Using genetic engineering to combat disease-spreading mosquitoes

2020 ◽  
Vol 187 (7) ◽  
pp. 252-252
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Disease Spreading

Genetically engineered mosquitoes could help control the spread of diseases such as dengue, reports Kathryn Clark

Genetically-Engineered Protease-Activated Triggers in a Pore-Forming Protein

1993 ◽  
Vol 330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Walker ◽  
Nathan Walsh ◽  
Hagan Bayley
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Pore Formation ◽  
Polypeptide Chain ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Recognition Sequence ◽  
Selective Activation ◽  
Selective Destruction ◽  
Pore Forming Proteins ◽  
Central Loop

ABSTRACTProtease-activated triggers have been introduced Into a pore-forming protein, staphylococcal a-hemolysin (αHL). The hemolysin was remodeled by genetic engineering to form two-chain constructs with redundant polypeptide sequences at the central loop, the Integrity of which Is crucial for efficient pore formation. The new hemolysins are activated when the polypeptide extensions are removed by proteases. By alterating the protease recognition sequence in the loop, selective activation by specified proteases can be obtained. Protease-triggered pore-forming proteins might be used for the selective destruction of cancer cells that bear tumor-associated proteases. When certain two-chain constructs are treated with proteases, a full-length polypeptide chain forms as the result of a protease-mediated transpeptidation reaction. This reaction might be used to produce chimeric hemolysins that are Inaccessible by conventional routes.

EMBRYO MANIPULATION AND GENE TRANSFER IN LIVESTOCK

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. CHURCH ◽  
F. J. SCHAUFELE ◽  
K. MECKLING
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Fusion Gene ◽  
Bovine Genome ◽  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Livestock Species

In the past few years significant progress has been made in manipulation of reproduction and in development of genetic engineering techniques which can be applied to animal species. Artificial insemination and embryo transfer are now used widely in the livestock industry. The advent of non-surgical embryo collection and transfer, embryo freezing and splitting along with estrus synchronization has allowed the industry to move from the laboratory to the farm. Embryo manipulation now involves embryo splitting to produce monozygotic twins, in vitro fertilization, cross-species fertilization, embryo sexing, and chimeric production of tetraparental animals among others. Advances in recombinant DNA, plasmid construction and embryo manipulation technologies allow the production of genetically engineered animals. The application of recombinant DNA technology involves the isolation and manipulation of desired genes which have potential for significant changes in productivity in genetically engineered livestock. Recombinant DNA constructs involve the coupling of promoter, enhancer, regulatory and structural DNA sequences to form a "fusion gene" which can then be multiplied, purified, assayed and expressed in cell culture prior to being introduced into an animal genome. Such DNA gene constructs are readily available for many human and mouse genes. However, they are not readily available for livestock species because the detailed molecular biology has not yet been established in these species. Gene transfer offers a powerful new tool in animal research. Transfer of genes into the bovine genome has been accomplished. However, successful directed expression of these incorporated genes has not been achieved to date. New combinations of fusion genes may be an effective way of producing transgenic domestic animals which show controlled expression of the desired genes. Embryo manipulation and genetic engineering in livestock species is moving rapidly. The problems being addressed at present in numerous laboratories will result in enhanced livestock production in the not too distant future. Key words: Embryo transfer, embryo manipulation, transgenic livestock, genetic engineering, gene transfer, monozygotic twins

Genetic engineering of virus resistance: a successful genetical alchemy

1992 ◽  
Vol 99 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 61-77
Author(s):  
B. D. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Virus Resistance ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Satellite Rna ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Resistance To Infection ◽  
Specific Tolerance

