Comparison of the virulence of European and African isolates of Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides small colony type

2000 ◽  
Vol 147 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. March ◽  
M. Brodlie
Keyword(s):  
Colony Type ◽  
Mycoplasma Mycoides ◽  
Small Colony

scholarly journals Variable Surface Protein Vmm of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides Small Colony Type

2002 ◽  
Vol 184 (13) ◽  
pp. 3712-3722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Persson ◽  
Karin Jacobsson ◽  
Lars Frykberg ◽  
Karl-Erik Johansson ◽  
François Poumarat
Keyword(s):  
Phase Variation ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Colony Type ◽  
Mycoplasma Capricolum ◽  
Binding Epitope ◽  
Variable Surface ◽  
Mycoplasma Mycoides ◽  
Small Colony ◽  
Reversible Phase

ABSTRACT A variable surface protein, Vmm, of the bovine pathogen Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony type (M. mycoides SC) has been identified and characterized. Vmm was specific for the SC biotype and was expressed by 68 of 69 analyzed M. mycoides SC strains. The protein was found to undergo reversible phase variation at a frequency of 9 × 10−4 to 5 × 10−5 per cell per generation. The vmm gene was present in all of the 69 tested M. mycoides SC strains and encodes a lipoprotein precursor of 59 amino acids (aa), where the mature protein was predicted to be 36 aa and was anchored to the membrane by only the lipid moiety, as no transmembrane region could be identified. DNA sequencing of the vmm gene region from ON and OFF clones showed that the expression of Vmm was regulated at the transcriptional level by dinucleotide insertions or deletions in a repetitive region of the promoter spacer. Vmm-like genes were also found in four closely related mycoplasmas, Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum, M. capricolum subsp . capripneumoniae, Mycoplasma sp. bovine serogroup 7, and Mycoplasma putrefaciens. However, Vmm could not be detected in whole-cell lysates of these species, suggesting that the proteins encoded by the vmm-like genes lack the binding epitope for the monoclonal antibody used in this study or, alternatively, that the Vmm-like proteins were not expressed.

Characterization of the gene for an immunodominant 72 kDa lipoprotein of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony type

Microbiology ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 142 (12) ◽  
pp. 3515-3524 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Cheng ◽  
J. Nicolet ◽  
R. Miserez ◽  
P. Kuhnert ◽  
M. Krampe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colony Type ◽  
Mycoplasma Mycoides ◽  
Small Colony

scholarly journals Phage display-based identification and potential diagnostic application of novel antigens from Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony type

2010 ◽  
Vol 142 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 285-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamoon Naseem ◽  
Jochen Meens ◽  
Joerg Jores ◽  
Martin Heller ◽  
Stefan Dübel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phage Display ◽  
Colony Type ◽  
Diagnostic Application ◽  
Mycoplasma Mycoides ◽  
Small Colony

Humoral and bronchial immune responses in cattle experimentally infected with Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony type

1998 ◽  
Vol 59 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 109-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
El-Mostafa Abdo ◽  
Jacques Nicolet ◽  
Raymond Miserez ◽  
Rosario Gonçalves ◽  
José Regalla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Colony Type ◽  
Mycoplasma Mycoides ◽  
Small Colony

scholarly journals IS1634, a Novel Insertion Element Creating Long, Variable-Length Direct Repeats Which Is Specific for Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides Small-Colony Type

1999 ◽  
Vol 181 (4) ◽  
pp. 1319-1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edy M. Vilei ◽  
Jacques Nicolet ◽  
Joachim Frey
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Smegmatis ◽  
Insertion Sequence ◽  
Variable Length ◽  
Direct Repeats ◽  
Insertion Element ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Colony Type ◽  
New Class ◽  
Mycoplasma Mycoides ◽  
Small Colony

ABSTRACT A new insertion sequence, IS1634, has been identified in Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoidessmall-colony type (SC). IS1634 shows structural and functional similarities to IS1549 of Mycobacterium smegmatis and with it seems to form a new class or family of insertion sequences. IS1634 has a size of 1,872 bp, including two 13-bp terminal inverted repeats. It contains an open reading frame (ORF) encoding a product of 533 amino acids which shows similarity to the transposase of IS1549 and to a lesser extent to the transposases of IS elements of the IS4family. IS1634 is present at about 30 copies in the genome of all 22 different field strains of M. mycoides subsp. mycoides SC tested. Characteristic of IS1634 are the long and variable-length direct repeats at the sites of insertion which were found to reach up to about 500 bp. IS1634 is specific to M. mycoides subsp. mycoides SC and is not present in any of the other members of the M. mycoidescluster. Neither was it found in other closely relatedMycoplasma species of ruminants.

