scholarly journals Intraocular pressure associations with refractive error and axial length in children

2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
A J Lee
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Axial Length

Significance of choroidal thickness

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 256-261
Author(s):  
Ying Zhou ◽  
◽  
Er-Teng Jia ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
Choroidal Thickness ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Ophthalmic Diseases ◽  
The Relationship

This article summarized the choroidal thickness systematically and followed by relevant findings which describes the influencing factors of the choroidal thickness, the changes of the choroidal thickness in ophthalmic diseases and the relationship between the blood flow and the choroidal thickness detailedly. Choroidal thickness is affected by many factors, such as age, gender, intraocular pressure, refractive error, axial length, systolic blood pressure, daily rhythm, body position, smoking history, etc., and choroid is significantly correlated with many ophthalmic diseases. Choroidal thickness is of great importance in the diagnosis and treatment of ophthalmic diseases.

Changes in Axial Length and Refractive Error After Noninvasive Normalization of Intraocular Pressure From Elevated Levels

2016 ◽  
Vol 163 ◽  
pp. 132-139.e2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-sik Kim ◽  
Kyoung Nam Kim ◽  
Tae Seen Kang ◽  
Young Joon Jo ◽  
Jung Yeul Kim
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Axial Length

Factors affecting changes in the intraocular pressure after phacoemulsification surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-172
Author(s):  
Rita Dhamankar ◽  
◽  
Suhas S Haldipurkar ◽  
Tanvi Haldipurkar ◽  
Vijay Shetty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Anterior Chamber ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
Anterior Chamber Depth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
The Mean

AIM: To assess the changes in anterior chamber parameters and examine the factors associated with changes in the intraocular pressure (IOP) in individuals who have undergone phacoemulsification surgery. METHODS: It is a longitudinal analysis of secondary clinical data collected from 105 non-glaucomatous eyes (82 patients) undergoing a cataract surgery. We studied the association between anterior chamber parameters, grade of cataract, demographics, and changes in the IOP over a period of three weeks. We also evaluated the association between the pressure-depth (PD) ratio and changes in the IOP during this time. RESULTS: The mean age (SD) of the 82 patients was 60.1±7.8y. The mean±standard deviation (SD) IOP was 15.06±3.36 mm Hg pre-operatively; it increased to 15.75±4.21 mm Hg on day one (P=0.20). In the multifactorial models, the mean IOP was -1.715 (95%CI: -2.795, -0.636) mm Hg on day 21±5 compared with the pre-operative values. The anterior chamber depth (ACD), axial length, age, sex, and grade of cataract were not significantly associated with changes in the IOP. Each unit increase in the PD ratio was associated with an increase in the mean IOP by 1.289 mm Hg (95%CI: 0.906, 1.671). After adjusting for pre-operative PD ratio, none of the other variables (ACD, axial length, temporal angle) were significantly associated with changes in mean IOP. CONCLUSION: The PD ratio was the single most important factor associated with the changes in post-operative IOP over three weeks post-surgery.

Anterior Movement of the Crystalline Lens in the Process of Accommodation in Children

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.J. Kaluzny
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Error ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
Crystalline Lens ◽  
Posterior Pole ◽  
Anterior Pole ◽  
Forward Movement ◽  
Ophthalmic Examination ◽  
Lens Thickness ◽  
Lens Position ◽  
Refractive Status

Purpose To investigate changes of crystalline lens position during accommodation in children with emmetropia, myopia, and hyperopia. Methods A total of 188 children (372 eyes) from 4 to 19 years old (mean age 11.3±4.43) with cycloplegic refractive error within a range +9.00 D to −9.00 D were enrolled. After a general ophthalmic examination, ultrasound biometry was performed, with the eye at a maximal accommodative effort. Cycloplegia was induced by triple installation of 1% tropicamide drops and 30 minutes later the biometric examination was repeated. Results In emmetropic eyes in the process of accommodation, the anterior pole of the crystalline lens moved forward by 0.144±0.14 mm (p ≤ 0.001); the position of the posterior pole did not change. In myopic eyes, the anterior pole moved forward by 0.071±0.13 mm (p≤0.001) and the posterior pole moved backward by 0.039±0.10 mm (p=0.003). In hyperopic eyes, the whole lens translocated anteriorly: anterior pole moved forward by 0.242±0.16 mm (p≤ 0.001) and posterior pole moved forward by 0.036±0.09 mm (p≤0.001). Differences among emmetropia, myopia, and hyperopia were statistically significant. Forward movement of the posterior pole correlated with a low axial length of the eye, and also with plus refractive error and with a smaller accommodative increase of lens thickness. Conclusions In children, accommodative changes of the crystalline lens position depend on refractive status.

