural, bolsista da FAPESP. Av. Pádua Dias, 11 – Caixa Postal 11. 13418-900 – Piracicaba-SP       1 RESUMO       O caupi é um dos cultivos mais tradicionais do Norte e Nordeste do Brasil, constituindo alimento básico nestas regiões. Com este trabalho foi possível estabelecer relações entre a quantidade de água aplicada e produtividade de grãos, para três variedades de feijão caupi submetidas a diferentes lâminas de água. Para caracterização das lâminas de água foi utilizado um sistema de irrigação por aspersão convencional em linha. O controle da irrigação foi realizado a partir de tensiômetros instalados à 15 cm de profundidade. Os resultados mostraram que: i) a cultivar João Paulo II apresentou melhores resultados de produtividade para as lâminas de água aplicadas que variaram de T1 = 291,8 mm a T5 = 141,2 mm; ii) sob condições de reduzida disponibilidade de água, ou seja, menor lâmina aplicada, não ocorreu diferença estatística  para a produtividade entre as cultivares estudadas; e iii) para as condições do estudo, a cultivar Setentão apresentou a menor taxa de redução do produto marginal.       UNITERMOS: caupi, irrigação, função de produção       LIMA, G. P. B., AGUIAR, J. V., COSTA, R. N. T., PAZ, V. P. S. Responses OF cowpea cultivars (Vigna unguiculata L Walp) at differents irrigation deficits     2 ABSTRACT       The caupi is one of the most traditional cultivation of the north and northeast - Brazil, constituting a basic food in these areas. With this work it was possible to establish relationships between the amount of water applied and productivity of grains, for three caupi varieties submitted to different irrigation sheets. To diferentiate water depths in the irrigation system, the aspersion in line was used. The control of the irrigation was accomplished using tensiometers installed to 15 cm of depth. The results showed that: i) the João Paulo II variety presented better productivity for the applied water depths; ii) under reduced conditions of water avai lability for study conditions, these was no significant difference in the productivity reached among the cultivars studied; and iii) for the conditions of the study, the variety Setentão presented the smallest rate of reduction of the marginal product.       KEYWORDS: cowpea, irrigation, production function  

scholarly journals Identifying Activity Support Needs for individuals Aging With Disability: Subject Matter Expert Interviews

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 600-600
Author(s):  
Lyndsie Koon ◽  
Megan Bayles ◽  
Elena Remillard ◽  
Wendy Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Mobility Impairment ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
Target Populations ◽  
Need Support ◽  
Multi Method Approach

Abstract Technology designed to support aging-in-place for people with long-term disabilities begins with understanding the specific tasks that need support, and individual abilities, preferences, cultural practices, and privacy concerns. Such understanding is best achieved through a multi-method approach that includes direct, detailed assessments of representative users as well as individuals who work with or care for them. Our target users are people who identify as having a sensory or mobility impairment prior to the age of 50, including individuals aging with multiple sclerosis, late-onset hearing loss, and late-onset vision loss. In the present study, we are interviewing Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) to identify the scope of the challenges that should be explored in more depth. The SMEs include caregivers and medical professionals to identify challenges that the target populations experience in their everyday activities, advice about research adaptations, and recruitment ideas.

Aphelenchoides besseyi parasitizing cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) in Brazil

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciany Favoreto ◽  
Rafaela Bueno ◽  
Angélica Calandrelli ◽  
Patrícia Priscila França ◽  
Mauricio Conrado Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Host Reaction ◽  
First Report ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars ◽  
The World ◽  
Cotton Plants ◽  
Aphelenchoides Besseyi ◽  
Leaf Deformation

Several species of nematodes are known to cause losses to cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) throughout the world. In Brazil, Aphelenchoides besseyi was recently described causing damages on soybean, cotton, and common bean, but no report was found about the parasitism of this nematode in cowpea. The present study aimed to verify the host reaction of cowpea cultivars to A. besseyi. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions, using as inoculum two A. besseyi populations, obtained from symptomatic soybean and cotton plants collected in naturally infested fields. Cultivars ‘Imponente’, ‘Aracê’, ‘Guariba’, ‘Tumucumaque’, ‘Nova Era’, and ‘Tracuateua’ were inoculated with 500 A. besseyi of each population, separately, into soil and after 30 days from the inoculation nematodes were extracted from shoot systems. Both populations were able to parasitize all the cowpea cultivars. Independently of the cultivar, cowpea plants exhibited symptoms of leaf deformation similar to those described for soybean, cotton, and common bean and, in addition, severe brooming was observed and the interior of the stems was porous and necrotic. To our knowledge, this is the first report of parasitism by A. besseyi of cowpea in Brazil, under greenhouse conditions, increasing the list of hosts of this nematode.

Clubroot in Brassica: Recent advances in genomics, breeding and disease management

Genome ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Jakir Hasan ◽  
Swati Megha ◽  
Habibur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Host Resistance ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Clubroot Disease

Clubroot disease, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, affects Brassica oilseed and vegetable production worldwide. This review is focused on various aspects of clubroot disease and its management, including understanding the pathogen and resistance in the host plants. Advances in genetics, molecular biology techniques and ‘omics’ research have helped to identify several major loci, QTL and genes from the Brassica genomes involved in the control of clubroot resistance. Transcriptomic studies have helped to extend our understanding of the mechanism of infection by the pathogen and the molecular basis of resistance/susceptibility in the host plants. A comprehensive understanding of the clubroot disease and host resistance would allow developing a better strategy by integrating the genetic resistance with cultural practices to manage this disease from a long-term perspective.

scholarly journals Changes in growth and nutrient uptake in response to foliar application of sodium and calcium chloride in cowpea cultivars (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp)

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (47) ◽  
pp. 4382-4389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desire Taffouo Victor ◽  
Ekwel Sondi Serge ◽  
Tekam Meguekam Liliane ◽  
Erve Nouck, Oscar Fotsop Wamba Alphonse ◽  
Youmbi Emmanuel
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars

scholarly journals The Spaces of Nostalgia(s) and the Politics of Belonging in Contemporary Chernivtsi, Western Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 218-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Koziura
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Second World War ◽  
City Center ◽  
Symbolic Resources ◽  
The Social ◽  
Western Ukraine ◽  
The City ◽  
Second World

This article is part of the special cluster titled Bukovina and Bukovinians after the Second World War: (Re)shaping and (re)thinking a region after genocide and ‘ethnic unmixing’, guest edited by Gaëlle Fisher and Maren Röger. This article explores ways in which Habsburg nostalgia has become an important factor in contemporary place-making strategies in the city of Chernivtsi, Western Ukraine. Through the analysis of diasporic homecomings, city center revitalization, and nationalist rhetoric surrounding the politics of monuments, I explore hybrid and diverse ways in which Habsburg nostalgia operates in a given setting. Rather than a static and homogenous form of place attachment, in Chernivtsi different cultural practices associated with Habsburg nostalgia coexist with each other and depending on the political context as well as the social position of the “nostalgic agents” manifest themselves differently. Drawing from my long-term ethnographic fieldwork, I argue that in order to fully understand individuals’ attachment to space, it is necessary to grasp both the subtle emotional ways in which the city is experienced by individuals as well as problematize the role of the built environment in the visualization of collective memory and emotions of particular groups. The focus on changing manifestations of the Habsburg nostalgia can bring then a better understanding of the range and scope of the city’s symbolic resources that might be mobilized for various purposes.

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