scholarly journals COPROANTIBODY AND BACTERIAL ANTAGONISM AS PROTECTIVE FACTORS IN EXPERIMENTAL ENTERIC CHOLERA

1956 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Freter
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Passive Immunization ◽  
Oral Immunization ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Bacterial Antagonism ◽  
Circulating Antibody

Passive oral immunization with O-antiserum was found to protect guinea pigs against fatal enteric cholera. The number of vibrios recoverable from the intestines of infected animals was not noticeably reduced by active and oral passive immunization. Passive immunization by the intraperitoneal route was not protective even though high titers of circulating antibody were obtained shortly after injection. Oral administration of H-antiserum also had no protective effect. Introduction of E. coli into the intestinal tract increased the resistance of guinea pigs to fatal enteric cholera.

scholarly journals Oral immunization against enterotoxigenic colibacillosis in weaned piglets by non-pathogenic Escherichia colistrain with K88 (F4) colonizing factors 

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 315-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Alexa ◽  
J. Hamrik ◽  
K. Stouracova ◽  
E. Salajka
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Oral Immunization ◽  
Coli Strain ◽  
Intramuscular Administration ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Immunization Protocol ◽  
The Third ◽  
Live Culture

Experiments were focused on the prevention of diarrhoea in weaned piglets by means of enterotoxigenic strains of Escherichia coli (ETEC) with colonizing factors K88 (F4). The process of immunization consisted of intramuscular administration of ETEC strain bacterin one day prior to weaning and oral administration of a live culture of non-pathogenic E. coli strain containing colonizing factors (O149:K88; STa–, LT–) in 3 hours after weaning. The shedding of the K88 positive E. coli strains was monitored for 3 weeks after weaning by the culture of rectal swabs. The efficacy of such immunization protocol was tested by challenge exposure to enterotoxigenic E. coli O149:K88, LT+ strain on the third or the tenth day after weaning. Following the oral administration of non-pathogenic E. coli strain containing colonizing factors K88 to piglets, the shedding of the administered strain continued for 9 days. No or very small protection against diarrhoea following the challenge exposure to enterotoxigenic E. coli was found in immunized piglets.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL ENTERIC SHIGELLA AND VIBRIO INFECTIONS IN MICE AND GUINEA PIGS

1956 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Freter ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Passive Immunization ◽  
Coli Strain ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Enteric Infections ◽  
Vitro Production

A method has been devised for inhibiting the normal enteric flora, permitting long term asymptomatic enteric infections of mice and guinea pigs with streptomycin-resistant strains of Shigella flexneri or Vibrio cholerae. Introduction of a streptomycin-resistant strain of E. coli into the intestinal tract of experimental animals resulted in a rapid elimination of the enteric pathogens studied. No in vitro production of antibiotic substances by this coli strain could be demonstrated. Active and oral passive immunization did not noticeably influence the number of Shigella or Vibrio organisms recoverable from the feces of infected animals.

Effect of Escherichia Coli Infection on Metabolism of Dietary Protein in Intestine

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 772-776
Author(s):  
Xiao-Pei Peng ◽  
Wei Ding ◽  
Jian-Min Ma ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Jian Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Physical Injury ◽  
Dietary Proteins ◽  
Pathogenic Role ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Escherichia Coli Infection

Dietary proteins are linked to the pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) through the intestinal tract, which is the site where both dietary proteins are metabolized and pathogenic E. coli strains play a pathogenic role. Dietary proteins are degraded by enzymes in the intestine lumen and their metabolites are transferred into enterocytes to be further metabolized. Seven diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes have been identified, and they damage the intestinal epithelium through physical injury and effector proteins, which lead to inhibit the digestibility and absorption of dietary proteins in the intestine tract. But the increased tryptophan (Trp) content in the feed, low-protein diet or milk fractions supplementation is effective in preventing and controlling infections by pathogenic E. coli in the intestine.

