Marginal cost of the calving interval in beef cows is not uniform

2017 ◽  
Vol 183 (5) ◽  
pp. 160-160
Author(s):  
Didier Raboisson ◽  
Philippe Citerne
Keyword(s):  
Marginal Cost ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Calving Interval ◽  
Replacement Rate ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Beef Cow ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Feeding Costs ◽  
Calving Intervals

To understand the profitability of reproduction management measures, an economic assessment based on a beef cow life simulation was proposed. It accounted for the discounted feeding costs of the dam and its calves for the different periods of their lives up to their sale and for the overall production from calves adjusted by mortality and culling. The calibration was proposed for various combinations of typical French and European situations. The maximal cash flow was observed for the lowest calving interval, corresponding to the maximal number of calves produced. The marginal cost of the calving interval was not uniform: on average, it was twice as high at a calving interval of 360 days (€1/day) as at 500 days (€0.5/day). It was also higher when age at first calving was lower and when culling was late or the replacement rate was low. The results were sensitive to the costs of the calves’ diets and to the market prices for calves. These assessments may assist the evaluation of the profitability of various measures taken in the field when faced with deteriorating calving intervals in beef production.

scholarly journals Comparison of body weight and reproduction performance in cows of various beef breeds managed under equal conditions in West Pomerania

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 318-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Pilarczyk ◽  
J. Wójcik
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
The Body ◽  
Calving Interval ◽  
Calving Ease ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Red Angus ◽  
Calving Difficulty ◽  
Calving Intervals

Abstract. The aim of the study was to compare the body weight and the parameters of reproductive performance in beef cows of various breeds following their import to Poland from 1995–1997. The analyses included cows of five beef breeds: Red Angus, Salers, Hereford, Limousin and Simmental. We have compared the body weights and calving intervals during the period from their arrival to Poland in 1995 until 2002, with subsequent calvings included in the analyses. Other aspects included calving difficulty, abortions, stillbirths and twin births. The analysis of the cows’ reproductive performance has revealed that the studied breeds differ in the calving interval. Best results were achieved by Simmental and Limousine cows, while Red Angus cows exhibited the poorest performance. The effect of subsequent calving on the calving interval was also confirmed. We have observed no differences among the mature cows with respect to the body weight and calving ease.

scholarly journals PENAMPILAN REPRODUKSI SAPI POTONG LOKAL DI KECAMATAN BOLAANG KABUPATEN BOLAANG MONGONDOW

ZOOTEC ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 763
Author(s):  
Brenda Boda ◽  
A. Lomboan ◽  
J.F. Paath ◽  
M. J. Hendrik
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Calving Interval ◽  
Beef Cow ◽  
Key Word ◽  
Collection Data

REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF LOCAL BEEF COWS IN BOLAANG DISTRICT OF BOLAANG MONGONDOW REGENCY. This study aims to determine the reproductive performance of local beef cattle in Bolaang District, BolaangMongondow Regency. This study used local beef cattle owned by breeders who were taken as samples in several villages in Bolaang District, Bolaang Mongondow Regency. This study used a survey method to obtain primary and secondary data collection. Data analysis regarding the studied variables used descriptive analysis referring to the measurement of each variable. The results showed that service per conception was 1.38, conception rate was 70%, pregnancy period was 276.47 days, animal age of first calving was 32.022 months, and calving interval was 375.26 days. Based on these results of study, it can be concluded that the reproductive performance of local beef cattle in Bolaang district, Bolaang Mongondow regency was categorized into normal reproductive performance of local beef cattle. Key word: Reproduction, Local beef cow, Bolaang district,  

An integrated approach to crop/livestock systems: Wintering beef cows on swathed crops

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 232-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.F. Karn ◽  
D.L. Tanaka ◽  
M.A. Liebig ◽  
R.E. Ries ◽  
S.L. Kronberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residue ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Beef Cow ◽  
Western Wheatgrass ◽  
Feeding Costs ◽  
Calf Performance ◽  
Weight Gain Data ◽  
Cow Performance ◽  
Feed Costs

