African swine fever in eastern Europe: the risk to the UK

2017 ◽  
Vol 181 (10) ◽  
pp. 261-262 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Disease Monitoring ◽  
The Uk

This article has been prepared by Helen Roberts of the Defra/APHA International Disease Monitoring team

Disease surveillance in England and Wales, August 2017

2017 ◽  
Vol 181 (10) ◽  
pp. 257-260 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Plant Health ◽  
List Type ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Surveillance Report ◽  
Emerging Issues ◽  
The Uk

Current and emerging issues: psoroptic mange in cattleHighlights from the scanning surveillance networkUpdate on international disease threatsAfrican swine fever in eastern Europe and the risk to the UKThese are among matters discussed in the Animal and Plant Health Agency’s (APHA’s) disease surveillance report for August 2017

scholarly journals Differential Effect of the Deletion of African Swine Fever Virus Virulence-Associated Genes in the Induction of Attenuation of the Highly Virulent Georgia Strain

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Ramirez-Medina ◽  
Elizabeth Vuono ◽  
Vivian O’Donnell ◽  
Lauren G. Holinka ◽  
Ediane Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Gene Deletion ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Early Death ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Differential Behavior ◽  
Viral Genes ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Highly Virulent

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the etiological agent of an often lethal disease of domestic pigs, African swine fever (ASF). The ASFV Georgia 2007 isolate (ASFV-G) is responsible for the current epidemic situation in Europe and Asia. Genetically modified ASFVs containing deletions of virulence-associated genes have produced attenuated phenotypes and induced protective immunity in swine. Here we describe the differential behavior of two viral genes, NL (DP71L) and UK (DP96R), both originally described as being involved in virus virulence. Deletion of either of these genes efficiently attenuated ASFV strain E70. We demonstrated that deletion of the UK gene from the ASFV-G genome did not decrease virulence when compared to the parental virus. Conversely, deletion of the NL gene produced a heterogeneous response, with early death in one of the animals and transient fever in the other animals. With this knowledge, we attempted to increase the safety profile of the previously reported experimental vaccine ASFV-GΔ9GL/ΔUK by deleting the NL gene. A triple gene-deletion virus was produced, ASFV-GΔ9GL/ΔNL/ΔUK. Although ASFV-GΔ9GL/ΔNL/ΔUK replicated in primary cell cultures of swine macrophages, it demonstrated a severe replication deficiency in pigs, failing to induce protection against challenge with parental ASFV-G.

Values and Significance: A case study uncovering the search for meaning among young people in Central and Eastern Europe

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-63
Author(s):  
Sarah Dunlop
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Search For Meaning ◽  
Traditional Church ◽  
Living Space ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Uk

This paper will present a few of the results of qualitative, case study research conducted among students in six cities in Central and Eastern Europe. It will describe the use of images in interviews and how this enabled digging beyond cultural, customary religious belief to uncover a search for ultimate meaning and spirituality. A summary of the findings regarding the emerging values of the young people and their descriptions of what is significant to them in life will be related to Savage, Collins-Mayo and Mayo's research conducted in the UK, specifically to their theories of formative and transformative spirituality and the happy midi-narrative. The tension between a young person's actual situation and their dream about their ideal life will be discussed in terms of the research findings regarding the students' use of celebrity images in their living space. The young people's values, as they emerged from the research, will be contrasted with the values and practices of churches in this region, as seen through the young people's perceptions of traditional church and as articulated by local church leaders. The paper will include a short analysis of the current religious situation in former Soviet countries in light of the finding of the research..

scholarly journals Implicit dialogical premises, explanation as argument: A corpus-based reconstruction

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kieran O'Halloran
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Newspaper Article ◽  
The Uk

This paper focuses on an explanation in a newspaper article: why new European Union citizens will come to the UK from Eastern Europe (e.g., because of available jobs). Using a corpus-based method of analysis, I show how regular target readers have been positioned to generate premises in dialogue with the explanation propositions, and thus into an understanding of the explanation as an argument, one which contains a biased conclusion not apparent in the text. Employing this method, and in particular ‘corpus comparative statistical keywords’, I show how two issues can be freshly looked at: implicit premise recovery; the argument/explanation distinction.