Bacteriophages reduce Escherichia coli O157:H7 levels in experimentally inoculated sheep

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
S J Bach ◽  
R P Johnson ◽  
K. Stanford ◽  
T A McAllister
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Fecal Shedding ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Oral Inoculation ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
And Control

Bacteriophage biocontrol has potential as a means of mitigating the prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ruminants. The efficacy of oral administration of bacteriophages for reducing fecal shedding of E. coli O157:H7 by sheep was evaluated using 20 Canadian Arcott rams (50.0 ± 3.0) housed in four rooms (n = 5) in a contained facility. The rams had ad libitum access to drinking water and a pelleted barley-based total mixed ration, delivered once daily. Experimental treatments consisted of administration of E. coli O157:H7 (O157), E. coli O157:H7+bacteriophages (O157+phage), bacteriophages (phage), and control (CON). Oral inoculation of the rams with 109 CFU of a mixture of four nalidixic acid-resistant strains of E. coli O157:H7 was performed on day 0. A mixture of 1010 PFU of bacteriophages P5, P8 and P11 was administered on days -2, -1, 0, 6 and 7. Fecal samples collected on 14 occasions over 21 d were analyzed for E. coli O157:H7, total E. coli, total coliforms and bacteriophages. Sheep in treatment O157+phage shed fewer (P < 0.05) E. coli O157:H7 than did sheep in treatment O157. Populations of total coliforms and total E. coli were similar (P < 0.05) among treatments, implying that bacteriophage lysis of non-target E. coli and coliform bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract did not occur. Bacteriophage numbers declined rapidly over 21 d, which likely reduced the chance of collision between bacteria and bacteriophage. Oral administration of bacteriophages reduced shedding of E. coli O157:H7 by sheep, but a delivery system that would protect bacteriophages during passage through the intestine may increase the effectiveness of this strategy as well as allow phage to be administered in the feed.Key words: Escherichia coli O157:H7, bacteriophage, sheep, environment, coliforms

PARALLEL STUDIES OF COMPLEMENT AND BLOOD COAGULATION IX. THE EFFECT OF METHIONINE, CHOLINE, AND CYSTINE ON THE CHANGES INDUCED BY ETHIONINE

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-357
Author(s):  
Christine E. Rice ◽  
Paul Boulanger ◽  
P. J. G. Plummer ◽  
E. Annau
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Acinar Cells ◽  
Complement Components ◽  
Fatty Livers

Fatty livers were produced in guinea pigs by the repeated feeding or injection of ethionine; the acinar cells of the pancreas were also affected in some of the animals. Marked changes in plasma coagulability always occurred as well as a definite reduction in complement titer in which two or more of the major complement components were involved. Methionine displayed some protective effect against the fatty liver induced by the ethionine and was partially effective in controlling the coagulative changes and the decline in complement titer. In some animals, choline likewise ameliorated these conditions, whereas cystine tended to aggravate them. A combination of cystine and choline was more effective than choline alone.

The Protective Effect of α-Hederin, the Active Constituent of Nigella sativa , on Lung Inflammation and Blood Cytokines in Ovalbumin Sensitized Guinea Pigs

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1761-1767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana Keyhanmanesh ◽  
Saeideh Saadat ◽  
Mostafa Mohammadi ◽  
Amir-Ali Shahbazfar ◽  
Maryam Fallahi
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Lung Inflammation ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Active Constituent ◽  
Blood Cytokines

Concluding remarks

1956 ◽  
Vol 146 (922) ◽  
pp. 90-92 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Distinct Type ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Immunological Tolerance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Immunological Reaction ◽  
Picryl Chloride ◽  
Purified Antigen ◽  
Circulating Antibody