SynopsisSome of the most successful early applications of genetic engineering in crop improvement have been in the production of virus-resistant plants. This has been achieved not by the transfer of naturally occurring resistance genes from one plant species or variety to another but by transformation with novel resistance genes based on nucleotide sequences derived from the viruses themselves or from virus-associated nucleic acids. Transformation of plants with a DNA copy of the particle protein gene of viruses that have positive-sense single-stranded RNA genomes typically confers resistance to infection with the homologous and closely related viruses. Transformation with a gene that is transcribed to produce a benign viral satellite RNA can confer virus-specific tolerance of infection. In addition, recent work with viral poly-merase gene-related sequences offers much promise, and research is active on other strategies such as the use of virus-specific ribozymes.Already the field trialling of plants incorporating transgenic virus resistance has begun, with encouraging results, and effects on virus spread are being studied. Deployment strategies for the resistant plants must now be devised and the conjectural hazards of growing them assessed. Genetically engineered virus resistance promises to make a major contribution to the control of plant virus diseases by non-chemical methods.

scholarly journals A Review of Nervonic Acid Production in Plants: Prospects for the Genetic Engineering of High Nervonic Acid Cultivars Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Liu ◽  
Pandi Wang ◽  
Xiaojuan Xiong ◽  
Xinhua Zeng ◽  
Xiaobo Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Nervonic Acid ◽  
Plant Oil ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Transgenic Technologies ◽  
Production Mechanisms ◽  
Insight Into

Nervonic acid (NA) is a very-long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid that plays crucial roles in brain development and has attracted widespread research interest. The markets encouraged the development of a refined, NA-enriched plant oil as feedstocks for the needed further studies of NA biological functions to the end commercial application. Plant seed oils offer a renewable and environmentally friendly source of NA, but their industrial production is presently hindered by various factors. This review focuses on the NA biosynthesis and assembly, NA resources from plants, and the genetic engineering of NA biosynthesis in oil crops, discusses the factors that affect NA production in genetically engineered oil crops, and provides prospects for the application of NA and prospective trends in the engineering of NA. This review emphasizes the progress made toward various NA-related topics and explores the limitations and trends, thereby providing integrated and comprehensive insight into the nature of NA production mechanisms during genetic engineering. Furthermore, this report supports further work involving the manipulation of NA production through transgenic technologies and molecular breeding for the enhancement of crop nutritional quality or creation of plant biochemical factories to produce NA for use in nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries.

Genetic Engineering and Editing of Plants: An Analysis of New and Persisting Questions

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 659-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Mackelprang ◽  
Peggy G. Lemaux
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Molecular Biology Technique ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
New Science ◽  
Emerging Issues ◽  
Genetically Engineered Plants ◽  
Or Genes

Genetic engineering is a molecular biology technique that enables a gene or genes to be inserted into a plant's genome. The first genetically engineered plants were grown commercially in 1996, and the most common genetically engineered traits are herbicide and insect resistance. Questions and concerns have been raised about the effects of these traits on the environment and human health, many of which are addressed in a pair of 2008 and 2009 Annual Review of Plant Biology articles. As new science is published and new techniques like genome editing emerge, reanalysis of some of these issues, and a look at emerging issues, is warranted. Herein, an analysis of relevant scientific literature is used to present a scientific perspective on selected topics related to genetic engineering and genome editing.

Genetic engineering of cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferases

Biomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-152
Author(s):  
Ан.Х. Баймиев ◽  
Е.А. Гильванова ◽  
П.Ю. Мильман ◽  
Р.Т. Матниязов ◽  
Ал.Х. Баймиев
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Methylotrophic Yeast ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Site Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Paenibacillus Macerans ◽  
Strict Specificity