AbstractGrain and livestock production have gradually been separated, as farmers have tended to specialize in one or the other. Some producers and scientists are beginning to question whether this is the best approach. An integrated crop/livestock project was initiated in 1999 to investigate potentially beneficial synergies to both enterprises. The cattle portion of this project involved wintering dry pregnant cows on swathed crop residue and drilled corn produced in a 3-year crop rotation, with all crops present each year. Swath grazing was initiated in mid-November of 1999, 2000 and 2001, and terminated in mid-February each year. Two replications of ten Hereford cows were rotationally grazed on swathed oat/pea and triticale crop residue and swathed drilled corn (RGSC). Comparison treatments were: cows grazing swathed western wheatgrass (SWWG) and cows fed hay in a drylot. Cows on the RGSC treatment were also fed a 20% crude protein supplement of oat/pea and triticale grain. Drilled corn was swathed in late September and western wheatgrass in early October. Three-year average winter-long weight gains for the RGSC cows were slightly lower (P<0.10) than those for drylot cows. Body condition scores generally followed the same pattern as weight gain data. Reproductive and calf performance data were not significantly different among wintering treatments. Average daily feed costs per cow over the three winters were US$0.49, 0.65 and 0.73 for RGSC, SWWG and baled hay in a drylot, respectively, providing a potential daily savings of US$0.24 per cow with the RGSC treatment compared to bale feeding in a drylot. Swath grazing did not appear to have any adverse affects on mid-aged beef cow performance and could potentially reduce winter feeding costs and manure handling problems. The main problem with swath grazing is potentially deep snow and icing of the swaths.

scholarly journals 80 Evaluation of extended release eprinomectin efficacy on multiparous beef cow performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 11-11
Author(s):  
Laine Zammit ◽  
Jermey G Powell ◽  
Reagan N Cauble ◽  
Toby D Lester ◽  
Callan Lichtenwalter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extended Release ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Beef Cow ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Calving Season ◽  
Cow Performance ◽  
Fall Calving

Abstract Internal parasitism inevitability prompts economic loss in beef cattle production by decreasing growth performance and reproductive traits. Previous studies have conflicting results on the macrocyclic lactones (ML) efficacy against internal parasitism. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of milbeymycin and avermectin sub groups of ML on cow performance. Multiparous fall calving, crossbred beef cows (n = 106) were allocated randomly to 1 of 3 anthelmintic treatments: 1) Negative control (CON), in which cows did not receive an anthelmintic, 2) Injectable moxidectin (MOX) and 3) Injectable extended release eprinomectin (ERE). Body weights (BW), body condition scores (BCS), and fecal egg counts (FEC) were taken throughout the duration of the calving season to weaning on d0, d80, d162, and d217, with weaning occurring on d217. Performance data were analyzed using the MIXED procedures of SAS, and pregnancy data were analyzed using the GENMOD procedures of SAS. Significance was fixed at P &lt; 0.05 and tendencies were established from 0.05 ≤ P ≤ 0.10. There was no effect of anthelmintic treatment on cow BW (P ≥ 0.57) or cow BCS (P ≥ 0.22) during the 217 d study; however, CON cows tended to have lower BCS (P = 0.08) throughout the duration of the study. Cows treated with ERE had fewer FEC compared to MOX and CON groups (P ≤ 0.001) and tended to improve pregnancy rates (c2 = 0.0546). Calf weaning weight was similar among treatments averaging 216, 225, and 223 kg regarding CON, MOX, and ERE cow treatments, respectively.

scholarly journals Assessment of ergot (Claviceps purpurea) exposure in pregnant and postpartum beef cows

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 688-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Grusie ◽  
V. Cowan ◽  
J. Singh ◽  
J. McKinnon ◽  
B. Blakley
Keyword(s):  
Ergot Alkaloid ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Ergot Alkaloids ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Claviceps Purpurea ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Beef Cow ◽  
The Impact

Cows were fed ration for 9 wk containing 5, 48, 201, and 822 μg kg−1 ergot alkaloids. The objective was to evaluate the impact of ergot consumption in beef cow–calf operations. Ergot alkaloids up to 822 μg kg−1 did not alter the weight of peripartum and postpartum beef cows (P = 0.93) or nursing calves (P = 0.08), rectal temperature (P = 0.16), or plasma prolactin concentrations (P = 0.30) at moderate ambient temperatures. Ergot did not influence the time (>1 ng mL−1; P = 0.79) or the progesterone concentration (P = 0.38) at the time of first postpartum rise or the size of the first (14 ± 0.6 mm; P = 0.40) and second (13 ± 0.5 mm; P = 0.41) follicles to ovulate. The maximum size of the first postpartum corpus luteum (CL) was 4 mm larger in the 822 μg kg−1 ergot group compared with the control (P = 0.03) for the first ovulation post partum, but not for the second (P = 0.11). There was no effect of ergot exposure on the number of days until the appearance of the first (43 ± 4 d; P = 0.95) or second (52 ± 4 d; P = 0.98) CL post partum. Ergot alkaloid concentrations up to 822 μg kg−1 did not affect pregnancy rates (X2 = 0.36). In conclusion, ergot alkaloid exposure for 9 wk to concentrations as high as 822 μg kg−1 did not alter performance in pregnant and postpartum beef cattle at moderate ambient temperatures.

scholarly journals MODEL FOR AN ALERT UNDER GETTING OEE INTO OLD SHOES OF MC PRICING MECHANISM

