Carbon composition analysis of 12 selected stainless steel veterinary orthopaedic implants: a preliminary report: TABLE 1:

2012 ◽  
Vol 172 (3) ◽  
pp. 71.2-71
Author(s):  
W. McCartney ◽  
A. Liegey ◽  
B. MacDonald ◽  
D. Comiskey ◽  
E. Galvin
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Orthopaedic Implants ◽  
Carbon Composition

scholarly journals Dip-Coating of Calcium Hydroxyapatite on Titanium Alloy (ti-6ai-4v) and Stainless Steel (316L) Substrates

1999 ◽  
Vol 599 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Mavis ◽  
A. C. Tas
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Calcium Hydroxyapatite ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Orthopaedic Implants ◽  
Stainless Steel 316L ◽  
Metal Implants ◽  
Ha Coating ◽  
Sample Characterization

AbstractTitanium alloy (Ti-6AI-4V) and stainless steel (316L) are two of the most commonly used materials in the manufacture of orthopaedic implants. To achieve better biocompatibility with bone, metal implants made of 316L or Ti-6Al-4V are often coated with calcium hydroxyapatite (HA) bioceramics. This paper is to describe a new dipping solution recipe used for HA coating. Sample characterization was performed by SEM and XRD.

scholarly journals The Effects of Ti Additions and Deposition Parameters on the Structural and Mechanical Properties of Stainless Steel-Nitride Thin Films

Coatings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 329
Author(s):  
Faisal I. Alresheedi ◽  
James E. Krzanowski
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Transition Metal Nitrides ◽  
N Content ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Deposition Parameters ◽  
Stainless Steel Coatings

This study examines the structure and properties of stainless steel coatings deposited to incorporate large concentrations of nitrogen along with varying amounts of titanium. Deposition was carried out using magnetron co-sputtering of stainless steel and titanium from separate targets in a mixed Ar/N2 gas atmosphere. Composition analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that while films with up to 4 at.% Ti exhibited little change in nitrogen content (compared to films deposited without Ti) and remained sub-stoichiometric with respect to N content. Films with 7–8 at.% Ti had a higher N level and further increasing the Ti level to 11–12 at.% resulted in stoichiometric N levels. X-ray diffraction showed that the films all had a nominally FCC structure with no additional phases. However, the peak locations for the (111) and (200) reflections indicated a distorted lattice characteristic of the S-phase, with calculated c/a values ranging from 1.007 to 1.033. The Ti additions, along with the corresponding increase in N content, helped reduce the extent of lattice distortion. The film microstructure of the higher (11–12 at.%) Ti films also showed higher density, lower surface roughness, and a finer grain structure. As a result, these films had a higher hardness compared to the sub-stoichiometric films, with hardness levels in the range of 18–23 GPa, typical of transition metal nitrides coatings.

scholarly journals Investigation of the impact of mechanical activation on synthesis of the MgO-TiO2 system

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-22
Author(s):  
Natasa Djordjevic ◽  
Milica Vlahovic ◽  
Sanja Martinovic ◽  
Slavica Mihajlovic ◽  
Nenad Vusovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Activation ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Magnesium Titanate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Impact

In this study, a mixture of magnesium oxide and titanium dioxide was mechanically activated in order to investigate the possibility of mechanochemical synthesis of magnesium titanate. Mechanical activation was performed for 1000 min in a high-energy vibro mill (type MH954/3, KHD Humboldt Wedag AG, Germany). The mill is equipped with housing having a horizontally placed shutter. The cylindrical stainless steel working vessel, with inner dimensions of 40 mm in height and 170 mm in diameter, has working elements consisting of two free concentric stainless steel rings with a total weight of 3 kg. The engine power is 0.8 kW. Respecting the optimal amount of powder to be activated of 50-150 g and the stoichiometric ratio of the reactants in the equation presenting the chemical reaction of magnesium titanate synthesis, the starting amounts were 20.2 g (0.5 mol) of MgO and 39.9 g (0.5 mol) TiO2. During the experiments, X-ray diffraction analysis of the samples taken from the reaction system after 60, 180, 330, and 1000 min of mechanical activation was performed. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used for chemical composition analysis of samples taken at different activation times. Based on the X-ray diffraction analysis results, it can be concluded that the greatest changes in the system took place at the very beginning of the mechanical activation due to the disturbance of the crystal structure of the initial components. X-ray diffraction analysis of the sample after 1000 min of activation showed complete amorphization of the mixture, but diffraction maxima characteristic for magnesium titanate were not identified. Therefore, the mechanical activation experiments were stopped. Evidently, the energy input was not sufficient to overcome the energy barrier to form a new chemical compound - magnesium titanate. The failure to synthesize magnesium titanate is explained by the low negative Gibbs energy value of -25.8 kJ/mol (despite the theoretical possibility that the reaction will happen), as well as by the amount of mechanical energy entered into the system during activation which was insufficient to obtain the reaction product. Although the synthesis of MgTiO3 was not achieved, significant results were obtained which identify models for further investigations of the possibility of mechanochemical reactions of alkaline earth metals and titanium dioxide.

