scholarly journals Effect of Circulating Antibody to Insulin on Serum Levels of Insulin-like Activity in Rats, Guinea-pigs, and a Diabetic Patient

BMJ ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 2 (5407) ◽  
pp. 482-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Samaan ◽  
R. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Patient ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Circulating Antibody ◽  
Insulin Like Activity

Concluding remarks

1956 ◽  
Vol 146 (922) ◽  
pp. 90-92 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Distinct Type ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Immunological Tolerance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Immunological Reaction ◽  
Picryl Chloride ◽  
Purified Antigen ◽  
Circulating Antibody

In many ways immunological tolerance is an ideal subject for discussion at the present time. Experimental work has gone far enough to allow us to claim that the principle of immunological tolerance is soundly established and that we can see more or less clearly some of its implications. But obviously very much remains to be learnt of the part played by tolerance in the various fields that have been discussed. It is by no means certain that we are dealing with a single topic when we compare tolerance to homografts with inhibition of antibody production against soluble protein in a rabbit. Such a situation provides much for discussion but does not make it easy to condense or interpret that discussion. One might begin by reiterating that immunology is concerned with much more than the production and properties of typical circulating antibody. There are at least four different types of immunological reaction and there are hints of many minor differences within the main types. Pappenheimer’s recent work on the variety of responses given by a single species, man, to a single purified antigen, diphtheria toxoid, offers a characteristic example of the current trend. Chase’s experiments on the response of guinea pigs to simple allergens like picryl chloride, have been only incidentally mentioned in today’s discussion, but their importance is obvious. A form of tolerance very similar to that produced by prenatal treatment of mice can be produced by administering the allergen to adult guinea-pigs by mouth. The animals are resistant to sensitization by skin treatment and the inhibition is general and unrelated to any persistence of allergen in the body. The question immediately arises whether all forms of tolerance are basically similar or whether for each of the qualitatively distinct types of positive immunological reaction, a correspondingly distinct type of inhibition or tolerance must be sought.

scholarly journals OCCURRENCE OF DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF ARTHUS TYPE HYPERSENSITIVITY

1958 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. Salvin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Latent Period ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Egg Albumin ◽  
Lymph Node Cells ◽  
Type Inclusion ◽  
Antibody Determination ◽  
Circulating Antibody

Guinea pigs were injected in the footpads with either purified diphtheria toxoid or recrystallized egg albumin in Freund adjuvant without mycobacteria. Each guinea pig was then skin-tested only once with the specific antigen and bled for antibody determination. After injection of the sensitizing antigen, a latent period occurred during which neither sensitivity nor circulating antibody could be detected. A period of delayed sensitivity followed wherein circulating antibody could not be discerned and which could be transferred by lymph node cells. Ultimately, the Arthus type sensitivity developed, accompanied by circulating antibody. The duration and severity of reactions to homologous antigens during the last 2 phases varied with the antigen and with the dose. An increase in the sensitizing dose decreased the duration of the delayed type of allergy, a decrease in the dose prolonged the delayed type. Inclusion of mycobacterium in the sensitizing inoculum tended to introduce delayed sensitivity earlier and delay the onset of Arthus type sensitivity. When specific precipitate in antibody excess was included with the toxoid in the sensitizing dose, the onset of the Arthus phase was hastened. When lymph nodes from a large number of sensitized donors were removed during the latter part of the latent period, recipients of the cells showed a delayed type sensitivity.

Metabolism, Plasma or Serum Levels, and Elimination of Phenformin in Guinea Pigs, Rats, and Dogs

1979 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Alkalay ◽  
Joseph Volk ◽  
William Roth ◽  
Lakshmi Khemani ◽  
M. Fred Bartlett
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Serum Levels

scholarly journals COPROANTIBODY AND BACTERIAL ANTAGONISM AS PROTECTIVE FACTORS IN EXPERIMENTAL ENTERIC CHOLERA

1956 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Freter
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Passive Immunization ◽  
Oral Immunization ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Bacterial Antagonism ◽  
Circulating Antibody

Passive oral immunization with O-antiserum was found to protect guinea pigs against fatal enteric cholera. The number of vibrios recoverable from the intestines of infected animals was not noticeably reduced by active and oral passive immunization. Passive immunization by the intraperitoneal route was not protective even though high titers of circulating antibody were obtained shortly after injection. Oral administration of H-antiserum also had no protective effect. Introduction of E. coli into the intestinal tract increased the resistance of guinea pigs to fatal enteric cholera.

scholarly journals CONCOMITANT ANAPHYLACTIC SENSITIZATION AND CONTACT UNRESPONSIVENESS FOLLOWING THE INFUSION OR FEEDING OF PICRYL CHLORIDE TO GUINEA PIGS

1966 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome R. Pomeranz ◽  
Philip S. Norman
Keyword(s):  
Large Dose ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Contact Hypersensitivity ◽  
Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis ◽  
Picryl Chloride ◽  
Circulating Antibody

Guinea pigs receiving one large dose of picryl chloride by the intravenous or oral routes commonly develop circulating antibody demonstrable by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis or by active anaphylaxis. They often concommittantly become unresponsive to the induction of delayed contact hypersensitivity by intracutaneous injections. Erythrocytes obtained from guinea pigs after infusion or feeding of picryl chloride may be used to sensitize other animals when injected with adjuvant. It is concluded that guinea pigs may be anaphylactically sensitized to simple chemicals by the intravenous and oral routes if a sufficient dose is administered.