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 287-296
Author(s):  
Li-Hsing Ho ◽  
Alang Manglavan ◽  
Chung-Cheng Fu
Keyword(s):  
Marginal Cost ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Dynamic Game ◽  
Shop Floor ◽  
Pricing Mechanism ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Marginal Cost Pricing ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Dynamic Examination

The model for updating marginal cost pricing by overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) indexes as well as P*A*Q under existing market tough competition. Motivation/Background: When production capacity is constant and the AC curve is higher than the MC curve, AC pricing can be employed. Because of market competition, businesses producing in small quantities and low diversity use MC pricing. To reduce the risk to profit, a novel cost pricing mechanism can be adopted by using the unit DC of MC to correspond to the OEE under Areeda-Turner Rule. Method: The correspondence of the OEE with the unit direct cost (DC) is deduced and verified in this paper by calculating the quotient found by dividing the OEE indexes by unit DC as conditional as Bill of Material (BOM) cost. Results: Research findings revealed a positive alert for timely updating pricing between average cost (AC) pricing and marginal cost (MC) pricing. Conclusions: This approach reflects the dynamic game in a timely manner. The OEE comprises the performance, availability, and quality indexes. These three indexes reconcile the unit DC pricing, and using MC in optimization of marginal revenue (MR). In practice, shop floor management measures key indexes of idleness and loss; the objective is to eliminate laggard and static pricing problem. This realizes dynamic examination of cost difference of the BOM cost pool. One case study is employed to explain the MC pricing strategy in industry.

scholarly journals PSIX-13 Influence of herbage allowance and beef cow genotype on herbage intake during mid-gestation in Campos grassland

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 397-397
Author(s):  
Martin Do Carmo ◽  
Cristina Genro ◽  
Andres Cibils ◽  
Pablo Soca
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cows ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Beef Cow ◽  
Herbage Intake ◽  
Stocking Rates

Abstract The objective of this study was to measure herbage intake rate (g/kgBW0.75/d) of purebred (Pu, Hereford/Angus) and crossbred (Cr, F1 of Hereford/Angus) beef cows grazing under high (Hi) and low (Lo) annual herbage allowance (HA, mean 5 vs 3 kgDM/kgBW) but equal winter herbage allowance (3 kgDM/kgBW). Herbage intake was measured in 32 gestating cows (from -96 to -76 and -92 to -77 days to calving in y1 and y2 respectively) via n-alkanes C32. Cows were placed in one of 8 groups within 2 blocks (each block four paddocks) of HA x cow genotype treatment. In mid-gestation average herbage mass (±SE) was Hi = 1410 vs Lo = 710 ±230 kg DM/ha (P &lt; 0.05) in y1, and Hi = 850 vs Lo = 570 ±230 kg DM/ha (P = 0.38) in y2. Cow genotype did not affect herbage mass, and CP (8.6±0.37%) and ADF (40.6±1.2%) concentration were not affected by HA. Cow BW (kg±SE) in Hi vs. Lo HA was 478 vs 452 ± 20(P = 0.35) for y1 and 456 vs 393 ± 17(P &lt; 0.05) for y2, while cow BW in Cr vs Pu was 477 vs 453 ± 17 (P = 0.34) and 448 vs 407 ± 17 (P = 0.09) for y1 and y2, respectively. Herbage allowance affected herbage intake (g/kgBW0.75/d) in y2, Hi = 77 vs Lo = 70 ±0.3 (P &lt; 0.05) but not in y1 (Hi = 103 vs Lo = 97 ±0.3, P = 0.19) while Cr cows had lower herbage intake Pu = 108 vs Cr = 92 ±0.3 Cr (P &lt; 0.05) and Pu = 79 vs Cr = 68 ±0.3 (P &lt; 0.05) y1 and y2, respectively. Intake rates were affected by HA and animal genotype. High HA increased intake rates 10% and Cr cows decreased 17% herbage intake rate. Our results provide mechanistic criteria to manage stocking rates on Campos cattle ranches.

scholarly journals An index framework founded on the future profit potential of female beef cattle to aid the identification of candidates for culling

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fíona L Dunne ◽  
Donagh P Berry ◽  
Margaret M Kelleher ◽  
Ross D Evans ◽  
Siobhan W Walsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Calving Interval ◽  
Transition Matrices ◽  
Individual Female ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Carcass Performance ◽  
Expected Longevity ◽  
Profit Potential