scholarly journals The corrosion scenario in human body: Stainless steel 316L orthopaedic implants

2012 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 184-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kean-Khoon Chew ◽  
Sharif Hussein Sharif Zein ◽  
Abdul Latif Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Orthopaedic Implants ◽  
Stainless Steel 316L

Failure Analysis of a Cracked Stainless-Steel Steam-Water Separator

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Shi ◽  
Wen Liu ◽  
Xin Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Post Weld Heat Treatment ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Austenite Stainless Steel ◽  
Water Separator ◽  
Weld Heat

Abstract Currently, austenitic stainless steel has been widely used for the pressure boundary, including reactors, separators and storage tanks serviced in energy, petrochemical, chemical and food industries in view of its inherent corrosion resistance. However, the corrosion resistance may deteriorate under some circumstances such as field welding and inappropriate post-weld heat treatment. A steam-water separator serviced in a power plant was found cracking and a large amount of steam leaked outside. The cracking was located in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of the joint on the head side of the pressure vessel. The material of the head was SUS 304 austenite stainless steel. Failure analysis was conducted to investigate the cause of cracking. The testing and measurement included chemical composition analysis, metallographic examination, fracture surface observation and deposit elements analysis. Results showed that the cracking was intergranular and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) was the primary cause of failure. During the fabrication of the separator, the HAZ of the joint was overheated by the thermal input of welding. Brittle carbides such as M23C6 precipitating at the grain boundary, resulted in a narrow belt lack of chromium nearby known as sensitization. The corrosion resistance of the austenite stainless-steel decreased obviously there, and cracking failure occurred rapidly under tensile stress. The influencing factors discussed in this paper mainly focused on material performance, post-weld heat treatment, and corrosivity of medium. Austenitic stainless steel containing stabilizing elements or with low C content was recommended for the new vessel design in order to avoid similar cracking failure.

Creep Deformation Characteristics of Austenitic Stainless Steel Foils

2011 ◽  
Vol 462-463 ◽  
pp. 906-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Osman ◽  
Mohd Nasir Tamin
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Creep Deformation ◽  
Primary Creep ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Creep Life ◽  
Concept Model ◽  
Foil Specimen ◽  
Stainless Steel Foils ◽  
Steel Foils

Creep deformation process of austenitic stainless steel foil with thickness 0.25 mm was investigated. The foil specimen was creep tested at 750oC, 54 MPa to establish baseline behavior for its extended use as primary surface recuperator in advanced microturbine. The creep curve of the foil shows that the primary creep stage is brief and creep life is dominated by tertiary creep deformation. The curve is well represented by the modified theta-projection concept model with hardening and softening terms. Morphology of fractured foil surface reveals intergranular fracture with shallow network of faceted voids. The formation of w-type creep cavities is significant, as revealed by microstructure of ruptured specimen. Composition analysis indicates the formation of carbides, namely, Cr23C6, NbC and Fe3Nb3C.

The Heat Treatment of Wires: A Preliminary Report

1976 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. Waters ◽  
W. J. B. Houston ◽  
C. D. Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Nickel Alloy ◽  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Flexural Rigidity ◽  
Elastic Recovery ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Strain Range ◽  
Cobalt Chrome

The changes induced by a heat treatment have been examined on a standard 18/8 Stainless Steel wire (grade 302 S25 of BS 970: Part 4), and a heat treatable wire of cobalt—chrome—nickel alloy. The flexural rigidity, elastic properties after forming over a wide strain range, resistance to failure in bending and elastic recovery after a heat treatment were examined. The optimal heat treatments were found to be 400–450°C and 475–525°C for the 18/8 and cobalt—chrome—nickel alloy respectively. These optima were unchanged for heat-treatment times between 1 and 16 minutes.