Studies of cyclic oligosaccharides from six, seven and eight glucose residues, designated as alpha-, beta- and gamma-cyclodextrins, respectively, and everything related to them have been going on for 130 years. In this review, the history of the study of these molecules is briefly considered. The interest in cyclodextrins is caused by their ability to form inclusion complexes with a number of organic and inorganic compounds, radically changing some of their properties. This is widely used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries, and beta-cyclodextrin is even registered as a food additive E459. Cyclodextrins are obtained from starch under the action of cyclodextringlucanotransferase (CGTase) enzymes, a characteristic feature of which is their non-strict specificity in relation to the types of oligosaccharides produced. The main producers of these enzymes are a group of bacteria of the order Bacillales, which unites several families (Paenibacillaceae, Bacillaceae, Thermoactynomicetaceae, etc.), but in last years CGTases have been found in a wide range of bacteria and archaea. The genetic engineering of CGTases began in the middle of 1980s, after the CGTase gene from Paenibacillus macerans (formerly Bacillus macerans) was cloned and sequenced for the first time, and during this period rather noticeable progress was made in understanding the organization and functioning of these enzymes, including using X-ray diffraction analysis. With the help of site-directed mutagenesis, error-prone PCR, as well as by creating chimeric forms of these enzymes, certain successes have been achieved in recent decades in changing (improving) the specificity of their action. Suitable leader peptides are used to increase the synthesis and secretion of genetically engineered CGTases, and various heterologous producers are also proposed, including the bacteria Escherichia coli, B.subtilis, Lactococcus lactis and the methylotrophic yeast Koagataella phaffii.

scholarly journals Genetically engineering milk

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Bruce A. Whitelaw ◽  
Akshay Joshi ◽  
Satish Kumar ◽  
Simon G. Lillico ◽  
Chris Proudfoot
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Grand Challenge ◽  
World Population ◽  
Precision Breeding ◽  
Dairy Animals ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Investigation And Study

It has been thirty years since the first genetically engineered animal with altered milk composition was reported. During the intervening years, the world population has increased from 5bn to 7bn people. An increasing demand for protein in the human diet has followed this population expansion, putting huge stress on the food supply chain. Many solutions to the grand challenge of food security for all have been proposed and are currently under investigation and study. Amongst these, genetics still has an important role to play, aiming to continually enable the selection of livestock with enhanced traits. Part of the geneticist's tool box is the technology of genetic engineering. In this Invited Review, we indicate that this technology has come a long way, we focus on the genetic engineering of dairy animals and we argue that the new strategies for precision breeding demand proper evaluation as to how they could contribute to the essential increases in agricultural productivity our society must achieve.

Agricultural Biotechnology Is Much More Than Herbicide-Tolerant Crops

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry I. Miller ◽  
Robert Wager
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Agricultural Biotechnology ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Essential Aspect ◽  
Herbicide Tolerant

Herbicide-tolerant genetically engineered (GE) plants have been a lightning rod for activists, who regularly attack them, citing a number of spurious objections. Contrary to their claims, the plants do not contain herbicides; rather they are resistant to the herbicides, in order to make weed control – an essential aspect of farming – more efficient and cost-effective. But molecular genetic engineering applied to crops has made monumental contributions in addition to herbicide-resistance, and these are discussed.

scholarly journals Genetically engineered orange petunias on the market

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hany Bashandy ◽  
Teemu H. Teeri
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Breeding Programmes

AbstractGenetic engineering of petunia was shown to lead to novel flower color some twenty years ago. Here we show that petunia lines with orange flowers, generated for scientific purposes, apparently found their way to petunia breeding programmes, intentionally or unintentionally. Today they are widely available, but have not been registered for commerce.

scholarly journals Genetic Engineering Materials Bank of The National Center for Biotechnology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sarsen ◽  
M. Saginova ◽  
B. Mukanov ◽  
S. Aktayeva ◽  
Zh. Akishev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Applied Science ◽  
Coli Strain ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Plasmid Vectors ◽  
Recombinant Strains ◽  
Competent Cells ◽  
Engineered Materials ◽  
Engineering Materials

For the development of science-intensive technologies in biology, biotechnology and medicine, it is necessary to store valuable DNA samples: genes of enzymes, antigens, proteins for various purposes, and DNA loci in a depository. Storing DNA is inexpensive, and having such a depository will reduce the time spent on research in basic and applied science. The genetically engineered materials bank has been formed at the National center for biotechnology. Now, the bank has 88 samples of cloned genes of enzymes, antigens, proteins and diagnostically significant loci. Plasmid vectors with cloned genes are stored at a temperature -20°С. Besides competent cells of Escherichia coli strain DH5α were transformed with vectors and recombinant strains were isolated. Recombinant strains carrying the required plasmid vectors are stored for cryopreservation at a temperature -80°С.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document