scholarly journals THE COURSE OF EXPERIMENTAL AUTOALLERGIC THYROIDITIS IN INBRED GUINEA PIGS

1964 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin M. Lerner ◽  
Philip R. B. McMaster ◽  
Eurmal D. Exum
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Thyroid Antigen ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Extent Of Disease ◽  
Experimental Allergic ◽  
Circulating Antibody

Experimental allergic thyroiditis produced in strain 13 histocompatible guinea pigs after a single immunization with thyroid extract and Freund's adjuvant was followed for more than 2 years. The disease appeared as early as 5 days and persisted for the entire period studied, although it regressed in the later stages. Circulating antithyroid antibody was detected at low levels as early as 7 days after immunization, and increased to a peak at the time of most severe disease. Thereafter, antibody decreased, but was still detectable in most animals as late as 2 years. There was no correlation between antibody levels and extent of disease except at the 7 week stage. Delayed sensitivity to thyroid antigen was found as early as 5 days after immunization, and appeared to precede the development of thyroiditis in many animals. It correlated closely with thyroiditis at 5 days and 7 weeks. At 6 months, the delayed skin reaction was decreased, and a modified type of reaction appeared which persisted as long as 26 months. The time relationship of delayed sensitivity, thyroiditis, and circulating antibody continue to confirm the role of delayed sensitivity in the pathogenesis of this disease. The accumulated data demonstrating production of thyroiditis without antibody, and the converse, tend to strengthen this view.

scholarly journals Serum levels of endothelial monocyte activating polypeptide-II in type 1 diabetes patients with microangyopathy and arterial hypertention.

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliya A. Mogylnytska ◽  
Boris N. Mankovsky
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Diabetic Patient ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Emap Ii ◽  
Type 1 Diabetic Patients

Aim. Тo determine the serum level of EMAP-II in type 1 diabetic patients with microangyopathy and arterial hypertention.Materials and methods We examined 23 type 1 diabetic patient with microangyopathy and arterial hypertention, 10 type 1 diabetic patient with microangyopathy without hypertention and 28 control subjects. Serum levels of EMAP-II were determined by immunoenzyme assay. The data were presented as means±SD.  Results. We found an increased serum level of EMAP-II in type 1 diabetic patients with microangyopathy and arterial hypertention compared to control group (5,23±1,66 ng/ml and 1,25±0,76 ng/ml respectively, р0,01), and in type 1 diabetic patients with microangyopathy and arterial hypertension compared to group without hypertension (5,23±1,66 ng/ml and 3,63±1,9 ng/ml respectively, р0,01). Also, the level of EMAP-II correlated with key markers of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, inverse correlated with endothelium-dependent dilatation (p0,05).Conclusion. The revealed change of EMAP-II could reflect an endothelial dysfunction in patients with type 1 diabetes with microangyopathy and arterial hypertension. Arterial hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia appears to be significant factor to contributing elevation of EMAP-II.Keywords: Endothelial monocyte activating polypeptide II, endothelial dysfunction, type 1 diabetes, arterial hypertension.

scholarly journals Focal crisis originating from movement in a hyperglycemic nonketotic patient

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-224
Author(s):  
J. Adamo Jr. ◽  
F. Forti
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Diabetic Patient ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Passive Movement ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Rare Type ◽  
Initial Manifestation ◽  
The Right

Case report of a long term diabetic patient with partial motor crises originating from passive movement of the right arm. This is a rare type of crisis when compared to spontaneous partial crisis in diabetic patients. Partial crises are often the initial manifestation of diabetes mellitus (about 19% of the cases reported). As in those cases registered in the literature, crisis control in this case was obtained by normalization of glycose serum levels. Possible mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis are discussed.

Hepatoprotective Role of Green Tea, (Camellia senesis) Extract on Paracetamol Induced Hepatic Damage in Guinea-Pigs.

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-54
Author(s):  
Rita Oze ◽  
P. Nwankpa ◽  
Gabriel Oze ◽  
Harrison Nwanjo
Keyword(s):  
Green Tea ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Group I ◽  
Actual Mechanism ◽  
Aspartate Amino Transferase

Aim: Green tea (Camellia senesis) is consumed because of the belief that it protects against liver related ailments. This study aims at finding the possible scientific basis for this claim. Methodology: Twenty guinea pigs of mixed sexes were divided into 4 experimental groups of 5 animals each. Group I served as a negative control for the liver marker-enzymes, aspartate-amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Total bilirubin (TB) and its metabolite, conjugated bilirubin (CB), were also estimated. In group II, a high dose of paracetamol was used to induce hepatotoxicity. In groups III and IV, the hepatotoxcity was challenged with the extract of a green tea at 100 and 200 mg/kg. Results: The results showed that the 100 mg/kg attenuated the serum levels of AST, ALT and ALP by 9.20, 7.30. and 5.10 % respectively. The inhibition of ALT was significant (p<0.05). The 200 mg/kg reduced the levels of the enzymes for AST by 12.00, 9.70 and 5.30% respectively (p>0.05). The serum CB was also significantly reduced by the two doses of the extract (p<0.05). The actual mechanism by which these occurred was not known. Conclusion: The extract of the green tea may possess hepatoprotective effects. Key words: Hepatoprotection. Liver enzymes, Green tea. (Camellia senesis). Guinea- pig

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