scholarly journals Determination of serum IgG antibodies to Bacillus anthracis protective antigen in environmental sampling workers using a fluorescent covalent microsphere immunoassay

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 703-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
R E Biagini
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Protective Antigen ◽  
Environmental Sampling ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Serum Igg ◽  
Microsphere Immunoassay

Peroral immunization with Helicobacter pylori adhesin protein genetically linked to cholera toxin A2B subunits

2001 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byung Oh KIM ◽  
Sung Seup SHIN ◽  
Young Hyo YOO ◽  
Suhkneung PYO
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Cholera Toxin ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Protective Antigen ◽  
Oral Immunization ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Vaccine Antigen ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Serum Igg ◽  
H Pylori

Helicobacter pylori is a major cause of gastric-associated diseases. To evaluate the efficacy of a possible vaccine antigen against H. pylori infection, the chimaeric construct adhesin–CTXA2B, derived from H. pylori adhesin genetically coupled to cholera toxin (CTX) subunits A2 and B (CTXA2B), was expressed in Escherichia coli as an insoluble recombinant chimaeric protein. The protein was then purified by denaturation, renaturation and size-exclusion chromatography. The composition of purified adhesin–CTXA2B was verified by SDS/PAGE and Western blotting with antibodies to antigenic components of adhesin and CTXB, and confirmed as a chimaeric protein with GM1-ganglioside binding activity and adhesin epitopes by a GM1-ELISA developed using antibodies to adhesin. Oral immunization of mice with adhesin–CTXA2B induced higher levels of mucosal IgA and serum IgG antibodies to H. pylori adhesin and to CTXB than in mice immunized with adhesin or CTXA2B alone. Adhesin–CTXA2B was also demonstrated to be a potential protective antigen in a mouse model of H. pylori infection. The immunization of mice with adhesin–CTXA2B protected 62.5% of mice infected with H. pylori SS1 strain, whereas adhesin immunization was not able to confer protection to mice. This protection may be correlated with high levels of mucosal IgA and serum IgG antibodies against H. pylori adhesin. Taken together, the results indicate that the genetically linked CTXA2B acts as a useful mucosal adjuvant, and that the adhesin–CTXA2B chimaeric protein could be a potential component in future H. pylori vaccine development.

scholarly journals Serum IgG antibody response to the protective antigen (PA) of Bacillus anthracis induced by anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA) among U.S. military personnel

Vaccine ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 869-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darrell E. Singer ◽  
Rachel Schneerson ◽  
Christian T. Bautista ◽  
Mark V. Rubertone ◽  
John B. Robbins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Protective Antigen ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Anthrax Vaccine ◽  
Serum Igg

Effect of delayed anthrax vaccine dose on Bacillus anthracis protective antigen IgG response and lethal toxin neutralization activity

Vaccine ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (44) ◽  
pp. 5009-5014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip R. Pittman ◽  
Diana Fisher ◽  
Xiaofei Quinn ◽  
Trevor Schmader ◽  
Julio G. Barrera-Oro
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Protective Antigen ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Lethal Toxin ◽  
Neutralization Activity ◽  
Anthrax Vaccine

scholarly journals Detection of Anthrax Toxin in the Serum of Animals Infected with Bacillus anthracis by Using Engineered Immunoassays

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 671-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Mabry ◽  
Kathleen Brasky ◽  
Robert Geiger ◽  
Ricardo Carrion ◽  
Gene B. Hubbard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Protective Antigen ◽  
Lethal Factor ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Anthrax Toxin ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Before And After

ABSTRACT Several strategies that target anthrax toxin are being developed as therapies for infection by Bacillus anthracis. Although the action of the tripartite anthrax toxin has been extensively studied in vitro, relatively little is known about the presence of toxins during an infection in vivo. We developed a series of sensitive sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for detection of both the protective antigen (PA) and lethal factor (LF) components of the anthrax exotoxin in serum. The assays utilize as capture agents an engineered high-affinity antibody to PA, a soluble form of the extracellular domain of the anthrax toxin receptor (ANTXR2/CMG2), or PA itself. Sandwich immunoassays were used to detect and quantify PA and LF in animals infected with the Ames or Vollum strains of anthrax spores. PA and LF were detected before and after signs of toxemia were observed, with increasing levels reported in the late stages of the infection. These results represent the detection of free PA and LF by ELISA in the systemic circulation of two animal models exposed to either of the two fully virulent strains of anthrax. Simple anthrax toxin detection ELISAs could prove useful in the evaluation of potential therapies and possibly as a clinical diagnostic to complement other strategies for the rapid identification of B. anthracis infection.