Abstract Meticulous culling decisions, coupled with careful breeding decisions, are fundamental to shifting a population distribution in the favorable direction and improving profit per cow. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of easy-to-use dynamic tools to aid in culling decisions in beef cattle. The motivation for the present study was to develop a monetary-based culling tool, here referred to as the Beef Female’s Profit Potential (BFPP), to identify females for culling. The BFPP reflects the expected lifetime profitability of an individual female in a herd for the expected remainder of her lifetime; this profit included that of the beef female herself as well as her progeny. The BFPP index framework was composed of 4 subindexes reflecting the value of an animal: (1) as a nulliparae (this was voided if the cow had already calved), (2) for the remainder of her current parity, (3) summed across each of her expected remaining parities, and (4) when she is retained within the herd and not voluntarily culled. Each subindex was comprised of different components reflecting both genetic and non-genetic effects associated with each female. Transition matrices predicting the expected longevity of each female and their expected month of calving were also utilized in calculating the expected remaining lifetime profitability of each female. The BFPP index was validated on 21,102 beef cows as well as their harvested progeny from 875 herds by stratifying the cows, within herd, into 4 strata based on their BFPP. The mean of the within-herd correlation between the BFPP and the Irish national replacement (i.e., breeding) index was, on average, 0.45 indicating the shortcomings of the breeding index as a culling tool. Cows within the top BFPP stratum had a genetic expectation of accruing almost an additional €36 profit per calving, relative to cows within the worst stratum; when validated on the cow’s own calving interval and survival performance as well as their progeny’s carcass performance, the actual phenotypic value was estimated to be an additional €32 profit per calving. A proportion of this additional profit was due to the harvested progeny of the high BFPP cows having, on average, heavier, more conformed carcasses with less fat cover relative to their poor BFPP contemporaries. This BFPP framework is a useful and easy-to-use tool to aid in producer decision making on the choice of females to voluntarily cull but also on which replacement heifers to graduate into the mature herd.

A simulation study of the effects of the calving interval on milk yields of dairy cows in fixed time periods

1992 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Genizi ◽  
H. Schindler ◽  
S. Amir ◽  
S. Eger ◽  
M. Zarchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Distinct Advantage ◽  
Calving Interval ◽  
Lactation Curve ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Calving Intervals ◽  
Linear Decline

AbstractMultiparous cows were assigned before calving to three calving to first insemination intervals. Records of cows conceiving at first or second insemination, were used to construct a model of the lactation curve which incorporated peak production and the effect of progressing pregnancy. The model was used to simulate milk yield during a 4-year period for three production levels and five calving intervals. The model separated the descending part of the lactation curve into a linearly and an exponentially declining component, with the latter becoming distinct at about 20 weeks after conception. Peak yield was negatively correlated with the slope of the linear decline. Within a simulated 4-year period, cumulative milk yields at fixed time periods after calving depended upon the period chosen and the calving-to-conception interval of the cow. Late conceptions resulted in higher cumulative yields at the end of the 1st year, and in lower yields at the 2nd year end, with respect to early conceptions. Smaller differences were found between the intermediate calving intervals. During the 3rd and 4th years the early conceptions had a distinct advantage. Different rates of the linear decline, obtained for the different production levels, changed the magnitude of the yield differences between the calving intervals but not their relative ranking. The model presented offers a means for the suitable choice of the calving cycle according to the length of the period for which a cow is expected to remain in the herd.

scholarly journals Crossbreeding effects on growth and efficiency in beef cow–calf systems: evaluation of Angus, Caracu, Hereford and Nelore breed direct, maternal and heterosis effects

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1286-1295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio S Mendonça ◽  
Michael D MacNeil ◽  
Willian S Leal ◽  
Rodrigo C C Azambuja ◽  
Pedro F Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Curves ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Crossbred Cows ◽  
Beef Cow ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Beef Producers ◽  
Taurine Breed ◽  
Breed Crosses

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine breed additive and heterosis effects on growth curves, total milk yield (TMY), calf weaning weight (WW), predicted energy intake (EI), and cow efficiency (CE) of purebred and crossbred beef cows raised in Southern Brazil. The data were from 175 purebred and crossbred cows representing eight genetic groups: Angus (A), Hereford (H), Nelore (N), A × H (AH), H × A (HA), A × N (AN), N × A (NA), and Caracu (C) × A (CA). Growth of the cows was modeled using the nonlinear Brody function and machine milking was used to assess TMY. WW was linearly adjusted to 210 d. EI was predicted with an equation in which the independent variables were estimates of parameters of the Brody function and TMY. The ratio of WW to EI estimated CE. Taurine–indicine heterosis effects were significant for all traits, and greater than those for taurine breed crosses. In general, crossbred cows were heavier at maturity, matured earlier, produced more milk, weaned heavier calves, and were predicted to consume more energy. Thus, they were more efficient than purebred cows, despite their greater predicted feed intake. Among the purebreds, A cows matured most rapidly, weighed the least at maturity, produced the most milk, weaned the heaviest calves, were predicted to consume the least energy; and were therefore most efficient among the breeds that were evaluated. These results are useful as inputs to bioeconomic models that can be used to predict productive and economic outcomes from crossbreeding and to facilitate recommendations for beef producers of southern Brazil and other similar subtropical climatic regions.

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