scholarly journals What makes a Salmonella strain epidemic? An expert opinion workshop

2011 ◽  
Vol 168 (4) ◽  
pp. 98-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Brouwer ◽  
A. Hill ◽  
M. J. Woodward
Keyword(s):  
Expert Opinion ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Epidemic Strain ◽  
Livestock Population ◽  
Cluster Group ◽  
Control Options ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Time To Detection ◽  
The Uk ◽  
And Control

An expert opinion workshop was held on the subject of the cause, identification and control of new and emerging Salmonella strains. Experts were invited to complete questionnaires, contribute to structured discussions and take part in cluster group tasks. Outputs of the workshop included that, with current surveillance methods, it might take up to 2.5 years from the first introduction of a new strain into the UK livestock population to its identification as a human epidemic strain. In order to reduce the time to detection and provide more effective control options, several recommendations were made, including better back-tracing of human cases to their source, which would require more effective communication between those responsible for human and veterinary surveillance.

What’s Wrong with Behrami and Saramati? Revisiting the Dichotomy between UN Peacekeeping and UN-authorized Operations in Terms of Attribution

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohei Okada
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Control Test ◽  
Full Account ◽  
Un Peacekeeping ◽  
European Court ◽  
Domestic Courts ◽  
Harsh Criticism ◽  
The Uk ◽  
And Control

Abstract The Behrami and Saramati decision of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) has invited severe censure for discarding the well-established dichotomy between UN peacekeeping and UN-authorized operations, and applying the ultimate authority and control test instead of the effective control test for the purpose of attribution in the context of the UN-authorized operation in Kosovo. Harsh criticism notwithstanding, in Serdar Mohammed and Kontic, the domestic courts in the UK have recently followed the Behrami and Saramati approach. In Kontic, nearly 10 years after the Behrami and Saramati decision, the court found that the approach taken by the ECtHR was ‘persuasive authority of the very weightiest kind’. Therefore, it is high time for Behrami and Saramati to be revisited. This study argues that the ECtHR did apply the effective control test along with the ultimate authority and control test in Behrami and Saramati, and that the UK courts aligned themselves with this approach. The Behrami and Saramati decision was not fundamentally wrong as a matter of interpretation and the conclusion reached by the ECtHR that the misconduct was not attributable to the respondent states was not manifestly absurd. Nevertheless, the decision was not without deficiency because it failed to take full account of the delicate equilibrium that the effective control test seeks. The present study aims to precisely identify what was wrong with the decision.

13. Corporate management

Company Law ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 275-320
Author(s):  
Alan Dignam ◽  
John Lowry
Keyword(s):  
Board Of Directors ◽  
General Meeting ◽  
Company Law ◽  
Corporate Management ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
The Board Of Directors ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Uk ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

Titles in the Core Text series take the reader straight to the heart of the subject, providing focused, concise, and reliable guides for students at all levels. This chapter deals with corporate management, focusing on those individuals who are responsible for making key strategic decisions within the company, namely the members of the board of directors. It begins by tracing the emergence of the professional managerial organ, with emphasis on the separation of ownership and control and the recognition of directorial autonomy. It then considers the relationship between directors and the general meeting, how directors are appointed, categories of directors, principle and policy governing directors’ remuneration, and the fiduciary nature of the office. The issues surrounding corporate governance are also examined, along with the approach of company law in the UK with regards to the structure and functions of the board of directors. Finally, the chapter discusses vacation, removal from office, and disqualification of directors as well as recent statutory reforms (the Small Business, Enterprise and Employment Act 2015) aimed at bolstering the disqualification regime.

Description, Bionomics and Control of the Giant Mealybug, Drosicha stebbingi, Green (Homoptera: Coccidae)

1944 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khan A. Rahman ◽  
M. Abdul Latif
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Central India ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Control ◽  
First Time

The giant mealybug, Drosicha stebbingi, Green, which occurs in Northern and Central India, was described for the first time in 1900. Observations on its life-history and control have been made by Stebbing (1899–1903) at Dehra Dun, Lefroy (1908) and Dutt (1925) at Pusa, Richards & Sharma (1934) at Cawnpore, and Misra & Rao (1938) at Benares. Savage (1914) investigated the respiratory system of the female. Hingston (1929) made observations in Central India. Beeson (1941) has briefly recapitulated its life-history and control. Though it has thus been the subject of investigation by a number of workers since 1900, the information so far collected is far from complete. No effective control has yet been devised, for the existing methods of combating it are directed towards preventing the fertilised females from descending the trees and entering the soil to oviposit, and this is after the damage has been done. Its habits, which have an important bearing on its control, have not yet been fully studied, and the present investigations were, therefore, undertaken in 1938. The results are presented in this paper.

13. Corporate management

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Dignam ◽  
John Lowry
Keyword(s):  
Board Of Directors ◽  
General Meeting ◽  
Company Law ◽  
Corporate Management ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
The Board Of Directors ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Uk ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

Titles in the Core Text series take the reader straight to the heart of the subject, providing focused, concise, and reliable guides for students at all levels. This chapter deals with corporate management, focusing on those individuals who are responsible for making key strategic decisions within the company, namely the members of the board of directors. It begins by tracing the emergence of the professional managerial organ, with emphasis on the separation of ownership and control and the recognition of directorial autonomy. It then considers the relationship between directors and the general meeting, how directors are appointed, categories of directors, principle and policy governing directors’ remuneration, and the fiduciary nature of the office. The issues surrounding corporate governance are also examined, along with the approach of company law in the UK with regards to the structure and functions of the board of directors. Finally, the chapter discusses vacation, removal from office, and disqualification of directors as well as recent statutory reforms (the Small Business, Enterprise and Employment Act 2015) aimed at bolstering the disqualification regime.