scholarly journals Correlation of refractive error with axial length and corneal topography

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Surabhi Ruia ◽  
Poonam Kishore ◽  
Vinita Singh ◽  
Nitin Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
Corneal Topography ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Study Materials ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

Purpose: To collect and analyze normative data about corneal topography and axial length in various refractive errors in Indian population.Design: Cross-sectional observational study. Materials and Method: Three hundred eyes (150 patients) of age group 12-35 yrs were arranged in 5 groups according to refractive status; Group 1 (n=44): myopia of SphericalEquivalent (SE) > 6 D; Group 2 (n=67): myopia of SE >0.5 D to 6 D; Group 3 (n=88): nearly emmetropic of SE -0.5 D to +0.5 D; Group 4 (n=59): hypermetropia of SE >0.5 to 6 D; Group 5 (n=42): hypermetropia of SE > 6 D. Axial length(AL), central radius of curvature of cornea (CR), central power of cornea (CK) , Al/CR ratio for each group were documented . Correlation with SE and among each other was studied. Results: Mean AL (in mm) of myopic patients (n=111) was 24.23 ± 1.34, emmetropic (n=88) 22.62 ± 0.94 and hypermetropics (n=101) 20.73 ±0.94. Mean CR (in mm) of myopic patients was 7.55 ± 0.35, emmetropics was 7.70 ±0.32, and hypermetropes was 7.99 ±0.35. Mean CK (in D) of myopics was 44.86±2.59, emmetropes was 43.91±1.76, and hypermetropes was 42.32±1.89. Mean AL/CR ratio of myopics was 3.22 ± 0.29, emmetropics 2.94± 0.07, and hypermetropics 2.60 ± 0.19. AL was negatively correlated with SE(r=-0.91, p<0.0001) and positively with AL/CR(r=0.88, p<0.0001) and CK (r=0.36, p<0.0001). CR was negatively correlated with AL/CR (r=-0.74, p<0.0001) while positively correlated with SE (r=0.62, p<0.0001). CK showed positive correlation with AL/CR (r=0.75, p<0.0001) while negative correlation with SE (r=-0.61, p<0.0001). AL/CR was negatively correlated withSE(r=-0.95, p<0.0001). Conclusion: This study showed a negative correlation between axial length and refractive error and between AL/CR ratio and refractive error with stronger inverse relationship in hypermetropes than myopes. There was a positive correlation of CR with SE with a weaker direct relationship in myopes than hypermetropes. 

scholarly journals A calculator proposal for estimating refractive error after 3 years using the onset biometric values in primary school children: a cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feride Tuncer Orhan ◽  
Haluk Huseyin Gürsoy
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Anterior Chamber ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
Anterior Chamber Depth ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Optical Parameters ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Final Data ◽  
The Mean

Aim To evaluate consecutive measurements of the biometric parameters, age, and refraction error in a Turkish population at primary school age. Materials and Methods A total of 197 children aged between 7-12 years were included. The data of three consecutive measurements of children, who were examined at least once a year for three years using both cycloplegic auto-refractometry and optical biometry, were used in this retrospective study. Spherical equivalent <-0.50D was considered to be myopic; >+0.75D was considered to be hypermetropic. Age, gender, body mass index, spherical equivalent, axial length, anterior chamber depth, central corneal thickness, keratometry, and lens thickness were analyzed. The onset data obtained in 2013 whereas, the final data were from 2015. Logistic and Cox regression analyses were performed (p<0.05). Results The mean of the onset and the final spherical equivalents were 0.19D (0.56), and 0.08D (0.80), respectively. The myopia prevalence was increased among refractive errors in observation periods (univariable analysis p=0.029; multivariable analysis p=0.017). The onset axial length (HR:4.55, 95%CI:2.87-7.24, p<0.001), keratometry (HR:2.04, 95%CI:1.55-2.67, p<0.001) and age (HR:0.73, 95%CI: 0.57-0.92, p=0.009) correlated myopia progression. To calculate the estimated spherical equivalent, the onset data were included in the logistic regression model. The onset data of spherical equivalent (β=0.916, p<0.001), axial length (β=-0.451, p<0.001), anterior chamber depth (β=0.430, p=0.005) and keratometry (β=-0.172, p<0.001) were found to be significantly associated with the mean SE at the final data. Conclusions To calculate the estimated spherical equivalent following three years, an equation was proposed. The estimated refractive error of children can be calculated by using the proposed equation with the associated onset optical parameters.