scholarly journals The Fluorocycline TP-271 Is Efficacious in Models of Aerosolized Bacillus anthracis Infection in BALB/c Mice and Cynomolgus Macaques

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trudy H. Grossman ◽  
Michael S. Anderson ◽  
Lindsay Drabek ◽  
Melanie Gooldy ◽  
Henry S. Heine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Protective Antigen ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Average Dose ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cynomolgus Macaques ◽  
Observation Period

ABSTRACT The fluorocycline TP-271 was evaluated in mouse and nonhuman primate (NHP) models of inhalational anthrax. BALB/c mice were exposed by nose-only aerosol to Bacillus anthracis Ames spores at a level of 18 to 88 lethal doses sufficient to kill 50% of exposed individuals (LD50). When 21 days of once-daily dosing was initiated at 24 h postchallenge (the postexposure prophylaxis [PEP] study), the rates of survival for the groups treated with TP-271 at 3, 6, 12, and 18 mg/kg of body weight were 90%, 95%, 95%, and 84%, respectively. When 21 days of dosing was initiated at 48 h postchallenge (the treatment [Tx] study), the rates of survival for the groups treated with TP-271 at 6, 12, and 18 mg/kg TP-271 were 100%, 91%, and 81%, respectively. No deaths of TP-271-treated mice occurred during the 39-day posttreatment observation period. In the NHP model, cynomolgus macaques received an average dose of 197 LD50 of B. anthracis Ames spore equivalents using a head-only inhalation exposure chamber, and once-daily treatment of 1 mg/kg TP-271 lasting for 14 or 21 days was initiated within 3 h of detection of protective antigen (PA) in the blood. No (0/8) animals in the vehicle control-treated group survived, whereas all 8 infected macaques treated for 21 days and 4 of 6 macaques in the 14-day treatment group survived to the end of the study (56 days postchallenge). All survivors developed toxin-neutralizing and anti-PA IgG antibodies, indicating an immunologic response. On the basis of the results obtained with the mouse and NHP models, TP-271 shows promise as a countermeasure for the treatment of inhalational anthrax.

scholarly journals Injection of Staphylococcus aureus EDIN by the Bacillus anthracis Protective Antigen Machinery Induces Vascular Permeability

2009 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
pp. 3596-3601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Rolando ◽  
Patrick Munro ◽  
Caroline Stefani ◽  
Patrick Auberger ◽  
Gilles Flatau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Vascular Permeability ◽  
Protective Antigen ◽  
Lethal Factor ◽  
Vascular Leakage ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Systemic Injection ◽  
Pulmonary Endothelium ◽  
Endothelium Permeability

ABSTRACT Systemic injection of Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin (LT) produces vascular leakage and animal death. Recent studies suggest that LT triggers direct endothelial cell cytotoxicity that is responsible for the vascular leakage. LT is composed of heptamers of protective antigen (PA), which drives the endocytosis and translocation into host cells of the lethal factor (LF), a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase protease. Here we investigated the consequences of injection of an endothelium-permeabilizing factor using LT as a “molecular syringe.” To this end, we generated the chimeric factor LE, corresponding to the PA-binding domain of LF (LF1-254) fused to EDIN exoenzyme. EDIN ADP ribosylates RhoA, leading to actin cable disruption and formation of transcellular tunnels in endothelial cells. We report that systemic injection of LET (LE plus PA) triggers a PA-dependent increase in the pulmonary endothelium permeability. We also report that native LT induces a progressive loss of endothelium barrier function. We established that there is a direct correlation between the extent of endothelium permeability induced by LT and the cytotoxic activity of LT. This suggests new ways to design therapeutic drugs against anthrax directed toward vascular permeability.

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