Defra taking action to prevent African swine fever in the UK

2019 ◽  
Vol 185 (5) ◽  
pp. 124-125 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
African Swine Fever ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Taking Action

Josh Loeb outlines new government measures to tackle the disease that is steadily making its way through Europe

scholarly journals African Swine Fever Status in Europe

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemyslaw Cwynar ◽  
Jane Stojkov ◽  
Klaudia Wlazlak
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Wild Boar Population ◽  
Domestic Pig ◽  
Domestic Pigs ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Virus Spreading

African Swine Fever (ASF) is a highly contagious disease that affects the domestic pig and wild boar population. The aim of this study was to describe the introduction and spread of the ASF virus in Western Europe (1960–1995) and in Eastern Europe (2007–2018), with particular emphasis on the current ASF situation in Poland and its challenges and future perspectives. The first ASF outbreak in Europe was reported in Portugal in 1957, with the virus spreading over most of Western Europe over the next 30 years. In Eastern Europe, the virus was first observed in Georgia in 2007, from where the disease spread quickly to other neighboring countries, reaching Poland in 2014. Since then, there have been 3341 confirmed cases in the wild boar population in Poland. Although there have been no confirmed cases of wild boars coming into contact with domestic pigs, the first notified case concerning domestic pigs was reported in July 2014. Since then, there have been a total of 213 confirmed outbreaks of ASF on Polish pig farms. Given the virulence of the ASF virus and the myriad of transmission routes across Europe, the monitoring of this disease must be a priority for Europe.

scholarly journals With or without a Vaccine—A Review of Complementary and Alternative Approaches to Managing African Swine Fever in Resource-Constrained Smallholder Settings

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Mary-Louise Penrith ◽  
Armanda Bastos ◽  
Erika Chenais
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Domestic Pig ◽  
Innate Resistance ◽  
Pig Farming ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
Free Ranging

The spectacular recent spread of African swine fever (ASF) in Eastern Europe and Asia has been strongly associated, as it is in the endemic areas in Africa, with free-ranging pig populations and low-biosecurity backyard pig farming. Managing the disease in wild boar populations and in circumstances where the disease in domestic pigs is largely driven by poverty is particularly challenging and may remain so even in the presence of effective vaccines. The only option currently available to prevent ASF is strict biosecurity. Among small-scale pig farmers biosecurity measures are often considered unaffordable or impossible to implement. However, as outbreaks of ASF are also unaffordable, the adoption of basic biosecurity measures is imperative to achieve control and prevent losses. Biosecurity measures can be adapted to fit smallholder contexts, culture and costs. A longer-term approach that could prove valuable particularly for free-ranging pig populations would be exploitation of innate resistance to the virus, which is fully effective in wild African suids and has been observed in some domestic pig populations in areas of prolonged endemicity. We explore available options for preventing ASF in terms of feasibility, practicality and affordability among domestic pig populations that are at greatest risk of exposure to ASF.

scholarly journals The European Struggle to Educate and Include Roma People: A Critique of Differences in Policy and Practice in Western and Eastern EU Countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine O'Hanlon
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Educational Inequalities ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
Roma People ◽  
Treaty Of Rome ◽  
The Uk

Multiculturalism is an established feature of the UK and other European States since the establishment of the Treaty of Rome in 1959. Enlargement has brought EU membership from six (1952) to twenty eight members since its foundation, and allowed free migration across its borders. However, many countries, in spite of agreements to adhere to ‘democratic’ practices, deny minority citizens their full rights, particularly in education contexts. Some recent accession EU States have education systems that are less adaptive to expected policy responsibilities. It is a more unstable aspect of Eastern Europe because of the failure of many of these countries to reduce social and educational inequalities and to establish rights for minority groups, particularly the Roma. An educational focus is used as a platform to highlight issues re the segregation, and discrimination against, Roma children in Europe, typically through the use of special education, which is not suitable for them. Europe generally, both East and West has failed to fully integrate the Roma. Often, institutional blame is placed on Roma communities, rather than situate them socially and economically due to ingrained structural inequalities. Stereotyped categories are often used to ‘label’ them. Countries with high Roma populations, four in Western and five in Eastern Europe are evaluated and compared in relation to the education of Roma children.

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