scholarly journals Age-Related Changes in the Rhesus Macaque Eye

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kira Lin ◽  
Tu Tran ◽  
Soohyun Kim ◽  
Sangwan Park ◽  
Jiajia Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Rhesus Macaque ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Lens Thickness ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

Purpose: To assess age-related changes in the rhesus macaque eye and evaluate them to corresponding human age-related eye disease. Methods: Data from eye exams and imaging tests including intraocular pressure (IOP), lens thickness, axial length, and retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) images were evaluated from 142 individuals and statistically analyzed for age-related changes. Quantitative autofluorescence (qAF) was measured as was the presence of macular lesions as related to age. Results: Ages of the 142 rhesus macaques ranged from 0.7 to 29 years (mean=16.4 years, stdev=7.5 years). Anterior segment measurements such as IOP, lens thickness, and axial length were acquired. Advanced retinal imaging in the form of optical coherence tomography and qAF were obtained. Quantitative assessments were made and variations by age groups were analyzed to compare with established age-related changes in human eyes. Quantitative analysis of data revealed age-related increase in intraocular pressure, ocular biometry (lens thickness and axial length), and presence of macular lesions. Age-related changes in thicknesses of retinal layers on OCT were observed and quantified. Age was correlated with increased qAF. Conclusions: The rhesus macaque has age-related ocular changes similar to humans. IOP increases with age while retinal ganglion cell layer thickness decreases. Macular lesions develop in some aged animals. Our findings support the concept that rhesus macaques may be useful for the study of important age-related diseases such as glaucoma, macular diseases, and cone disorders, and for development of therapies for these diseases.

scholarly journals Post Cataract Surgery Refractive Error in Myopic Patients Using SRK/T Versus Holladay 1 Formula for IOL Power Calculation

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidra Anwar, Atif Mansoor Ahmad, Irum Abbas, Zyeima Arif
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Lens ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
Power Calculation ◽  
Mean Error ◽  
Iol Power Calculation ◽  
Group A ◽  
Iol Power ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Purpose: To compare post-operative mean refractive error with SandersRetzlaff-Kraff/theoretical (SRK-T) and Holladay 1 formulae for intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation in cataract patients with longer axial lengths. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Ophthalmology, Shaikh Zayed Hospital Lahore from 01 January 2017 01 January, 2018. Material and Methods: A total of 80 patients were selected from Ophthalmology Outdoor of Shaikh Zayed Hospital Lahore. The patients were randomly divided into two groups of 40 each by lottery method. IOL power calculation was done in group A using SRK-T formula and in group B using Holladay1 formula after keratomery and A-scan. All patients underwent phacoemulsification with foldable lens implantation. Post-operative refractive error was measured after one month and mean error was calculated and compared between the two groups. Results: Eighty cases were included in the study with a mean age of 55.8 ± 6.2 years. The mean axial length was 25.63 ± 0.78mm, and the mean keratometric power was 43.68 ± 1.1 D. The mean post-operative refractive error in group A (SRK/T) was +0.36D ± 0.33D and in group B (Holladay 1) it was +0.68 ± 0.43. The Mean Error in group A was +0.37D ± 0.31D as compared to +0.69D ± 0.44D in group B. Conclusion: SRK/T formula is superior to Holladay 1 formula for cases having longer axial lengths. Key words: Phacoemulsification, intraocular lens power, longer axial length, biometry.

