Description of digital fluoroscopic excretory urography in healthy New Zealand rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

2018 ◽  
Vol 183 (18) ◽  
pp. 568-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul Altuzarra ◽  
Laura Vilalta ◽  
Jaume Martorell ◽  
Rosa Novellas ◽  
Yvonne Espada
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Median Time ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Oryctolagus Cuniculus ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Excretory Urography ◽  
Contrast Study ◽  
New Zealand Rabbits

Disorders of the kidneys and urinary tract are relatively common in rabbits. Survey radiographs and abdominal ultrasound have inherent limitations in the evaluation of the urinary tract in this species; because of that, contrast study modalities are a valuable diagnostic tool in rabbits with urinary disorders. The aims of this study were to describe digital fluoroscopic excretory urography (DFEU) and to determine the urogram phases in healthy New Zealand rabbits. The median time of beginning of the nephrographic and pyelographic phases was 10 seconds (IQR: 10–12 seconds) and 1.39 minutes (IQR: 1.27–1.60 minutes). The median time in which the contrast medium was visible in the urinary bladder was 1.58 minutes (IQR: 1.44–1.72 minutes). Results of this study indicate that DFEU provides a good degree of opacification of the kidneys as well as the ureters, and allows the evaluation of the urogram phases. Text not justifed in the proof version

Spotlight counts for assessing abundance of rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus L.)

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 609 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Fletcher ◽  
Henrik Moller ◽  
B. Kay Clapperton
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Oryctolagus Cuniculus ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Mackenzie Basin ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Kill Rate ◽  
Unexplained Variance ◽  
New Zealand Rabbits

We determined the precision of spotlight counts of rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus L.) and their accuracy as estimates of density, by making counts from a motorcycle along 17 1-km transects in the Mackenzie Basin, New Zealand. Rabbits were poisoned and density per 1-ha quadrat was measured. Precision of spotlight counts would be between 5–28% and 6–39%, using impracticably large numbers of counts, even allowing for the effects of snow and heavy rain, observer bias and number of runs per night. Spatial and unexplained variance would result in even less precise counts using 25 transects and 1–5 nights. Actual rabbit densities explained only 41% of the variance in spotlight counts. Confidence intervals of absolute rabbit densities are extremely large, especially when observed counts are high. At best, spotlight counts could be used to detect differences in actual rabbit abundance spanning an order of magnitude or more. Observed reduction in spotlight counts is likely to underestimate reduction in actual density because the spotlight count index ‘saturates’ at high rabbit density. However, spotlight counts along fixed transects before and after a control operation can be used to estimate percentage kill with acceptable precision if the kill rate is at least 80%.

scholarly journals Topography, irrigation, and histology of the thyroid gland of New Zealand rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus Linnaeus, 1758)

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-229
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Silva Borges ◽  
Lorena Tannus Menezes ◽  
Lázaro Antonio dos Santos ◽  
Gustavo Cavinato Herrera ◽  
Gustavo Lucio França ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Oryctolagus Cuniculus ◽  
New Zealand Rabbits

scholarly journals HEPATO-NEPHROPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF NIGELLA SATIVA OIL ON PARACETAMOL-INDUCED NEW ZEALAND RABBITS (ORYCTOLAGUS CUNICULUS)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
Nadhira M. Dinar ◽  
Sheila Pratiwi ◽  
Rain Kihara ◽  
Nadia G. Paramita ◽  
Nazilla R. Fathurrahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Oryctolagus Cuniculus ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Nigella Sativa Oil ◽  
Oral Group ◽  
Nephroprotective Activity ◽  
Per Oral ◽  
New Zealand Rabbits

Objective: The objective of this work was to investigate the hepato-nephroprotective activity of Nigella sativa (Ranunculaceae) oil on paracetamol-induced New Zealand rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus).Methods: Hepato-nephroprotective activity of Nigella sativa oil was demonstrated on six groups of paracetamol-induced New Zealand rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) aged 3-4 mo, three in each group (2 males, 1 female). Group I was normal control (water 1.0 ml/kg of body weight per oral), group II was negative control (water 1.0 ml/kg of body weight per oral), group III was positive control (silymarin 100 mg/kg of body weight per oral), group IV-VI were treated with Nigella sativa oil (NSO) dose of 0.5 mg/kg of body weight, 1.0 mg/kg of body weight, and 2.0 mg/kg of body weight per oral, respectively, for 15 d. At the 16th day, rabbits in group II-VI were induced with paracetamol at a dose of 600 mg/kg of body weight per oral. At the 23rd day the animals were measured for their clinical biochemistry parameters and histological examination.Results: Paracetamol administration dose of 600 mg/kg of BW resulted in the elevation of serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), and ureum-N levels of the animals, particularly in group II which was treated only with paracetamol. Normal histology of the liver defines the clear shape of the terminal hepatic venule (THV)/central vein (CV) and sinusoids, whereas that of the kidney defines clear shape of the Bowman capsule and glomerulus shape. Qualitative histological examination of the liver showed that the THV/CV in all groups was normal, however in the paracetamol-treated group, the sinusoids were dilated, necrosis and mass apoptosis were detected. Dilated sinusoids were observed in the silymarin group and in the lower and medium doses of NSO groups. In the highest dose of NSO group the THV/CV and sinusoids were normal, but a local apoptosis and fat degeneration were detected. Qualitative histological examination of the kidney indicated that there was no abnormality of the glomerulus shape, however, mass apoptosis and local necrosis of the kidney were found in the paracetamol-treated group and the silymarin-treated group. The lowest dose of the NSO-treated group showed a normal shape of glomerulus and Bowman capsule, normal apoptosis. No necrosis was observed in the rabbit’s kidney. Higher doses of NSO groups indicated a normal glomerulus shape and Bowman capsule, mass apoptosis and local necrosis.Conclusion: In this study, Nigella sativa oil could maintain the normality of the THV/CV and sinusoids in the liver of paracetamol-induced New Zealand rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Normal glomerulus shape and Bowman capsule were also confirmed in the kidney of paracetamol-induced animals.