13. Corporate management

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Dignam ◽  
John Lowry
Keyword(s):  
Board Of Directors ◽  
General Meeting ◽  
Company Law ◽  
Corporate Management ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
The Board Of Directors ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Uk ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

Titles in the Core Text series take the reader straight to the heart of the subject, providing focused, concise, and reliable guides for students at all levels. This chapter deals with corporate management, focusing on those individuals who are responsible for making key strategic decisions within the company, namely the members of the board of directors. It begins by tracing the emergence of the professional managerial organ, with emphasis on the separation of ownership and control and the recognition of directorial autonomy. It then considers the relationship between directors and the general meeting, how directors are appointed, categories of directors, principle and policy governing directors’ remuneration, and the fiduciary nature of the office. The issues surrounding corporate governance are also examined, along with the approach of company law in the UK with regards to the structure and functions of the board of directors. Finally, the chapter discusses vacation, removal from office, and disqualification of directors as well as recent statutory reforms (the Small Business, Enterprise and Employment Act 2015) aimed at bolstering the disqualification regime.

Commentary on “Australia’s National Disability Insurance Scheme: a collaboration opportunity for academia and industry”

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-149
Author(s):  
Rob Greig
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Disability Insurance ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Personal Perspective ◽  
Insurance Scheme ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Uk ◽  
And Control

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a UK perspective on the article by Mason et al. on Australia’s National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS). Design/methodology/approach A commentary on the main article, drawing on the author’s knowledge and experience of the implementation of personalisation in the UK and information gleaned during a recent visit to Australia. Findings There is a major risk that the implementation of NDIS will repeat some of the failings of personalisation in the UK. Specifically, the failures of public bodies to invest in supporting people to take effective control over the resources available to them, and to instigate action to manage the emerging market in ways that promote innovative community options, risk the forces of the free market economy undermining disabled people’s ability to make maximum use of any new choice and control open to them. Originality/value This is a personal perspective, backed by experience, on a current policy development that is of international interest.

THE EFFECT OF APPLYING DEMONSTRATION METHOD ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN SPEAKING SKILL AT THE THIRD GRADE OF SMK PAB 3 MEDAN ESTATE

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meryanti Napitupulu And Anni Holila Pulungan
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vocational High School ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Speaking Test ◽  
The Third ◽  
Speaking Skill ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

This study was conducted as an attempt to discover the effect of applying Demonstration Method on students’ achievement in speaking skill. It was an experimental research. The subject was students of Grade XII, Vocational High School (Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan: SMK), which consisted of 79 students. The research was divided into two groups: experimental and control groups. The instrument used to collect the data was speaking test. To obtain the reliability of the test, the writer applied Kuder Richardson 21 formula. The result of the reliability was 0.7, and it was found that the test was reliable. The data were analyzed by using t-test formula. The analysis showed that the scores of the students in the experimental group were significantly higher than the scores of the students in the control group at the level of significant m = 0.05 with the degree of freedom (df) 77, t-observed value 8.9 > t-table value 1.99. The findings indicate that using Demonstration Method significantly affected the students’ achievement in speaking skill. So, English teachers are suggested to use Demonstration Method in order to improve students’ achievement in speaking skill.

A positive psychology study and intervention on the well-being of French PhD students in biology

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Marais ◽  
Rebecca Shankland ◽  
Pascale Haag ◽  
Robin Fiault ◽  
Bridget Juniper
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Positive Psychology ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Reference Sample ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Attrition Rates ◽  
Human Costs ◽  
The Uk ◽  
And Control ◽  
Health And Well Being

In France, little data are available on mental health and well-being in academia, and nothing has been published about PhD students. From studies abroad, we know that doing a PhD is a difficult experience resulting in high attrition rates with significant financial and human costs. Here we focused on PhD students in biology at university Lyon 1. A first study aimed at measuring the mental health and well-being of PhD students using several generalist and PhD-specific tools. Our results on 136 participants showed that a large fraction of the PhD students experience abnormal levels of stress, depression and anxiety, and their mean well-being score is significantly lower than that of a British reference sample. French PhD student well-being is specifically affected by career uncertainty, perceived lack of progress in the PhD and perceived lack of competence, which points towards possible cultural differences of experiencing a PhD in France and the UK. In a second study, we carried out a positive psychology intervention. Comparing the scores of the test and control groups showed a clear effect of the intervention on reducing anxiety. We discuss our results and the possible future steps to improve French PhD students’ well-being.

The Implementation of Learning Materials Based on Local Wisdom of Agricultural in Binjai to Improve the Students Problem Solving Abilities

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Tsalits Fahman Mughni
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Control Group ◽  
School Grade ◽  
Teaching Materials ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Equivalent Control ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

Teaching materials by integrating local culture makes easier for students to understand the subject matter in the learning process. The aims of the study is to measure the effectiveness of teaching materials based on local wisdom of agriculture in Binjai in improving the students problem solving abilities. The research method was a quasi experimental which use non equivalent control group in the pretest posttest design. The sample of study were students of Senior High School grade X in Binjai that consisted of experiment group which used teaching materials based on local wisdom of agriculture in Binjai and control group that used student handbooks. Teaching materials are tested by material experts and technology experts to ensure the quality of teaching materials. Data collection was conducted through test. The results showed that the teaching materials based on local wisdom of agriculture in Binjai effective in improving students problem solving abilities in the experimental group students based on the results of N gain value was 0.67 which has medium criteria. It means teaching materials based on agricultural local wisdom of agriculture in Binjai can be used as one of the teaching materials in learning activities.

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