Fabrication of SS316L/Ni25 Functionally Gradient Materials Using Laser Engineered Net Shaping

2011 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 803-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Jiang Wu ◽  
Xiao Kang Liang ◽  
Qian Li ◽  
Li Jia Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Columnar Dendrite ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Functionally Gradient Materials ◽  
Stainless Steel 316L ◽  
Equiaxed Dendrite ◽  
Gradient Materials ◽  
Laser Engineered Net Shaping ◽  
Functionally Gradient ◽  
Net Shaping

Functionally gradient materials(FGMs) were successfully fabricated with compositions gradually changed from 100% stainless steel 316L to 100% Ni25 alloy using laser engineered net shaping(LENS) technology. The microstructure characterization, composition analysis and microhardness along the gradient direction are investigated. Meanwhile, the defects in the sample such as cracks and pores are analyzed. The results indicated that the microstructure evolves from columnar dendrite to cellular-crystal or equiaxed dendrite.

scholarly journals Magnetic Remanence of Stainless Steel and Titanium Alloy Orthopaedic Implants

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 504-513
Author(s):  
Norhasiza Mat Jusoh ◽  
Arif Faddilah Mohd Noor ◽  
Suffian Mohamad Tajudin ◽  
Mohd Hadizie Din ◽  
Mohd Ezane Aziz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Hysteresis Loop ◽  
Magnetic Hysteresis ◽  
Magnetic Hysteresis Loop ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Orthopaedic Implant ◽  
Orthopaedic Implants ◽  
Implant Materials ◽  
Magnetic Remanence

Stainless steel and titanium alloys are common materials for orthopaedic implants. However there is a lack of information and studies on magnetic remanence of  implants used in clinical practice. The aims of this study are to investigate the composition and the presence of magnetic remanence for these two orthopaedic implant materials. These two factors may cause implant instability and heat problems as well as degradation of the images quality if the patients undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination. The magnetic hysteresis loop and remanence status of stainless steel and titanium alloy orthopaedic implants were investigated with a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Both samples of stainless steel and titanium alloy had been exposed to external magnetic fields up to 1 T (10000 G) and 1.4 T (14000 G), respectively. The compositions of these two orthopaedic implant materials were studied using a scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX). The results of the study demonstrated that ferrous and nickel compositions in stainless steel alloy orthopaedic implants contributed to the residual magnetism, as shown in the hysteresis loop. The titanium alloy orthopaedic implant sample does not contain any ferromagnetic elements. After exposure to a magnetic field, the stainless steel values of retentivity, coercivity and magnetisation are significantly higher compared to those of the titanium alloy. The stainless steel orthopaedic implant sample demonstrates a typical hysteresis loop that suggests the existence of magnetic remanence. In contrast, the titanium alloy orthopaedic implant sample showed no significant remanence phenomenon. By considering the existence of magnetic remanence in the implant is important as potential effect on the MRI image quality.

Corrosion and Wear Behavior of Nitrogen-Doped TiO2 Coatings on Stainless Steel Prepared by Plasma Surface Alloying Technique

2011 ◽  
Vol 687 ◽  
pp. 602-609
Author(s):  
He Feng Wang ◽  
Bin Tang ◽  
Xiu Yan Li ◽  
Yong Ma ◽  
Chen Quan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Hybrid Coatings ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Surface Alloying ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Plasma Surface ◽  
Nitrogen Doped ◽  
Plasma Surface Alloying Technique ◽  
Plasma Surface Alloying

A novel process has been developed to improve tribological and corrosion properties of austenitic stainless steel (S. S). Titanium nitride coatings were obtained by plasma surface alloying technique. Nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide was synthesized by oxidative annealing the resulted TiNx coatings in air. The microstructure of TiO2coatings was characterized by SEM, GDOES, XPS and XRD, respectively. Simulated body solution (Hanks’ solution, 37°C) was used to characterize the electrochemical corrosion properties of the coatings and substrate. Ball-on-disc sliding wear was applied to test and compare the tribological behaviors of the coatings and substrate against Al2O3ball. Results reveal that the resultant coatings have a layered structure, comprising of N-doped TiO2layer at the top and a diffuse-type interface. Such a hybrid coatings system shows good adhesion with the substrate. Composition analysis shows that the coatings shield the substrate entirely. The N-doped TiO2coatings are anatase in structure as characterized by X-ray diffraction. The electrochemical measurements show that the corrosion potential positively shifts from -0.267 V for bare S. S to -0.275 V for N-doped TiO2coated S. S, and the corrosion current density decreases from 1.3 × 10-5A/cm2to 4.1 ×10-6A/cm2. Under a load of 7.6 N, the coefficient of friction is in the range of 0.27～0.38 for the N-doped TiO2and the wear rate of the coatings is only one-fourteenth of that for untreated 316L S. S. Duplex-treated N-doped TiO2coatings display much better wear resistance and antifriction performance than that of S. S.

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