Visual Acuity, Intraocular Pressure, and Macular Thickness in Patients Undergoing Dialysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 98-106
Author(s):  
Monawar Muhsin Jabr ◽  
Hussain S. Hasan ◽  
Hind Ahmed Mahdi
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Average Thickness ◽  
Foveal Thickness ◽  
Central Foveal Thickness ◽  
The Right

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a public health problem over all the world. CKD may also be defined by the presence of kidney damage or a reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which is the best overall indicator or index of kidney function. CKD patients are usually treated using kidney dialysis (hemodialysis) that uses a blood filtration mechanism (HD). Several metabolic parameters, such as blood urea, sodium, potassium, and glucose levels, can alter during HD. Osmotic alterations in blood, aqueous and vitreous humor, and other extracellular fluids arise from these fluctuations. That also can affect visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), and retinal thickness. Aim of the Study: To evaluate some of the ocular findings undergoing HD to keep prevent the loss of patient vision such as visual acuity (VA), intraocular pressure (IOP), central corneal thickness (CCT), central Foveal Thickness (CFT), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL). Patient& Methods: This is a cohort (prospective) design study. This study including Seventy nine patients divided into two groups the first group from one week to six month (9 femal & 18 males) another group over than six month (36 female & 16 male) the average age between (12 to 70 years). This research performed in the three places department of the eye in Al-Hussein hospital in Samawah city, Al-Haboby hospital, Al-Hussein hospital in Dhi Qar city finally in Al-Shaheed Gazy hospital and Baghdad teaching hospital in Baghdad. Examining Visual Acuity by Snellen chart & auto refractometer, IOP& CCT by (CT.1 Computerized Tonometer TOPCON), RNLF and Central Foveal Thickness by OCT (Carl ZEISS, TOPCON). The inclusion criteria were as follows: all the patients undergoing dialysis from one week to over six months. Exclusion criteria were as follows: the patients have diabetic, any patients have a hereditary disease or glaucoma history or laser therapy, or intraocular injection in the eye before dialysis, the patients have a problem in the eye before dialysis such as cataracts or opacity leads to does surgery, the patients who have a refractive error or wear glass had been also excluded. Result: Includes the results of seventy-nine patients (45 females and 34 males) with chronic kidney disease examined ocular findings before a session of dialysis divided into two groups based on their duration of dialysis. Group one with twenty-seven patients (9 female & 18 male) under dialysis from one week to six months with mean & standard deviation (3.2037, ± 1.89259), group tow with fifty tow patients (36 female & 16 male) under dialysis from the duration over than six months with mean & standard deviation (44.2308, ± 26.24367) respectively. Patients aged (12 to 70 years) had mean age & ± standard deviation (35.1481, ± 12.88918), (44.4038, ± 15.42249) for two groups respectively. Patients in two groups had IOP (Right eye), its mean & standard deviation (15, ± 2.34), (15.69, ± 2.56) for group one & group tow respectively. Also, patients had CCT (Right eye) with mean & standard deviation (5.3467E2, ± 39.00296), (5.2312E2, ± 30.44162) for group one & group tow respectively. Patients had CCT (Left) with mean & standard deviation (5.2878E2, ± 37.55748), (5.2179E2, ± 29.58957) for group one & group tow respectively. Patients in two groups had average thickness RNFL (Right eye) with mean & standard deviation (1.0604E2, ± 25.17551), (95.6154, ± 21.27150) for group one & group tow respectively. Also, patients had average thickness RNFL (left eye) with mean & standard deviation (1.0930E2, ±23.80177), (98.7500, ± 23.77334) for group one & group tow respectively. Conclusions: This study found CCT effective with dialysis tend to be thin (53 patient,18 patient in group one &35 in group two) and that will be had a threefold higher risk of developing glaucoma when compared with thick average because of the IOP value affected by it. Refractive error effective with dialysis & become was more prominent that can be shown in the group two have (40 patient from 52) while (15 patient from27) in the group one although a lot of them corrected to the BCVA. In conclusion high value of the C/D ratio formed about (45.57%, 53.16%) to the right &left eye respectively this value will be form important sign of risk factor to progressive of glaucomatous need to be alert in the future. Also our research reveals CFT effective undergoing dialysis the thick value was (56 in the right eye, 55 in the left eye) high compared with the thin (9 in the right&9 in the left eye) & normal (14 in the right eye, 15 in the left eye). All the two groups of patients will be effected by the duration of dialysis with a time.

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