scholarly journals Association between adverse childhood experiences and adult diseases in older adults: a comparative cross-sectional study in Japan and Finland

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e024609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Airi Amemiya ◽  
Takeo Fujiwara ◽  
Kokoro Shirai ◽  
Katsunori Kondo ◽  
Tuula Oksanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood

ObjectiveWe aimed to examine the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and diseases in older adults in Japan and Finland.DesignCross-sectional comparative study.SettingData from a gerontological study in Japan and two public health studies in Finland were evaluated.ParticipantsA total of 13 123 adults (mean age, 69.5 years) from Japan and 10 353 adults (mean age, 64.4 years) from Finland were included in this study. Logistic regression was used to examine the association of each of, any of and the cumulative number of ACEs (parental divorce, fear of a family member and poverty in childhood; treated as ordered categorical variables) with poor self-rated health (SRH), cancer, heart disease or stroke, diabetes mellitus, smoking and body mass index. Models were adjusted for sex, age, education, marital status and working status.ResultsOf the respondents, 50% of those in Japan and 37% of those in Finland reported having experienced at least one of the measured ACEs. Number of ACEs was associated with poor SRH in both countries, and the point estimates were similar (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.25 to 1.46 in Japan; OR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.27 to 1.41 in Finland). Number of ACEs was associated with the prevalence of cancer, heart disease or stroke, diabetes mellitus, current smoking and an increase in body mass index in both countries.ConclusionsThe association between ACEs and poor SRH, adult diseases and health behaviours was similar among older adults in both Japan and Finland. This international comparative study suggests that the impact of ACEs on health is noteworthy and consistent across cultural and social environments.

Associations of Adverse Childhood Experiences with Frailty in Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging

Gerontology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Oxana Mian ◽  
Laura N. Anderson ◽  
Daniel W. Belsky ◽  
Andrea Gonzalez ◽  
Jinhui Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Parental Death ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Sectional Analysis

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Frailty in older adults, characterized by a decline in multiple physiological systems and increasing vulnerability to loss of independence, disability, and death, is a public health priority in developed countries. Etiology of frailty extends across the lifespan and may begin in early life, but empirical evidence for this association is scarce. In this study, we examined whether adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with frailty in later life. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data for a population-based sample of 27,748 adults aged 45–85 years from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. The frailty index (FI) was computed with 76 health-related characteristics of physical and cognitive performance, self-rated health, chronic conditions, visual and hearing ability, activities of daily living, and well-being. Self-reported exposure to ACEs included physical, emotional, and sexual abuse, neglect, and witnessing intimate partner violence prior age of 16 and parental death, divorce, and living with a family member with mental illness prior age of 18. Generalized linear regression models with gamma error distribution and identity link function, adjusted for age and sex, were used to examine associations of each ACE type and the number of ACE types (0, 1, 2, or 3+) reported by an individual with FI. All models were adjusted for income, education, smoking, and alcohol consumption in sensitivity analysis. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Individuals exposed to ACEs had elevated levels of FI (mean = 0.13, SD = 0.09) than those unexposed, with the largest difference observed for neglect (<i>B</i> [95% CI]: 0.05 [0.04, 0.06]) and the smallest for parental death and divorce (0.015 [0.01,0.02]). The ACE count was associated with frailty in a graded manner, with the FI difference reaching 0.04 [0.037, 0.044] for participants exposed to 3+ ACE types. The association between ACEs and frailty tended to be stronger for women than men and for men aged 45–64 years than older men. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Our study supports previous studies showing that exposure to ACEs is associated with frailty in adults. Our findings suggest that screening for ACEs involving childhood maltreatment may be useful for identifying individuals at risk of frailty and prevention of ACEs may have long-term benefits for healthy aging.

scholarly journals 124. Adverse Childhood Experiences, Body Mass Index And Body Image In Adolescents: Are They Interrelated?

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. S64-S65
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Carreño-Rijo ◽  
Susan M. Yussman ◽  
Constance D. Baldwin ◽  
Anne-Marie Conn
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood

scholarly journals Association of adverse childhood experiences with functional identity and impulsivity among adults: a cross-sectional study

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Haaris Sheikh ◽  
Sadiq Naveed ◽  
Ahmed Waqas ◽  
Ihtisham Tahir Jaura
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Functional Identity ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Scale Functions ◽  
Adverse Childhood

Introduction: The present study explores the association of adverse childhood experiences with impulsivity and functional identity among Pakistani adults. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 260 Pakistani medical students aged 18 and above were approached. A consent form, a questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics, and an English versions of the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) scale, Functions of Identity scale (FIS) and Barratt’s Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) was employed in this study. All data were analyzed in SPSS v. 20. Results: A total of 122 (52.6%) of respondents had experienced at least one adverse childhood experience. According to linear regression analysis, ACE scores were significantly associated with increasing age, increasing order in birth, lower scores on functional identity structure and non-planning impulsivity, and higher scores on future (functional identity) and motor impulsivity. Conclusions: A high proportion of Pakistani medical students reported adverse childhood experiences, which lead to impulsive behaviors and poor functional identities.

scholarly journals Which body mass index is best associated with risk of diabetes mellitus and hypertension in a Japanese-Brazilian population?

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosana Farah Simony ◽  
Suely Godoy Agostinho Gimeno ◽  
Sandra Roberta Gouveia Ferreira ◽  
Laércio Joel Franco
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Japanese Brazilians ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of different body mass index (BMI) ranges associated with the risk of diabetes and hypertension in Japanese-Brazilians. This cross-sectional study was based on data from 1,330 Japanese-Brazilians > 30 years of age who participated in a population-based survey on the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and associated diseases. Glucose tolerance status was classified according to WHO criteria and blood pressure levels according to the VI-JNC. Odds ratios for diabetes and hypertension were calculated for different BMI ranges; for different BMIs, sensitivity and specificity for percentiles 25, 50, 75, 90 and 95 were obtained. Increased odds ratios for diabetes mellitus and hypertension were observed with BMI values > 25kg/m². The 50th percentile corresponded to the highest sensitivity and specificity for the identification of risk for both diseases. Our results suggest that BMI values proposed by WHO should also be useful for this group of Japanese descendants in the assessment of risk for DM and hypertension.

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