In many ways immunological tolerance is an ideal subject for discussion at the present time. Experimental work has gone far enough to allow us to claim that the principle of immunological tolerance is soundly established and that we can see more or less clearly some of its implications. But obviously very much remains to be learnt of the part played by tolerance in the various fields that have been discussed. It is by no means certain that we are dealing with a single topic when we compare tolerance to homografts with inhibition of antibody production against soluble protein in a rabbit. Such a situation provides much for discussion but does not make it easy to condense or interpret that discussion. One might begin by reiterating that immunology is concerned with much more than the production and properties of typical circulating antibody. There are at least four different types of immunological reaction and there are hints of many minor differences within the main types. Pappenheimer’s recent work on the variety of responses given by a single species, man, to a single purified antigen, diphtheria toxoid, offers a characteristic example of the current trend. Chase’s experiments on the response of guinea pigs to simple allergens like picryl chloride, have been only incidentally mentioned in today’s discussion, but their importance is obvious. A form of tolerance very similar to that produced by prenatal treatment of mice can be produced by administering the allergen to adult guinea-pigs by mouth. The animals are resistant to sensitization by skin treatment and the inhibition is general and unrelated to any persistence of allergen in the body. The question immediately arises whether all forms of tolerance are basically similar or whether for each of the qualitatively distinct types of positive immunological reaction, a correspondingly distinct type of inhibition or tolerance must be sought.

Ability ofEscherichia coliO157:H7 isolates to colonize the intestinal tract of conventional adult CD1 mice is transient

2001 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Wayne Conlan ◽  
Sonia L Bardy ◽  
Rhonda KuoLee ◽  
Ann Webb ◽  
Malcolm B Perry
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Intestinal Colonization ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Cd1 Mice ◽  
A Current

In an attempt to improve upon a current mouse model of intestinal colonization by Escherichia coli O157:H7 used in this laboratory for vaccine development, nine clinical isolates of the pathogen were screened for their ability to persist in the intestinal tract of conventional adult CD-1 mice. None of the test isolates of E. coli O157:H7 were capable of colonizing these mice for a period of more than two weeks. Most of the isolates appeared to be benign for the experimental host, but one isolate was lethal. This virulence correlated with the ability of the latter isolate to produce large quantities of Shiga-like toxin 2 in vitro.

scholarly journals Estimation of permeability to bacteriophages of intestinal mucosa of chickens with eimeriosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
N. V. Davydova ◽  
V. Yu. Koptev ◽  
Yu. N. Kozlova ◽  
L. I. Sulimova ◽  
V. N. Afonyushkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Biological Material ◽  
Probiotic Strain ◽  
Field Isolates ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Inflammatory Processes

In the course of the study permeability of intestinal mucosa of chickens suffering from eimeriosis while treating them with various veterinary drugs, including probiotics, was evaluated. The simulation of a typical clinical picture of eimeriosis was carried out by oral administration of suspension with coccidial oocysts (1.6 × 105/head) using a probe. To create different forms and different intensity of inflammatory processes, chickens that received various anticoccidial preparations and probiotic strain Bacillus subtilis were infected with eimeria. According to the data from an autopsy, it was found that the use of a spore probiotic based on Bacillus subtilis and anticoccidial drugs containing robenidine hydrochloride and salinomycin had a positive protective effect when treating chickens from eimeriosis. A similar picture was observed when assessing permeability of intestinal mucosa as affected by bacteriophage, whereby permeability decreased with the use of probiotics and the above-mentioned active agents. In general, the decrease in productivity was significant in all groups. However, the effect of spore-based probiotics was quite pronounced against the background of eimeria polyresistance. In the situation where anticoccidial drugs are less effective, the use of a spore-based probiotic can have a noticeable protective effect. The effect of all anticoccidial drugs under study on the concentration of oocysts and the state of the mucosa was insignificant, which indicated polyresistance of different types of eimeria isolated from biological material to these drugs. The analysis of the intestinal mucosa integrity, based on the study of mucosa permeability to bacteriophages and a Johnson and Reid scoring procedure showed that a spore probiotic based on B. subtilis and anticoccidial drugs containing robenidine and salinomycin had the best protective effect against eimeriosis caused by field isolates of eimeria. When treating chickens suffering from eimeriosis caused by polyresistant forms of E. acervulina and E. tenella, it is advisable to use probiotics alongside with drugs based on robenidine and salinomycin.

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