scholarly journals Native and contrast-radiographic examination of the urinary tract

2005 ◽  
Vol 58 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 415-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mira Govorcin ◽  
Dusan Hadnadjev ◽  
Sanja Stojanovic ◽  
Zorka Lucic ◽  
Ilona Lukac
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Plain Film ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Intravenous Urography ◽  
Excretory Urography ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Plain Films ◽  
Made In

Introduction Plain x-rays and contrast urography are important for diagnosing urinary tract diseases. The first plain film of the urinary tract was made in 1896, and the first tests using contrasts started in 1904. Excretory urography has been used since 1930. Plain film of the urinary tract Plain films of the urinary tract are used in the kidney area, the area of the ureter and urinary bladder. They also show structures (lumbar and sacral spine and pelvis), muscles (m. iliopsoas) as well as calculi. Excretory urography X-ray visualization of the urinary tract with contrast substances is intravenous urography. It is used for diagnosing diseases of the upper urinary system with symptoms such as: pain, colic, hydronephrosis, as well as acute cortical infections, urinary bladder tumors, etc. Retrograde urography Retrograde urography is a procedure recommended when either the pyelocalyx system or the ureter are not seen unilaterally or bilaterally. Cystography and urethrocystography Cystography is used to visualize the bladder. It is recommended in case of intravesical obstruction. Urethrocystography is a technique for investigation of the anterior and prostatic urethra as well as the neck of the urinary bladder. Conclusion Plain film of the urinary tract, excretory urography, retrograde pyelography, cystography and urethrocystography, used along with ultrasonography, computerized tomography and magnetic resonance, are useful diagnostic procedures which provide accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.

scholarly journals Tear production, intraocular pressure and conjunctival microbiota, cytology and histology of New Zealand rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 1024-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arianne P. Oriá ◽  
Deusdete C. Gomes Junior ◽  
Elane A. Arraes ◽  
Alessandra Estrela-Lima ◽  
Melissa H. Pinna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Oryctolagus Cuniculus ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Applanation Tonometry ◽  
Tear Production ◽  
Schirmer Tear Test ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
New Zealand Rabbits

The purpose of this study was to establish reference values for selected ophthalmic diagnostic tests in New Zealand rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). A total of 22 adult male rabbits were used. The ophthalmic tests included evaluation of tear production with Schirmer tear test 1(STT1) and Endodontic absorbent paper point tear test (EAPPTT) using two different commercial brand materials. Applanation tonometry, Culture of the conjunctival bacterial flora, , conjunctival cytology and conjunctival histology were also performed. Mean (±SD) for STT1, EAPPTTa, EAPPTTb and IOP was 7.27±2.51mm/min, 12.43±1.69mm/min, 15.24±2.07mm/min, 12.89±2.80mm Hg, respectively. Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus sp. and Bacillus sp. were predominant. The cytological evaluation revealed the presence columnar epithelial cells, superficial squamous keratinized cells, lymphocytes, heterophils, red blood cells, mucus and bacteria. The histological analysis revealed a stratified epithelium, characterized by the presence of columnar epithelial cells with a large number of goblet cells. The reported data can be used for therapeutic or experimental purposes.

scholarly journals Intramuscular Administration of Alfaxalone Alone and in Combination for Sedation and Anesthesia of Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P Bradley ◽  
Carolyn M Doerning ◽  
Megan H Nowland ◽  
Patrick A Lester
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Median Time ◽  
Oryctolagus Cuniculus ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Intramuscular Administration ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Main Portion ◽  
Noxious Stimuli ◽  
Time To Onset

This study compared alfaxalone, alone and in combination with other medications, for sedative and anesthetic properties after intramuscular administration in New Zealand white rabbits. In the main portion of the study, 6 female rabbits were assigned to 5 treatment regimens in a blinded crossover design. Alfaxalone (6 mg/kg IM) was administered alone and in combination with each of the following: 0.3 mg/kg butorphanol; 1 mg/kg midazolam; 0.2 mg/kg dexmedetomidine; and both 0.3 mg/kg butorphanol and 0.2 mg/kg dexmedetomidine. An additional 6 rabbits received 0.2 mg/kg dexmedetomidine for comparison. The median time to onset of recumbency ranged from 2.0 to 5.5 min, with times significantly shorter for animals that received alfaxalone with either midazolam or dexmedetomidine than for those given dexmedetomidine only. Duration of sedation (mean ± 1 SD) was: alfaxalone only, 40 ± 7.3 min; alfaxalone with butorphanol, 47.8 ± 9.9 min; alfaxalone with midazolam, 65.2 ± 6.5 min; alfaxalone with dexmedetomidine, 157.5 ± 22.4 min; alfaxalone with butorphanol and dexmedetomidine, 157.7 ± 22.3 min, and dexmedetomidine only, 93.7 ± 11.9 min. Response to noxious stimuli was absent in 2 of the rabbits given dexmedetomidine only, 4 of those given alfaxalone with dexmedetomidine, and all 6 of the animals dosed with alfaxalone, butorphanol, and dexmedetomidine; this last group displayed the longest absence of a toe-pinch response (57 ± 3 min).

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