scholarly journals Characterization of Strains of Mycoplasma mycoidessubsp. mycoides Small Colony Type Isolated from Recent Outbreaks of Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia in Botswana and Tanzania: Evidence for a New Biotype

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 1419-1425 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. March ◽  
Jason Clark ◽  
Malcolm Brodlie
Keyword(s):  
Capsular Polysaccharide ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Colony Type ◽  
Protective Antigens ◽  
Mycoplasma Mycoides ◽  
Small Colony

Four strains of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp.mycoides small colony type (MmmSC) isolated from recent outbreaks of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) in Africa have been investigated. One Botswanan strain, M375, displayed numerous and significant phenotypic differences from both contemporary field isolates and older field and vaccine strains (African, Australian, and European strains dating back to 1936). Differences include altered morphology, reduced capsular polysaccharide production, high sensitivity to MmmSC rabbit hyperimmune antisera in vitro, and unique polymorphisms following immunoblotting. While insertion sequence analysis using IS1634 clearly indicates a close evolutionary relationship to west African strains, hybridization with IS1296 shows the absence of a band present in all other strains of MmmSC examined. The data suggest that a deletion has occurred in strain M375, which may explain its altered phenotype, including poor growth in vitro and a relative inability to cause septicemia in mice. These characteristics are also exhibited byMycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae(causal agent of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia [CCPP]), against which M375 antiserum exhibited some activity in vitro (unique among the various MmmSC antisera tested). These findings may have evolutionary implications, since CCPP is believed to be lung specific and without a septicemic phase (unlike CBPP). Since M375 was isolated from a clinical case of CBPP, this novel biotype may be fairly widespread but not normally isolated due to difficulty of culture and/or a potentially altered disease syndrome. Bovine convalescent antisera (obtained from contemporary naturally infected cattle in Botswana) were active against strain M375 in an in vitro growth inhibition test but not against any other strains of MmmSC tested. There exists the possibility therefore, that strain M375 may possess a set of protective antigens different from those of other strains of MmmSC (including vaccine strains). These findings have implications for the control of the current CBPP epidemic in Africa.

scholarly journals Assessing the In Vitro Effectiveness of Antimicrobials against Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides Small-Colony Type To Reduce Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia Infection

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 5162-5165 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Ayling ◽  
S. Bisgaard-Frantzen ◽  
J. B. March ◽  
K. Godinho ◽  
R. A. J. Nicholas
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia ◽  
Colony Type ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Mycoplasma Mycoides ◽  
Small Colony

ABSTRACT In vitro minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined for 21 antimicrobials against 41 isolates of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small-colony type, the cause of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. Of the antimicrobials used most widely in Africa, oxytetracycline and tilmicosin were effective, while the isolates were resistant to tylosin. These results provide a baseline for monitoring antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals Cytotoxicity of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides Small Colony Type to Bovine Epithelial Cells

2007 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 263-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela F. Bischof ◽  
Carole Janis ◽  
Edy M. Vilei ◽  
Giuseppe Bertoni ◽  
Joachim Frey
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Uptake System ◽  
Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia ◽  
Colony Type ◽  
Mycoplasma Mycoides ◽  
Small Colony ◽  
High Cytotoxicity

ABSTRACT The cytotoxicities of various strains of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony type (SC), the agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), were measured in vitro using embryonic calf nasal epithelial (ECaNEp) cells. Strains isolated from acute cases of CBPP induced high cytotoxicity in the presence of glycerol, concomitant with the release of large amounts of toxic H2O2 that were found to be translocated into the cytoplasms of the host cells by close contact of the Mycoplasma strains with the host cells. Currently used vaccine strains also showed high cytotoxicity and high H2O2 release, indicating that they are attenuated in another virulence attribute. Strains isolated from recent European outbreaks of CBPP with mild clinical signs, which are characterized by a defect in the glycerol uptake system, released small amounts of H2O2 and showed low cytotoxicity to ECaNEp cells. M. mycoides subsp. mycoides SC strain PG1 released large amounts of H2O2 but was only slightly cytotoxic. PG1 was found to have a reduced capacity to bind to ECaNEp cells and was unable to translocate H2O2 into the bovine cells, in contrast to virulent strains that release large amounts of H2O2. Thus, an efficient translocation of H2O2 into host cells is a prerequisite for the cytotoxic effect and requires an intact adhesion mechanism to ensure a close contact between mycoplasmas and host cells.

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